What Is Tibetan Medicine?
Tibetan medicine, Tibetan name . Tibetan medicine is a unique medical system formed through long-term practice on the basis of extensive absorption and integration of Chinese medicine, Indian medicine, and food medicine. It has a history of thousands of years and is relatively complete in China. One of the more influential national medicines.
- Chinese name
- Tibetan medicine
- Foreign name
- Tibetan medicine
- Application area
- Tibet Autonomous Region and other places
- Species
- 3000 or so
- Birthplace
- Tibet
- Medication specification
- Tibetan Medicine Standard
- Location
- Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
- Tibetan medicine, Tibetan name . Tibetan medicine is a unique medical system formed through long-term practice on the basis of extensive absorption and integration of Chinese medicine, Indian medicine, and food medicine. It has a history of thousands of years and is relatively complete in China. One of the more influential national medicines.
Tibetan Medicine Introduction
History of Tibetan Medicine
- According to the historical records of this teaching and relevant experts' research and demonstration, the "Four Medical Classics" (Tibetan script) is the earliest existing Tibetan medical monograph that the book is Jeb Chisi (son of Tibetan script) ), Written in 1999 BC. Later, in the 9th century AD, a well-known Tibetan medical scientist Yu Tuoyun Dan Gongbu and others studied, enriched, supplemented, and revised the "Four Medical Books" to form the famous Tibetan medical work "Four Medical Books". [1]
- There are many classics in the history of Tibetan medicine, which have become the main literature and the historical records of the development of Tibetan medicine.
- "Yuewang Medicine Clinic" is an earlier history of Tibetan medicine, including 440 kinds of plants, 260 kinds of animals, and 80 kinds of minerals. Among them, more than 300 kinds of medicines are special products of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, most of which are still in use today. .
- "Beads of Materia Medica" is the largest collection of Tibetan medicine, known as the "Compendium of Materia Medica" of the Tibetan people.
Tibetan medicine Tibetan medicine resources
- The areas where modern Tibetan medicine is applied include, in addition to the Tibet Autonomous Region, some Tibetan autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties belonging to Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Gansu provinces. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the main source of Tibetan medicine. According to surveys by relevant units, there are 2,436 kinds of Tibetan medicine resources, including 2172 kinds of plants, 214 kinds of animals, and 50 kinds of minerals. Qinghai occupies a vast area in the north and east of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. According to surveys, there are 1,294 kinds of medicinal resources in the province, including 1,087 kinds of plants, 150 kinds of animals, and 57 kinds of minerals. 70% of the hundreds of Tibetan medicines commonly used in the province are collected from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. According to a survey by the Sichuan Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, there are more than 1,000 Tibetan medicine resources in the state; 23% of the 1,127 traditional Chinese medicine resources in Ganzi Prefecture are used by Tibetan medicine.
Tibetan medicine
- From the statistics of relevant data, there are about 3,000 kinds of Tibetan medicine in China. Tibet is the birthplace of Tibetan medicine and has a long history of application. There are more than 360 Tibetan medicines commonly used in this area, mainly derived from plants such as Asteraceae, Leguminosae, Ranunculaceae, Papaveraceae, Umbelliferae, Gentianaceae, Rosaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Cruciferae and Liliaceae. , The important medicinal genus are: Artemisia, Pedicularis, Corydalis, Primula and Saxifraga. Of the commonly used Tibetan medicines, the alkaloid-containing species account for about 50%. These more active ingredients are more common in aconites, delphiniums, deluscens, genus Polygonum, sophora, gentian and berberis. With plants. For example, rhubarb is an important Tibetan medicine. There are 28 species of rhubarb plants distributed on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, of which 21 are used in Tibetan medicine. Tibetan medicinal rhubarb is divided into three categories: upper grade, middle grade, and lower grade. In addition to Rheum palmatum and Tanggut,
- Tower yellow
- Tibetan medicine has formulated a unified drug use standard, namely the "Tibetan Medicine Standard" compiled by Tibet, Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Yunnan, Xinjiang and other 6 provinces and regions, containing a total of 227 Tibetan medicines, of which 197 kinds of plants, 17 species of animals, 13 species of minerals, the main species are: Tibetan fennel, mandarin duck, Tibetan Codonopsis, osmanthus, jellyfish snowdrop, Tangut
- Snow lotus
Tibetan medicine literature included
- The Tibetans are an ancient people distributed on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China. The written records of Tibetan medicine began more than 1,300 years ago. There are many Tibetan medical literature handed down after the 8th century AD. Among them are the six most influential:
Tibetan Medicine "Residential Volume of Dunhuang Tibetan Medicine "
- (8th century AD) Contains 153 flavors of 53 prescriptions; 66 flavors (52%) of 127 Chinese herbal medicines, 51 flavors (40%) of plant medicines, and 12 flavors (18%) of mineral medicines.
Tibetan Medicine " Yuewang Medicine "
- (Most believed to be the middle of the 8th century AD), translation by the medical monk Mahayan and Vairuzana. It is an earlier history of Tibetan medicine, containing 440 kinds of plants, 260 kinds of animals, and 80 kinds of mineral drugs. Among them, more than 300 drugs are special products of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Saxifraga, Eargrass, Capsella delphinium, Aconite, Amaranth, Himalayan Mirabilis, Ciliary Poona, Hydrangea chinensis, Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens, Bluestone grass, Urano gentian, Mandrill Camphor, barley, bear bile, yak butter, and coriander.
Tibetan Medicine "Four Medical Books"
- (12th century), by Yu Tuo Yuan Dan Gomb. It contains 1002 kinds of drugs, including 390 kinds of drug properties in Chapter 20 of Chapter 2 and 400 prescriptions.
- The Four Medical Classics consists of the Blue Classic (Tibetan script), the White Classic (Tibetan script), the Flower Classic (Tibetan script), and the Black Classic (Tibetan script). The main content of the Blue Classic is pathology; the White Classic is pharmacology; the Floral Classic is diagnostics; and the Black Classic is clinical. Jibu Chixi's (Four Medical Classics) and Yu Tuoyun Deng Gongbu's "Four Medical Classics" have been studied. The content of the two is basically the same, and it can be said that they are similar. There are only differences in some terms.
- It is logical that the two books are identical. This is because: First, both are a summary of the experience of the Tibetan people fighting various diseases on the snowy plateau in the same habitat; second, both medicines are their own medicine compiled by the Tibetan people themselves Learn the classics; third, the two works are Tibetan monographs formed within the same natural environment, cultural background, and practice of medicine; fourth, practice and medicine are the same ethnic group. There is only one difference, that is, the time of formation of the two is different. [1]
Tibetan Medicine "Four Medical Books Blue Ruri"
- By Division Sanji Gyatso (1653 ~ 1707). Contains 1,400 medicines.
Tibetan Medicine
- By Dima Tenzin Pengcuo (1673 ~ 1743?). It is a large book containing Tibetan medicines. It covers a wide range and has strong Tibetan characteristics. It is known as the Tibetan Compendium of Materia Medica. 75% of the medicines in this book are used today, 30% of which are Tibetan medicine Special purpose, according to statistics, involving 1,200 basic motile and plant species. It contains 2294 kinds of medicines, including 1006 kinds of botanical medicines, 448 kinds of animal medicines and 840 kinds of mineral medicines.
Tibetan Medicine "Position Confirmation"
- By Jiu Duojie (late 18th century). The pictures are combined with Qi and contain more than 580 drugs.
Tibetan medicine resources distribution
Tibetan medicinal materials
- Tibetan medicine is mainly distributed on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Here has complex and unique natural conditions, forming a variety of plant resources. From tropical rain forests in southeastern Tibet to the vast grasslands in northern Tibet, there are plant species that can reflect tropical, subtropical, temperate, and cold zones. According to the data, there are 6,144 species of vascular plants in Tibet, ranking fourth in the country. Tibetan areas have been a large treasure house of medicinal plants in China throughout history. According to preliminary statistics, there are more than a thousand species of wild medicinal plants, including Cordyceps sinensis, Fritillaria, Panax notoginseng, and Tian.
- Cordyceps sinensis
- Sanqi
Tibetan medicine ecological environment
- Although there are many types of Tibetan medicine plants, all kinds of plants are adapted to different ecological environments, so their distribution is also different. For example, the forest vegetation is mainly cold and temperate coniferous forests, which are distributed in the eastern and southeastern parts of the plateau. There are three types of shrub vegetation: evergreen broad-leaved scrub, deciduous broad-leaved scrub, and evergreen coniferous scrub. The plateau meadow vegetation has a large vertical area. It is characterized by high distribution. In the southeastern part of the plateau, its lower limit is coniferous forest and alpine shrubland, and its upper limit is alpine cushion vegetation. The vertical distribution height is 4200-4800 meters. It is continuous from the north of Nangqing Tanggula Mountain to the south of Kunlun Mountain. It is distributed in a large area, with an altitude of 3600-5300 meters; the alpine cushion vegetation is between the alpine meadow and the alpine stream rocky beach vegetation. Plants are short, hemispherical or cushion-shaped, creeping. Cushion vegetation is not only the result of the severe hydrothermal conditions, radiation, and strong winds that inhibit plant growth, but also reflects the adaptability of plants to long-term natural selection and evolution in the severe cold and harsh ecological environment. The average annual temperature of the cushion-like vegetation distribution area is about 0 , the warmest July average temperature is 4 5 , the night temperature is still below 0 , the day and night difference can reach 20 , and the annual precipitation is 250 500mm. Hydrothermal conditions are low temperature and arid; there are sparse vegetation on high mountain stream rocky beaches. This type is distributed above alpine cushion vegetation and under permanent snow and ice belts. It is widely spread in the Himalayas, Hengduan Mountains, Gangdise Mountains, Ninqing Tangula Mountains, Bayankala Mountain, Karakoram Mountain, Qilian Mountain, etc. have significant vertical zonal characteristics. Its distribution height depends on the glaciers and snow lines of the mountain peaks, and it gradually rises from north to south. Qilian Mountain is above 3800 meters, Bayankala Mountain is above 4700 meters, and Gangdise Mountain is above 5800 meters. The high-alpine flowing rocky beach is formed due to the strong freezing and physical weathering. The rocks are constantly cracking, and the rocks and gravels are slowly sliding along the steep slope. Fine sand grains have accumulated in the gravel gap, creating possible conditions for the growth and development of alpine plants. Only those plants that fight stubbornly hard snow and strong winds can obtain special living conditions and settle down. This vegetation is a product of the plateau uplift. Although there are not many species, it is a pioneer plant that conquered the high mountains. Almost all of these plants are Tibetan medicine.
- Although there are many types of plants in Tibet, many are endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau or the Himalayan-Hengduan Mountains, but because of the long-term closed and undeveloped natural state, except for Tibetan medicine and some medicinal plant resources, most plant resources are basically Not exploited. In short, all kinds of plant resources in the Tibetan region are abundant. The full and reasonable development and utilization of rich wild resources will turn the advantages of plant resources into economic advantages and serve the revitalization of the Tibetan economy. Tibetan medicine is a bright pearl in the treasure trove of Chinese medicine. The Tibetan people who have lived in the snowy plateau for generations have accumulated experience in treating various diseases in the struggle against nature and various diseases, forming a unique Tibetan medicine system, and many medical sages have emerged. After learning the theory of Tibetan medicine, at the same time, due to historical and social reasons, there has also been a very slow development, and until the second half of this century, there has been considerable progress.
Development of Tibetan Medicine Theory
Tibetan medicine ancient
- Dan Basiluo is the earliest Tibetan medicine elephant, the earliest birthplace of Tibetan culture, and also the birthplace of Tibetan primitive religion. Xiangxiong is located in the area of Puland County, Ali District, Tibet Autonomous Region today. This place is the birthplace of Deng Basiluo, the founder of Yongzhong Christianity. According to the legend of this religion, he was born for more than 10,000 years, but in fact, he and the Buddhist founder Shakyamuni belonged to the same era, that is, the year of the Tibetan calendar mule in 657 BC. He has been learning cultural knowledge such as the teaching since he was a child and has been meticulously engaged in the observation and research of nature for a long time. In the process, he found that everything contains four elements, namely earth, water, fire and wind. These four smallest molecules, he believes that everything in the world changes due to the interaction of these four elements. Later, he wrote some theoretical works such as "The Universe Born from the Egg", "Tibetan Medicine Nine Distinctions", "Five Elements Calendar Calculation", "Astronomy Calendar Calculation" and some booklets such as Gu Gu to expel ghosts. The first "Medical Code" of the religion teaches that Dengbasi married his daughter of 9 tribe masters as his wife and had 8 children. One of his concubines, named Zhai, was born in 637 BC Tibetan calendar. Jeb Chusi. Jeb Chusi later became the heir to medicine in Dembasi and named his father's medical treatise "Multiple Dream Shifts". This book is one of the source books in the "Four Medical Books" we use now. . Its epilogue records the history of all heirs from Jebchuse to the seventh century. [2]
- According to historical records, more than 200 BC, Nie Chi Zambu, the Tibetan king, raised six doubts. A person named Zilama Ma Yuede answered one of them, saying: Poison is medicine, which means that poison can be used as medicine, and poison can be used to attack the poison. medical knowledge. At this time, the famous doctor Jep Chixi also appeared. He developed the "Tugongwangri" pill, which also used the theory of using poison to attack the poison. In the 4th century, Latourtoge period, the cold treatment of fever and fever, Therapy. At this time, there was also a well-known Tibetan physician, Tongertuojianjian, who learned Indian medicine from his father, Gaqi Beach, and enriched the theory and practice of Tibetan medicine. According to historical records, at that time, a doctor such as Tongge Tuojianjian was able to perform an operation on Morong's Bazaar's eyes. After mid-year Dewu suffered from poisonous leprosy, he lived alone in the ground to avoid infecting his family Among the acupoints, the doctors of that era, their medical technology, and the means of preventing diseases have reached a high level.
- By the 7th century, great progress had been made in the combination of Tibetan medicine's medical theory and medical practice. At this time, the Tibetan King Songtsan Gampo basically unified the Tibetan Plateau, married with the Tang Dynasty and repaired it, welcoming Princess Wencheng into Tibet. At that time, there was a Capricorn monk from the Han Dynasty and a great translator from Tibet, Dharmokkar, who translated the "Medical Methodology" carried by Princess Wencheng into Tibetan and determined it. This was the first Chinese translation into Tibetan. It is a pity that this book has long been lost, but the essence of it has been collected in the Tibetan medical classic "Four Medical Books". In order to inherit and develop Tibetan medicine, Songtsan Gambo chose some Tibetan children to study the medical classics, and made great contributions to the development of Tibetan medicine.
- At the beginning of the 8th century, Zambu Chide Zudan married Princess Jincheng to Tibet. The princess carried a lot of medical books when she went to Tibet. Among them, the Mahayana monk from Han Dynasty and Tibetan Zelu Piluzhana co-translated the "Yuewang Medical Clinic" (Yizhe's "Therapy of the Moon King"), which is the earliest existing Tibetan medical work. During the period of King Chisong Dezan, "Famous Doctors in the Quartet" and "Nine Emperor Doctors in the Distance" appeared, giving Tibetan medicine unprecedented development. Among many famous doctors, Yutunningma Yundang Gombo is the most famous and the most successful. He has traveled to various parts of Tibet to collect and research folk medicine prescriptions. He also went to Nepal, India and other countries to study medical science. At the same time, he welcomed Chinese medicine and Nepalese and Indian doctors to enter Tibet to absorb excellent medical culture. On this basis, Yutunningma Yundan Gongbu wrote the "Four Medical Books", a world-famous Tibetan medical classic, marking the completion of a unique system of Tibetan medicine. By the beginning of the 13th century, Yudoma Yundang Gongbu, a descendant of Yutto Ningma, was studying Tibetan medicine, while studying the traditional Chinese medicine "Yuewang Pharmacy" and eight Indian medical theories. Supplementary determination to make it more complete and standardized.
- In the 14th century, there were strong Tibetans and Sukars who adopted different treatment methods due to different climates in the north and south, which promoted the development of Tibetan medicine theory. At this time, doctors from all over the world wrote books and said that there were many excellent medical codes and comments on the "Four Medical Codes".
- In the 17th century, the fifth Dalai Lama attached great importance to the development of Tibetan medicine. He once created Tibetan medical schools such as Drepung Monastery in Drepung Monastery, Xingtzeso Daily Pine Forest White Forest, Potala Palace Lamong Kok, and Samphumatang. . The first Sangye Gyatso of the fifth Dalai Lama made an indelible contribution to the cause of Tibetan medicine.
- In 1689, he completed the book "On the Four Medical Classics, The Blue Glaucer"; in 1690, he wrote the book "Secret Notes to the Secret Liao"; in 1703, he completed the book "Introduction to Medicine · The Magpie of the Immortals", and these works became many References for doctors' treatment and best books for studying medical techniques. Di Sang Jiejiacuo also based on "Yuewang Medicine Diagnosis" and his "Blue Glaze", "Introduction to Medicine", and the medical theory of the Qiangba School, and "Continuing Interpretations" transmitted by Randing Langje Dorje. Complementary and collating, the first medical Thangka wall chart 79. No.1 Sang Jiejiacuo attaches great importance to the cultivation of talents. In 1696, he founded Yaowangshan Qiqi Zhuopilin Medical College, and trained a group of medical talents. They wrote books, spread medical theories, and enjoyed a good reputation. Under the historical conditions, it has reached a high level of development of Tibetan medicine.
- During the 13th Dalai Lama, Tibetan medicine also developed to a certain extent. At this time, many well-known Tibetan scholars appeared, such as Karma Jimei Gisenger, Lama Jimei Chilley, Taiyi Wujian Danzeng Jiacuo, Dorje Jianzan, Zakang Ki Kham, Khampa Tuwang, and Chabuba Dangquban. Dan, Qin Rao Rob, etc. They compiled medical books, taught medical science, and promoted the inheritance and development of Tibetan medicine. Among these medical scientists, Master Qinrao Rob's merit is the most prominent. He has paid tribute to famous teachers, studied secret classics and astronomical calendars, and is familiar with the medical books based on the "Four Medical Books". He has written "Basic Continuation Plants · Medical Hidden Treasures", "Herb Specimen Collection · Wonderful Golden Spikes" More than a dozen books such as "The Law of Delivery, Lezhong Yuebao", "Summary of the Follow-up · Opening the Key to the Classic", "Follow-up Pulse-Checking Urine Supplement", "General of Bloodletting Therapy · Tongzi Language Decoration" and more.
Modern Tibetan Medicine
- In 1916, under the instruction of the 13th Dalai Lama, the Lhasa Medical College was established, and Master Qinrao Rob was appointed as the dean. Qinrao Luobu recruited his disciples to spread medical knowledge. There have been students from various temples, military camps, cursed divisions of the Tibetan area, Qinghai, Kham and other places, as well as students from countries and regions such as Bhutan, Sikkim, Ladakh, etc., who have more than a thousand disciples. In 1959, the former Lhasa Medical Computing Institute was officially changed to the Tibet Tibetan Hospital, and 77-year-old Master Qinrao Rob was appointed as the president of the Tibetan Hospital.
- However, several Tibetan medical institutions run by the Tibetan local government under the rule of the 14th Dalai Lama were very simple and small in scale. At that time, the Tibetan medicine business was concentrated in the medicine king mountain and medical academy in Lhasa. Before the peaceful liberation of Tibet in 1951, there were only 73 doctors and apprentices in this institution. The total area of the entire institution was only 367 square meters. A small outpatient department had only 10,000 outpatient visits a year, producing Tibetan medicine. 2500 kg. And this is mainly for the rulers of the upper class, the majority of serfs have no right to enjoy it. Coupled with private clinics and folk Tibetan doctors in agricultural and pastoral areas, there are less than 500 medical practitioners throughout Tibet. Tibet under the feudal serfdom system, whether it was a Tibetan medical school such as Drepung Monastery, Shigatse, Potala Palace, Lamong Kok, Sampnematang, etc., which was disbanded shortly after its creation, or later the Medicine King Shanli House and Lhasa Tibetan hospitals, all of them come from monks in temples in Lhasa, Shigatse and Shannan. Later, for the needs of the Tibetan army, in 1939, according to the instructions of the Tibetan local government, they recruited trainees from the Tibetan army camp on the basis of the original monk trainees. Therefore, with the exception of very few students from the society in the two medical schools, the rest came from major monasteries and Tibetan military camps. They trained medical personnel for monasteries and Tibetan military, and they failed to face the whole society. The doctors of the two medical schools can only rely on the income and charity of the temple manor, and the students from the barracks can only rely on the military staff. At that time, there was almost no decent medical institution in Tibet's huge agricultural and pastoral areas. When he was ill, he wanted to go to the towns for treatment, but he was trapped by a heavy burden and could not get timely treatment. In the event of an epidemic of infectious diseases, the vast majority of the Tibetan people can only take orders. According to statistics, in the 150 years before 1951, smallpox was popular four times in Tibet alone. A smallpox epidemic in 1925 killed more than 7,000 people in Lhasa. Two typhoid epidemics in 1934 and 1937 killed more than 5,000 people in Lhasa. In addition to treating people with diseases in agricultural and pastoral areas, in addition to treating them with some soil methods, they had to hold rituals, fight divinations, and pray for disaster relief. And those serfs who are poor and sick can only take their own lives.
Tibetan medicine modern
- After the peaceful liberation of Tibet in 1951, the cause of Tibetan medicine entered a new era and made great achievements.
- In May 1959, the Tibetan People's Government merged the original Yaowangshan Medical College with the Tibetan Hospital. In September 1961, the name of the Lhasa Tibetan Hospital was restored, and Master Qinrao Luobu was appointed as the dean, and his high apprentice Qian Baqilie as the vice president. The original comprehensive clinic was expanded to internal medicine, surgery, gynecology and pediatrics, acupuncture and moxibustion, dispensing room, etc., and the original Tibetan hospital mainly focused on training medical talents was gradually developed into a combination of medical care and talent training. , Outpatient medical treatment, agricultural and pastoral area inspection, medicine collection and pharmaceutical tasks. The Tibetan Medical Clinic Building and a ward with 32 beds were completed in 1965. This is the first branch clinic and the first inpatient ward in Tibetan medical history. In 1965, Tibetan medical experts co-authored a book entitled "Introduction to Tibetan Medicine", and also gave more than 300 herbs and raw medicinal materials with common international names.
- At this time, some old doctors wrote articles on gastric disease, kidney disease, gout disease, cold, cerebral hemorrhage, renal edema, women's disease, etc., based on medical theories and personal experience, and summarized them medically and theoretically.
- In 1974, when compiling the "National Dictionary of Medicine", the long-established and highly effective pill in Tibet, "Jaqi Dunpa (No. 7 of Iron Ends)", "Akajiu (Agarwood XV)", "Blowing Soup Day" Cloth "and other income dictionaries. In the same year, a 8-member Tibetan medicine research team consisting of old Tibetan medicine doctors was established in the Tibetan hospital. Based on collecting and sorting out ancient Tibetan medicine books that were lost and destroyed during the Cultural Revolution, they began to summarize the obvious effects of Tibetan medicine on several diseases. With clinical experience, the method of diagnosing and treating diseases through the combination of Tibetan medical method and western medical examination has achieved obvious curative effects.
- In 1975, the Tibetan Hospital Research Group wrote and published a book entitled "Newly Compiled Tibetan Medicine Formulas" for the then barefoot doctors. In 1976 and 1977, the Central Ministry of Health dispatched two working teams of Tibetan medicine and a filming team to shoot two scientific and educational films on "Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Tibet". The two members of the working group and the Tibetan medical scientist Mr. Qian Chilie worked together to compile 80 color medical wall charts and more than 4,000 photos of the appendix from the period of Sangye Gyatso, and compiled them into 4 albums of Chinese and Tibetan medicine. Scientific and artistic treasures of one value. In order to unify the allocation of Tibetan medicines, Tibet and Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Xinjiang provinces and districts held conferences in Lhasa and Xining in 1977, respectively, to quantify 174 single-agent medicines and 290 formulas for later Tibet. The production and use of medicines provide scientific basis.
- After the implementation of the reform and opening up policy in 1979, the cause of Tibetan medicine entered a whole new period of development. In April 1979, the well-known physicians Tu Danciren and Qiangba Chilie served as the editor-in-chief and deputy editor-in-chief respectively, and began to write the "Chinese Medicine · Tibetan Medicine Volume". At the same time, specialized personnel were organized to rescue and publish the precious medical codes, and successively published the "Four Medical Books" and its notes "Blue Glaze" and "Secret Notes".
- In accordance with the spirit of the Central People's Government regarding Tibet's efforts to develop Tibetan medicine and astronomical calendars, the original district of the Lhasa Tibetan Hospital was renamed the Tibet Tibetan Hospital on September 1, 1980. Since then, the Tibet Tibetan Hospital has become the center of medical care, teaching, scientific research, pharmaceuticals, and calendar. Since then, Tibetan medical internal medicine has made great progress in clinical research such as hypertension disease therapy and acupuncture in children's menstrual disease treatment.
- Since 1981, Tibetan hospitals (sections) have been established in various places and counties in Tibet. Regional Tibetan hospitals have been established in 5 regions of the 7 prefectures and municipalities in the autonomous region; 5 of 75 counties have county-level Tibetan hospitals. Hospitals, Tibetan medicine departments in 70 counties, such as: Tibetan Hospital in Shannan District, Qamdo
- Shigatse area
- In September 1981, the founding conference of the Tibetan Medical Association of China Medical Association and the first theoretical experience exchange meeting were held in Lhasa. The conference received dozens of articles about medical history, theory, clinical practice, various prescriptions, and scientific research achievements submitted by participating experts and physicians, which played a huge role in promoting the development of Tibetan medicine.
- During the first session of the Sixth Session of the National People's Congress held in June 1983, the famous Tibetan medicine practitioner Jambachile was selected as an intellectual and a representative of Tibetan medicine. In July of the same year, the second Tibetan Medicine and Chinese Medicine Association Experience Exchange Conference was held in Lhasa, and more than 80 papers were submitted.
- In August 1983, the Tibet Vocational School of Tibetan Medicine was established in Lhasa, and many excellent medical workers have been trained over the years.
- In 1985, the people's government decided to grant Tibetan medical qualifications to those who passed the exam at Yaowangshan and the Lisuan University before 1959; Those who have undergone medical calculations and graduates are also given a college degree, and the treatment of these old Tibetan medical workers has been improved, reflecting the care of the people's government for the old Tibetan medical workers.
- In August 1985, the inpatient department of Tibet Tibetan Hospital was officially completed. The inpatient department was built by the People's Government of the Autonomous Region with more than 11 million yuan, with a total of 150 beds.
- In August 1987, the Tibetan People's Publishing House published a colorful Chinese-Tibetan Thangka wall chart of the "Four Medical Books", which contributed to saving this motherland's medical treasure.
- In the summer of 1988, he gave a book entitled "Introduction to Medicine · Immortal Magpie" to young and middle-aged doctors in Tibetan hospitals, and opened a way for inheriting and developing this medical history document.
- Starting in April 1989, a number of small and medium-sized operations were performed using a combination of Tibetan and Western medicine, laying a good foundation for the further development of Tibetan medicine.
- In September 1991, the identification of raw medicinal materials was held. The number of hospitals and the number of people living in different places has increased significantly. The directors of Tibetan hospitals in Shigatse, Shannan, Naqu and other regions were invited to visit and study.
- At the meeting, Naqu Tibetan Hospital introduced more than 100 kinds of medicinal minerals collected in northern Tibet for a long time. As many as 600 drugs (including plants, animals, ores) were identified this time, which are very rare in the history of Tibetan medicine, and have played a positive role in continuously enriching Tibetan medicinal materials.
- In December of the same year, at the National Outstanding Medical History Achievement Exhibition and the selection of outstanding medical reference books, the Tibetan medicine Tangka wall chart of the "Four Medical Books" won the gold medal, "<Four Medical Books> Plants · Ruyi Treasury" won the silver medal, and The Biography of Medical Masters won the Excellent Award.
- In June 1992, with the assistance of the Swiss Red Cross, Shannan Qiongsongzan Tibetan Medical School was founded. Prior to this, with the support of the association, the Shigatsebe Tibetan Medicine School was created. The students of these two schools all come from remote and remote areas of Tibet. After completing 6 years of studies, they return to their original places and engage in medical work.
- Since the 1990s, Tibetan medical practitioners in Tibet have traveled abroad for medical exchanges many times. For example, in March 1990, the famous Tibetan medical doctors such as Master Cuo Cirang and Mr. Jambachile went to Japan for academic visits. In December 1992, the famous Tibetan medical scientist Jangpa Chilley and his three went to the United States for academic exchanges. During the exchange, the two sides discussed some peculiar phenomena in human medicine and medical issues of common concern, as well as many interesting issues such as the Tibetans' survival on the plateau, and increased their understanding of medical technology and medical theories. Promote academic exchange.
- Tibet Shenhou Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. was formally established in 1992. Its predecessor was Tibet Nielam Tibetan Medicine Factory, which is a collective enterprise. It is the first batch of manufacturers of finished Tibetan medicines to obtain national GMP quality certification.
- Tibetan medicine not only treats the Tibetan people, but also treats people of all ethnic groups in China, even foreign patients. In November 1992, the Tibetan Hospital of Shannan District, Tibet, and the China Tibetology Research Center co-founded the Beijing Tibetan Hospital. At the end of 1994, they opened a Tibetan medicine clinic at the Hedong Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital in Tianjin. Tibetan medicine's unique secret recipe, superb and good curative effect, has won praises from patients in Beijing and Tianjin, as well as at home and abroad. Since the opening of the Beijing Tibetan Hospital in 1994, the Tibetan Medical Clinic of the Hedong District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital in Tianjin has seen 300,000 patients from the country and around the world over the past two years. Medical workers from more than 30 countries including Germany, Italy, and Israel also visited and studied here.
- In September 1993, representatives of the Editorial Board of the National Drug Dictionary, the Office of Drug Standards of the Central Ministry of Health, and drug testing laboratories in Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan, Xinjiang and other places gathered in Lhasa to convene a working conference on Chinese Tibetan drug standards The work of setting the standard for Tibetan medicine was demonstrated, and the modern scientific methods of Tibetan medicine with a long history and remarkable curative effects were demonstrated.
- In August 1994, the Central Committee held the Third Tibet Work Conference. After the meeting, Jiangsu Province decided to undertake the expansion project of the Tibetan Hospital Pharmaceutical Factory in the Tibet Aid Project, and allocated 53 million yuan (about 6.6 million US dollars) as the construction cost. All these fully demonstrate the country's attention and care for the cause of Tibetan medicine.
- In short, Tibetan medicine is a science with a long history, unique characteristics and remarkable curative effects. It is an ethnic medicine formed by the Tibetan people's long-term struggle with various diseases in a complex natural environment. It is an important component of the Chinese medical treasure house. Today it is borrowed and combined with many advanced medical systems, and it will and will better serve the health of the Tibetan people and the people of the world. The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage.
- On May 20, 2006, the Tibetan Medicine was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists.
- On June 5, 2007, as determined by the Ministry of Culture, Qiangbachi of the Tibet Autonomous Region was listed as the representative inheritor of this cultural heritage project and was included in the first batch of 226 representative inheritors of the national intangible cultural heritage project. List.
- On January 7, 2009, 500 million yuan in Tibet supported the development of Tibetan medicine and other advantageous industries.
Tibetan medicine principle
- Tibetan medical theory believes that drugs are related to the five elements, and their sex, taste and effectiveness also originate from the five elements. The earth in the five elements (earth, water, fire, air, and air) is the source of biological growth; water is the sap of growth; fire is the heat source of growth; gas is the driving force for growth and operation; air is the space for biological growth. Without one of the five elements, the organism cannot grow. This illustrates the unified relationship between drug growth and the natural environment. At the same time, it is pointed out that: the medicine with a strong soil and water tastes sweet; the medicine with a strong soil and fire tastes acid; the medicine with a strong water and fire tastes salty; the medicine with a strong water and gas tastes bitter; The drug is astringent. Tibetan medicine's clinical application is based on the dialectical principle of the six flavors, eight sexes and seventeen effects of the medicine.
Tibetan medicine Liuwei
- That is sweet, sour, salty, bitter, bitter, astringent. The six flavors of the drug have different effects on the treatment of disease. In general, sweet, sour, salty, and pungent can cure rheumatism; bitter, sweet, and astringent can cure rickettsia; pungent, salty can cure bacon disease. It also points out the role and excess of each fault individually. For example: sweet taste has the effects of enhancing physical strength, nourishing qi and solid foundation, improving skin tone, prolonging skin longevity, relieving breasts, relieving sore muscles, and curing rhododendron disease. Excessive use will breed bacon disease and fat, and reduce negligence. Sweet taste can cure Rhododendron disease, but in addition to sweet taste Chen Qingyu and animal meat in dry areas, most sweet taste is easy to breed bacon disease, but only wild beef, fish, mutton, and honey are beneficial to cure bacon disease.
- Changes in the taste of the medicine after digestion: The medicine enters the stomach and can be used to change the original taste by digestion and decomposition of the stomach. For example, the two medicines, which are sweet and salty, are reduced to sweet after preliminary bacon digestion. The sour taste is reduced to sour taste after digestion in the middle stage. The bitter, spicy, and astringent flavors are converted into bitterness after digestion by the fire wind in the later period. After digestion, the medicinal effect is that sweet taste can cure rump and rye disease; sour taste can cure bacon and rump disease; bitter taste can cure bacon and herba disease.
Tibetan Medicine
- That is heavy, moist, cold, dull, light, rough, hot, sharp. Those with medicinal properties "raw, moist, cold, and blunt" can cure rheumatism and rickettsia; those with medicinal properties "light, rough, hot, sharp" can cure bacon disease.
Tibetan medicine seventeen effects
- That is to say, the drug has 17 kinds of effects such as soft, raw, warm, moist, stable, cold, dull, cold, soft, thin, dry, dry, hot, light, sharp, rough, and mobile. Each drug has a fixed sexual taste and effect. The masters must be compatible according to the seventeen effects.
Tibetan medicine treatment
- It is two opposites, the opposite sex, one is medicinal, the other is disease. Such as cold and heat, cold disease is treated with heat medicine, fever disease is treated with cold medicine.
Tibetan medicine "Zuo Mo"
Tibetan medicine
- As an important component of Tibetan medicine (also translated as: Zuotai, Zuotai, Zuotai, etc.), many people do not know much about it. " Zuo Mo " is the abbreviation of Tibetan "Renqing Ouqu Zuzhu Qinmu". "The record of" Zuo Mo "first appeared in India in the 6th century AD. According to legend, a master of Brahmin in South India successfully refined it, and it is said that he had achieved positive results by taking this medicine for a long time. Later, in the second half of the 13th century AD Ye, Ren Qin, a disciple of the Karma Kagyu Black Hat of the second generation of the living Buddha in Tibet, a great Tibetan victor in China, traveled to Nepal and India to learn and translated the legacy of the Indian master who refined " Zuo Mo " 600 years ago. As a result, after all hardships, he finally introduced all the methods of refining secrets and his own practical experience into Tibet.
- Successful "Zodiac" Refined by Tibetan Medicine Factory
- According to foreign research reports, the "Zuotai" process has been lost in India where it originated. Xianlu Tibetan Medicine (Tibet Changdu Tibetan Medicine Factory) is located in the interior of Tibet. The craft has been successfully selected into the national intangible cultural heritage.
Tibetan medicine other explanations
- "Sit on the stage" is the abbreviation of Tibetan "Ren Qing Ou Qu Zuo Zhu Qinmu". "Make" refers to refining, and "Taiwan" refers to ash and powder, which means calcination to ash. "Sit on the stage" is a non-toxic, peculiar curative medicine made by famous Tibetan doctors of all ages through special processing of highly toxic mercury. The Tibetan medicine "Zotai" contains eight metals, eight minerals, and hundreds of raw materials in addition to mercury. It is a special processing technology with the traditional representative of Tibetan medicine.
- "Sit on the stage" is known as "Baozhongbao" in Tibetan medicine. It is the king of manna extract with unique curative effects after precious minerals have been processed by special doctors with great difficulty. station". "Sit on the table" has strange effects on stroke, hemiplegia, nerve injury, heart disease and other difficult diseases. No illness is nourishing and strengthening.
Tibetan medicine classification
- Tibetan medicine is divided into eight categories, six flavors and seventeen effects. Eight properties divide Tibetan medicine into eight kinds of light, heavy, moist, rough, sharp, blunt, cool, and hot; Liuwei divides Tibetan medicine into six flavors of sweet, sour, bitter, bitter, salty, and astringent. They believe that Gan can nourish, acid can help digestion, bitterness can reduce fire and biliary, Xin can dehumidify and remove cold, salty can warm the stomach and eliminate deficiency, and astringent can be combined with various flavors; the seventeen effects summarize Tibetan medicine to be soft, heavy, Seventeen kinds of effects: warm, moist, stable, cold, blunt, cool, soft, thin, dry, dry, hot, light, sharp, rough, and moving. For example, one of the "dragon" diseases is "light" in nature, showing an uneasy mood and a stunned expression. Tibetan medicine uses "heavy" potency drugs to treat it. And so on.
Tibetan Medicine Processing
- Tibetan medicine has always attached great importance to the selection of raw materials for Tibetan medicine. Among the processing of Tibetan medicine, the processing of mineral medicine is the most amazing. Through special processing methods, iron filings are soaked in plant potions for 3-5 days, and they will turn into yellow mud-like substances. After processing, gold can also turn into black gold charcoal, becoming an indispensable ingredient in treasure drugs. The processing of various precious Tibetan medicines is very rigorous and a difficult technique. In particular, the alchemy process technology of making the king of manna essence "sit on the platform".
- Looking at the history of alchemy for more than 2,000 years, there are only a few famous doctors with the most historical influence who can make "sit on the stage". Before the peaceful liberation of Tibet, only a few famous doctors at the Lhasa Tibetan Hospital and Yaowangshan could practice "sit on the platform", and the rest of the Tibetan area has been lost. After the peaceful liberation of Tibet, the party and government attached great importance to the medical and health undertakings of the ethnic minorities, and long-term support in various aspects, including human, material, financial, and policy, has greatly developed the conditions for Tibetan medical and medical facilities, as well as production and processing conditions.
- The enthusiasm of Tibetan medical workers in the Tibetan area increased, and this stunt that faced with the lost tradition was quickly rescued. At the same time that Tibetan medical institutions were gradually established in the Tibetan area, various pharmaceutical technologies were trained, trained, trained, Various methods such as invitation and exchange were inherited. The processing and processing of Tibetan medicinal materials is based on the needs of clinical treatment and preparation. Various processing and processing of drugs are performed. The purpose of processing is to remove impurities and non-drug parts, eliminate or reduce the toxicity of drugs, change or ease the drug's properties and efficacy, and improve The clinical treatment effect is convenient for preparation and storage. Common processing methods are:
- 1. Fire-making method; fire-making method includes five methods of calcining, scalding, and burning.
- (1) Calcination, for example: Conch is directly placed on the fire for calcination or garlic is placed in a can, the mouth is sealed, and it is indirectly calcined on an open flame.
- (2) Hot, such as cutting antelope horns into thin strips, burying them in the sand and heating them with fire. When the horns become slightly yellow and soften, remove them for future use.
- (3) Stir-fry, such as natural alkali, stir-fry directly into the iron pan, or add beans to the iron pan, and stir-fry with fine sand.
- (4) Heat, stir-fry, such as the hot-refined cold water stone and the same amount of natural salt from northern Tibet, stir-fry, then pour into the barley wine and cover it with stuffy overnight, then take it out for drying.
- (5) Boil, chop botanicals such as licorice and chop them, put them in a pot and cook them. After extracting the juice three times, filter the liquid medicine and put it back into the pot.
- 2. Water making method: There are three methods of water making: washing, washing and soaking.
- (1) Washing means washing impurities contained in the medicine.
- (2) Amoy, that is, the drug is repeatedly washed in clean water. After the medicine is precipitated, the upper floating water is removed, and the lower sinking medicine is taken for future use or repeatedly washed in clear water to remove impurities floating on the water surface. The medicine flows down with the water, and the stones deposited underneath are discarded. The medicine is then washed and dried for later use. This method is mostly used for the preparation of various seeds. (3) Soaking, such as soaking iron and other materials together in the dumplings, soaking for a certain period of time after it melts, drying it for future use.
- 3. Water-fire combination method: There are three methods of quenching, boiling and steaming.
- (1) Quenching, such as placing cold water stones in high temperature to burn medicine, and then immediately put into milk to quench the white medicinal mud that is completely dissolved, and dry it for future use.
- (2) Boil. For example, remove the horsehair from hair, put it in milk, cook it, and dry it for later use.
- (3) Steam, such as steaming the meat medicines that do not need to be detoxified.