Why Do Scars Form?

Scar is a very general concept, it is a collective term for the appearance and morphology of normal skin tissue caused by various traumas. It is a normal and inevitable physiological reaction in the natural healing process of wounds or wounds after human trauma, and it is also an inevitable result of the wound healing process. The essence of a scar is a kind of abnormal, imperfect tissue that does not have normal skin tissue structure and physiological functions, and loses normal tissue vitality. Scars not only damage the body's appearance, but also hinder the physiological functions of related tissues or organs, and even cause deformities.

[b hén]

"Scars" are physical, biological, chemical and other factors that damage human skin and soft tissues, causing severe damage to the skin and soft tissues that cannot be completely repaired on their own. The replacement of fibrous tissue for repair is a local symptom that affects both appearance and function . "Scars" bring huge physical and mental pain to patients, especially scars left after burns, burns, and severe trauma. The years of scar hyperplasia have almost made patients miserable. The subsequent atrophy period made the patient completely unrecognizable and dysfunctional, resulting in great physical and mental dual obstacles.

Overview of scars

Scar pathological scar concept

Scar is a very general concept, it is a collective term for the appearance and morphology of normal skin tissue caused by various traumas. It is a normal and inevitable physiological reaction in the natural healing process of wounds or wounds after human trauma, and it is also an inevitable result of the wound healing process. The essence of a scar is a kind of abnormal, imperfect tissue that does not have normal skin tissue structure and physiological functions, and loses normal tissue vitality. Scars not only damage the body's appearance, but also hinder the physiological functions of related tissues or organs, and even cause deformities.

Leg scar

Pathological scars, also called abnormal scars, are relative to normal scars. Generally, hypertrophic scars (HS) and keloids (K) are collectively referred to as pathological scars. Scars that are similar in texture to the surrounding skin are called normal or mature scars. Pathological scar is a fibrotic disease of the skin caused by excessive production and deposition of a large amount of connective tissue matrix such as collagen.

Scars are important and harmful

Scars are an inevitable product in the process of repairing human wounds. In a broad sense, there is no healing of wounds without scars. The main component of scar tissue is fibrin. The production and deposition of scar tissue collagen increases the strength of the wound and is beneficial in a general sense. If the scar tissue is not formed sufficiently, the damaged tissue does not get normal tension, which can cause many complications, such as the weak scar of the abdominal wall incision healing, which can cause the scar to re-open or the abdominal contents under the effect of intra-abdominal pressure. Objects gradually bulge outward to form abdominal wall hernias. Conversely, if scars are formed excessively, they can cause serious problems with appearance or function. The damage of a scar depends on its nature and characteristics, as well as its secondary fixation effect on deep tissues. Therefore, the scar is always an incomplete replacement compared to the tissue before injury. From a mechanical point of view, its resistance is weakened; from a nutritional point of view, it causes obstacles in the exchange of oxygen and nutrients; from a functional point of view, it causes deformities and dysfunctions of the damaged tissue. Destruction.

Scar features

Keloid bulge

Facial keloids

The surface of the skin is neoplastic, with a smooth surface, ruddy and shiny, often with dilated capillaries. Skin damage protrudes from the edges and crab feet deform. Skin lesions vary in size, shape, and stiffness, such as cartilage. The subjective symptoms often feel strangely itchy, uncomfortable, or have a painful, burning sensation. Due to the acute pain, it may be sensitive to the conduction of nerve endings or the formation of microneuroma, and even the light touch of clothing and so on may feel pain. The development is relatively slow, and most of them continue to grow. Some scar epidermis and surrounding tissues are shiny and slightly white. Rarely retreat spontaneously, with occasional malignant changes. Keloids occur on the chest, shoulders, neck, back, and auricles, and are rarely found on the eyelids, palms, plantar feet, and external genitalia. Although keloids are more common, the cause is unknown so far, which makes treatment difficult. How to inhibit the crazy proliferation of fibroblasts, prevent their recurrence and continue to grow has become a difficult problem in today's medical community. The current treatments are as follows: surgical resection, grinding, laser, radiation, local sealing, freezing and so on. A single treatment often fails to achieve satisfactory results and easily worsens the affected area. For example, the recurrence rate of surgical resection is high, laser closure is often painful, and there are a variety of symptoms, irregular menstruation in women, impotence and obesity in men. Skin abrasion, lasers, freezing, etc. cannot prevent recurrence, which makes many patients and doctors feel very difficult. Many doctors even respond to patients saying, "Keloids are more difficult to treat than cancer." In fact, this view is quite one-sided. Keloids and hypertrophic scars are an important complication of trauma and trauma. There are many causes of scars, such as: burns, trauma, trauma, acne (acne), ear holes, and injections can be formed. Different degrees of scar hyperplasia and keloid. Its expected measures are mainly before the formation of scars and the immature stage between them. The main purpose is to remove as many factors as possible that cause scar hyperplasia, reduce the growth of scars, and prevent various deformities and dysfunctions caused by scars on the body.

Scar, scar, physique

The proportion of people with scar constitution is very small in the crowd. It shows that after the wound heals, the surface scar continuously increases, which not only affects the appearance, but also local pain, red itching, and scar shrinkage also affects functional movement. It is because there are relatively few people with scar constitutions, and because keloids are currently examined by few methods, people with long keloids are also called scar constitutions. There is a difference between scar constitutions and keloids, and those with scar constitutions have damage to most parts of their bodies. Later, scars like keloid scars can heal. In other words, keloids are an inevitable manifestation of scar physique, and those with keloid scars do not necessarily belong to the scar physique. The physical appearance of scars is spontaneous. The most common sites are the chest and scapula. The scars on the surface increase continuously, the color is red, hard, and the pressure fades. It protrudes on the surface of normal skin. Females have a higher incidence than men. It not only affects the appearance, but also has a local itching sensation. Hypertrophic scars are different from keloid physiques. Hypertrophic scars are characterized by wound healing that is convex to normal skin, hard, red, and sometimes itching, especially if it is spicy. Stimulate food, especially after drinking. However, if it grows to a certain degree and has passed the proliferative period, if it does not stimulate the scar site, it is less likely to continue to expand. The scar body, its body-prone site, or any cause of damage will cause infinite proliferation.

Classification and manifestations of scars

Histological classification and manifestations of scars

Hypertrophic scar

Foot scar

Such scars mostly occur after healing of deep burn wounds. Reticular proliferative scars are also common in the sutures around the skin after skin grafting in a third-degree burn. In addition, the most common incision scar after any incision is sutured also belongs to this category.

Hypertrophic scars are characterized by prominent surfaces, irregular shapes, uneven heights, flushing, congestion, and firmness. Have burning and itching sensations. Hypertrophic scars are manifested in increased ambient temperature, emotional agitation, or worsening symptoms when eating spicy food. Hypertrophic scars often last for months or years before they gradually degenerate. This kind of scar is characterized by: early local swelling and congestion, its tissue structure is covered by a layer of atrophic epithelial cells, the middle layer is vasodilatation, and there is inflammatory cell infiltration, the bottom layer is less collagen fibers and a large number of Connective tissue hyperplasia. These scars are higher than the skin surface, and they become thickened and hardened early, and the capillaries become red or dark red. The base of the scar is generally not adhered to deep tissues, can be pushed, and has a small contractility. Most of them do not cause serious dysfunction, but it affects beauty on the face and exposed parts, so it is often necessary for treatment.

Keloid

Keloid is essentially a connective tissue tumor on the skin, which is characterized by its persistent and strong proliferation.

Keloid

Scars, often manifested as a crab foot-like infiltration to the surrounding healthy skin, the lesions bulge out of the skin, are uneven, irregular in shape, hard and tough, and it feels strange and itchy.

Keloid Features:

Systemic factors may play a major role, especially specific physical fitness factors, which sometimes show genetic characteristics. Keloids in these patients often have no obvious relationship with the severity of skin damage, and even minor trauma, such as mosquito bites, vaccination and other needle stick injuries can form keloids.

Racial differences: According to statistical analysis, the incidence of keloids in dark-skinned and light-skinned races is 6-9 times higher. May be related to the abnormal metabolism of melanocyte hormones.

Remarkable predilection sites: Common in sternum, shoulder deltoid muscle, auricle, lower jaw, upper back.

The lesions are long and prolonged for many years. As the lesions progress, the scar gradually infiltrates the surrounding normal skin beyond the original base.

After simply performing surgical resection and suture treatment, it is easy to relapse, and the more proliferative, the larger the scar area, the faster the growth rate. It cannot be removed surgically.

Keloids occur on the upper neck, ears, chest, shoulders, and upper arms. Women's sternum is the most common site, which is related to the weight of both breasts and breathing movements.

At present, the cause of keloid disease is unknown, and may be related to the existence of specific qualities in individual human bodies, the so-called scar constitution. In addition, chronic infection and chemical stimulation are also a pain factor. It is also related to familial inheritance.

Superficial scar

This refers to a kind of scar on the superficial layer of the skin. It is mostly caused by mild abrasions or superficial burns (superficial dermis). Its appearance is slightly different from normal skin, and the surface is rough or has pigment changes. Generally there is no dysfunction. , Over time, the scars will

Superficial scar

It is not obvious, so this kind of scars generally do not need to be treated.

Atrophic scar

It is the most unstable scar tissue, also known as unstable scar. It is common in large-scale burns, especially wounds deep in the fat layer, and wounds are healed only by peripheral epithelial cells without skin grafting. In addition, chronic ulcers on the calf or other parts are cured after long-term treatment, which is also a scar of this nature. The characteristics of this scar are: the scar has a thin epidermis, a flat surface, poor local blood circulation, a bright white color, and a hard base. Because its surface layer only covers a layer of atrophic epithelial cells, it cannot withstand external friction and is often easily damaged

Atrophic scar

The formation of ulcers is generally difficult to heal and can lead to malignant changes over time. Because such scars often adhere to the underlying muscles, nerves, and blood vessels, and have great contractility, they can cause normal tissue to be pulled or cause more severe dysfunction than proliferative scars.

Since this scar is very destructive, care should be taken to prevent it, and skin grafting should be done early and not allowed to heal itself.

Contracture scar

Contracture scars are scars named after the dysfunction they cause. It is more common after the deep burn heals, because of the shrinkage of the scar, it often leads to changes in shape and dysfunction. Long-term scar contracture can affect the development of bones, muscles, blood vessels, nerves and other tissues and should be treated early. Clinically common deformities caused by scar contractures include ectropion, lip eversion, palatal chest adhesions, hand scar contracture deformities, and flexion or extension contracture deformities of various joints. Among them, the strip-shaped scar contracture on the flexion surface of the joint. If the skin and the subcutaneous tissue on both sides of the contracture scar can be gradually extended over a long period of time, it becomes a web-like scar contracture, which is called a web-like contracture scar. Larger webbed scars are common in the front of the neck, armpits, elbows, ankles, etc. The smaller ones are found in the medial condyle, lateral condyle, nasolabial sulcus, mouth angle, finger webs, etc. Body surface opening

Contracture scar

Appears in a ring shape, causing its caliber to be narrow and affecting normal function. Web-like contracture scars can be repaired by Z-plasty principle.

Sunken scar

When scar tissue causes a concave deformity on the body surface, it is called a concave scar. Common scars after smallpox, chickenpox, or acne, can also be seen in patients with trauma and skin infections. Simple depression scars are just linear scars and low depressions in their areas. Extensive depression scars can be combined with subcutaneous, muscular, or skeletal tissue defects. The base of the scar is stuck to deep muscles or tendons. To correct this deformity,

Sunken scar

But to deal with the scars on the skin, but also to use different methods to repair the defect according to the severity of the depression to restore the normal shape.

Scar surgery scar

Surgical scars are left after surgery, which is inevitable. The choice of surgical incision will affect the surgical effect and the shape and depth of the surgical scar. Therefore, choosing the correct surgical incision during surgery is still a good basis for eliminating surgical scars in the future.

Scar cancer

Scar tissue can become malignant and become scar cancer. Scar cancer mostly occurs in contracture scars caused by burns. It often occurs in the adjacent parts of the joint. Because the scar is continuously pulled by the joint activity, it is repeatedly ulcerated, and it will grow into cancer. The scar cancer can also originate in the scar tissue of the chronic ulcer of the lower extremity or chronic osteomyelitis. Scar cancers are mostly well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas. Lymphatic metastasis is common, and hematogenous metastasis is rare.

Classification of scar appearance

scar

1. Sinking scars are mainly caused by acne, infection, trauma, surgery and other reasons. After severe acne, worm-like and ice-cone-like concave scars can be seen, and smallpox-like concave scars can be seen after smallpox and chickenpox.

2. The raised scars are mostly proliferative lesions of fibroblasts in the dermal layer of the skin after burns, trauma, surgery or repeated infections. Visible red bulge, hard texture, smooth surface, may be accompanied by itching, keloids can also expand outwards like crab feet. Raised scars are rich in blood supply and have oxygen free radicals more than 2 times higher than normal skin and proliferating fibroblasts.

3. Healing scar refers to a kind of scar on the superficial layer of the skin, which is mostly caused by mild abrasion of the skin or superficial (superficial dermal) burns. Its surface is rough or has pigmentation changes (such as skin erythema, white spots or pigmentation), and generally has no dysfunction, but this type of scar affects the visual beauty.

4. Spontaneous keloids: no obvious inducement, which occurs on normal skin or is not noticed due to minor abrasions, causing the skin to appear sclerotic and gradually grow, the edges are irregular, expanding to the periphery, forming crab-footed or cricket-like, butterfly It is round, hard, pale or dark red, consciously itchy, and sometimes accompanied by paroxysmal or tingling pain.

5. Secondary keloids: Generally occur in skin burns, infections, trauma, and trauma. Such as: freezing, laser, mole removal, eyebrow washing, ear piercing, vaccination, skin grafting, cesarean section and other scar hyperplasia caused by various operations, which are higher than the skin color red or dark red, itchy, thorny Pain, eating spicy food, alcohol and other irritating foods, symptoms worsened.

Scars represent the traces of the skin that have been traumatized. This kind of trauma can be caused by trauma or necessary for surgery. It is only due to the different levels of trauma, the smoothness of the healing process, and the different positions of the wound on the human body. There are obvious differences in the size of scars. Especially with the progress of modern society, beauty not only represents a right, but also shows a respect for self. Scars are one of the most common problems in cosmetic and plastic surgery clinics. First, in addition to the effects of appearance, in fact, there are many scars that have uncomfortable itching, pain, and cracking. If scar contracture occurs, it will not affect the normal function of limb joints or facial features. These scars must be treated actively.

Scar

1. The scar on the face is near the facial features, which can cause deformation or limited function of the facial features, such as the corners of the eyes and mouth.

2. Scars in the joints of the extremities cause restricted movement.

3. Long and wide scars.

4. Hypertrophic scars.

5, sunken creases.

6. Scars with hyperpigmentation or prominent color that cannot match the color of nearby skin.

7. Scars that are not commensurate with the texture of the surrounding skin.

8. Scars with obvious uncomfortable symptoms, such as strange itching, burning, pain or surface ulcers.

Scar prevention

1. The first step in preventing scars is proper wound care. Regardless of trauma, burns, skin infections or surgery, scars will be produced after wound healing. Proper wound care can avoid the occurrence of abnormal scars.

2. After the wound is removed or the wound is healed initially, massage therapy and compression therapy are started as appropriate.

3. Apply pressure-sensitive adhesive tape or silicone sheet to the healing wound. The pressure-sensitive adhesive tape should be applied for 24 hours a day, and the silicone sheet should be applied for about 12 hours. To be effective.

4. Compression therapy can reduce the force of the wound to stretch outward, making the scar flatter and thinner.

5, massage therapy can soften hard scars, and has the effect of tissue expansion, can improve raised or contracture-prone scars.

6. For large-area wounds, you can consider the compression treatment of tight elastic clothing.

Scars TCM Scar Repair

Aiming at the scars left by burns and scalds, as early as thousands of years ago, in the Miao villagers in the Miao area, a cure for water and fire burns was realized very early. Due to the frequent migration of the Miao people in the early days, most of the places they visited were deserted mountainous areas and sloping villages. The natural conditions were very harsh. The Miao people mostly fired and planted water and worked all day. Under these specific conditions, they would inevitably encounter In the case of water scald, almost everyone can understand and master the method of treating water scald. This recipe is today's Miao Yao Shao Ling, which has undergone clinical use by generations of Miao doctors and has cured countless patients for thousands of years.

Water and fire scald burn refers to the burning substance and hot liquids, solids, gases, and currents that directly affect the human body, causing skin burns or burns, and even fire poisoning internal organs, often accompanied by flushing and edema, and the surface exudates a lot, and the wounds are red Burning, blistering, and scorching are the main injuries. Lighter damages the fur, and even muscles. In severe cases, the fire is poisonous. The wounds consume fluid, the evil poison invades the camp blood, and the internal organs attack the internal organs and cause various diseases. TCM repair of scars is a relatively safe, green, and no side effect treatment.

Scar surgery scar repair

4 most effective ways to treat scars

1. Scar removal and suture: It is a commonly used surgical method in the treatment of scars. Smaller scars can be used.

2. Skin grinding: It is a surgical method for grinding the epidermal layer and the dermal papilla layer to improve the irregular part of the skin surface, make it smooth and flat, and approximate the color. Adapt to acne, smallpox, chickenpox, shingles, eczema, trauma, burns or superficial scars left after surgery. If necessary, it can be performed at the same time as surgical scar removal, and the effect is better than simple grinding.

3. Local reshaping of scar release: For small strip-shaped, web-like scars with tension, the scar can be removed, and then the normal skin tissue around it can be used to form a flap, and the skin defect at the scar site can be repaired by cross-position. .

4. Scar excision and free skin grafting: Large proliferative scars can be surgically removed, and then free scars are cut from normal parts of the body and transplanted to the scar wounds to repair the scars and restore skin function.

Regardless of the type of scar repair procedure, it is important to follow your doctor's advice after completing the scar surgery. And nursing work after scar surgery.

5. You can use ginger, cut the ginger into two halves, and rub it back and forth on the scar. Do not use too much force, it can make the scar lighter and the surface smooth.

Scar preparation and related consultation

Unless only the superficial epidermis is injured, most skin trauma or surgical incisions will cause varying degrees of healing scars.

"Once there is a scar, there will be a scar for life." So far, the medical community has not been able to completely eliminate the scar. Now all the surgery, drugs and lasers can't make the scars disappear, but some degree of improvement can be done. Especially with the skill of plastic surgeons, I look forward to making patients happy.

Once a scar develops, the plastic surgeon can only repair the scar instead of eliminating the scar, so as to minimize the disturbance of daily life as much as possible, and take into account the requirements of functional reconstruction and aesthetic improvement.

Scars that cause limited motor function must be treated as soon as possible to avoid permanent damage to joint function.

Unsightly scars can usually be considered from three aspects, namely the size of the area, the degree of bulging and the color depth.

A small area of scar can be removed by surgery and carefully sutured, and some trimming operations are performed, so that wound healing can be completed with minimal tissue tension, and the scar becomes a linear scar.

If the scar is too large, it may have to be completed by multiple resections and complicated operations such as local or remote flaps.

The process of scar formation can be roughly divided into three stages, namely the inflammatory reaction stage, fibroproliferative stage and mature stage. Usually before immature, many preventive methods can be used to reduce the appearance of unsightly scars. Therefore, it is recommended to accept scar repair. Surgery is best done after the scar is mature and about six months after the wound is formed.

It is often seen that after a person's scar has been surgically removed for a period of time, not only does the scar reappear, but it is more obvious than before, indicating that this person has a constitution that is prone to "crab foot swelling", and is not suitable for rash treatment .

How to distinguish between "crab foot swelling" and "hypertrophic scar" must be determined by a plastic surgeon.

Scar rehabilitation clinic

Scars First Class

Compression therapy: Close the scar tightly to the beauty tape and massage it firmly on the spot to gradually smooth the scar. This method must last for more than 6 months to be effective.

2. Silicone film pressing method: Silicone film is applied to the scar. The initial time is eight hours a day. After the skin slowly adapts, it can be increased to 12 hours. It takes 6 months for good results. As for the mechanism of action of silicone tablets, Quinn believes that the chemical action of silicone oil (Silicon oil) is continuously released, while Swada and Son believe that the physiological effects of hydration and occlusion cause scar suppression. PS. The above 1.2 applies to the use of scar formation less than half a year. This method must be used under the condition that the wound is completely healed, without exudation or purulence, and a patch can be used.

Injecting steroids into scars: Use long-acting steroid preparations to directly inject into the scars to suppress excess collagen in the scars to achieve the effect of scar suppression.

Ketchum recommended dosage:

Dosage / Frequency

Adult 120mg once a month for 4 to 6 months

Child 40mg for 1-5 years

80mg for 6-10 years

Irradiation: Irradiation has been used in the past to kill, inhibit or transform fibroblasts in order to control excess scar tissue proliferation. At present, this method is reserved for patients with large-scale crab foot tumors that are ineffective for steroid treatment.

Other: The methods mentioned in the literature that can inhibit scars include:

o Vitamin A

o Vitamin E

o Inhibits collagen such as BAPN (Beta-aminopropionitrile), penicillamine, and colchicine

o Madecassol that inhibits myofibroblasts in crab foot tumors

o Zinc Oxide

o Antitumor agents: such as methotrexate (MTX)

o Immunotherapy: such as interferon and TGF-B inhibitors

Scar II: Laser

According to the principle of laser scar removal, it can be divided into two types:

o A microdermabrasion laser with carbon dioxide laser and Er-YAG laser can smooth scars, and superficial depressions can also use this principle.

o Depigmentation laser: Dye laser and pulsed light (photoderm) are used. Laser is the blood vessels and hemoglobin in the scar, which make the scar become lighter and gradually shrink. This kind of laser is especially suitable for scar formation. Half a year and the color is darker red.

Scar Category III: Surgery

The use of surgery to control scars is used when the scar has become stable (usually the scar has been formed for more than six months) and the shape is broad or indecent. Surgical methods include heavy suture removal, Z-shaped or W-shaped scar repair, and microdermabrasion. If the scar is too large, you can consider removing it in stages or placing a tissue expander for a period of time.

Scar Category 4: Laser Treatment

Laser has four characteristics: strong monochromaticity, strong directivity, large energy density, and good coherence. It is a new medical technology that is different from other medical technologies. There are many types of lasers used in the medical field, but not many lasers can be used to treat scars. It mainly uses the unique technologies of the laser itself such as cauterization, vaporization, cutting, coagulation, and defocusing irradiation. By directly changing the output power of the laser or adjusting the focused laser beam, it allows it to treat different scars with different characteristics. .

The laser treatment of scars is suitable for flat scars without obvious dysfunction, small depressions of uneven size, unevenness left over after the healing of smallpox, chickenpox, acne, bridge-like and redundant scars, and can also be used to treat hyperplastic scar And keloids.

Laser treatment of scars, if applied properly, generally does not appear to be dangerous, and very rarely, there may be local complications of scar formation and pigmentation, which are mostly caused by improper depth of treatment. Antibiotics should be taken orally for 3 days after laser treatment. Patients with a large treatment range should extend their medication time. Do not forcefully remove the wound after scabbing, wait for it to fall off naturally, avoid sun exposure and wind and sand stimulation after exfoliation.

Scars Category 5: Medication

Drug therapy is currently the safest method. There are many drugs for treating scars. At present, the most commonly used clinically available steroids with obvious effects but also obvious side effects, slow-acting silicon preparations and clinically less common anti-allergic drugs, Oncology drugs, immunosuppressants, etc.

Scar Category 6: Cryotherapy

Cryotherapy is the use of a low temperature below 0 ° C to freeze and destroy scar tissue to achieve the purpose of scar treatment. This method is suitable for flat scars without obvious dysfunction, depressions of varying sizes, different heights, and bridge-like and redundant scars left after healing of smallpox, chickenpox, and acne. This method is safe and easy to use, but it is best not to choose this method for patients with deep or excessive scars.

Scar Scar Concept

Rather than treating scars, it is better to prevent them.

The more severely wounded, the stronger the inflammation response, the more scars will form in the future, such as after burns and scalds, such as after severe limb crush injuries.

If the wound after trauma is repeatedly infected and inflamed, the scar after healing will be more obvious.

It is best to reduce the movement of the wound after surgery, otherwise it will affect the wound healing and stimulate the scar, which is the reason that the scar on the joints of the limbs is usually more obvious.

The younger the skin, the stronger the elasticity and the greater the tension, the scars produced will be thicker, redder, harder, and slower to fade. In the elderly, the conditions are opposite, and the epidermal tension is loose, so the scars generated are Not obvious.

The wounds after the operation must be well taken care of and the stitches should be removed in a timely manner to avoid sun exposure and the use of cosmetics or skin care products to reduce the pigmentation and irritation of scars.

Post-operative wounds, to avoid the occurrence of bad scars, must be appropriately pressured massage or using pressure-sensitive adhesives (such as the most commonly used paper tape or silicone sheet), but should not use excessive force to make the wound split.

Advertisements visible on the market-In addition to scar cream or secret herbal medicine, the actual effect is still to be confirmed by clinical medicine, please be careful!

Scars are the products left by the skin after wounds caused by trauma or surgery. They will remain on the skin forever, and it is difficult to remove them by external force. Through scar treatment and other methods, uneven or coarse scars can be beautified into small, bland and invisible scars, but it cannot be removed.

The correct scar treatment term should be "repair the scar" rather than "remove the scar".

Scar Scar Care

Daily Scar Care

In daily life, if you are accidentally burned or burned by water, fire, oil, etc., if the area is not large, you can immediately take 1 part of sugar, 3 parts of cold boiling water to make concentrated sugar water, and use cotton wool or a clean small towel with sugar water to gently Apply and press on the wound. If it is a finger or toe injury, immediately soak it in sugar water for 20 minutes. If it is too late to dispense with sugar water, you can also grab some sugar and apply it to the wounded area, and then use cold water droplets on the sugar to make the wounded area moist and wash it after 2 hours. If it hasn't healed, you can apply it with concentrated sugar water. Use syrup to treat scalds without foaming or scarring. The effect is good. First remove the heat source and soak your limbs in cold water until the pain disappears. You can also use wet towels or sheets to cover the wound and spray cold water up. Don't break the blisters. Scalds can be divided into first-degree burns (erythema, reddened skin, and hot pain), second-degree burns (blistering, blisters on the affected area), and third-degree burns (necrotic, skin peeling). For minor burns in a small area, it can be treated at home. After cleaning the wound, you can apply Jing Wanhong and Meibao moisturizing burn cream. For large-scale burns, they should be sent to the hospital for treatment as soon as possible. The treatment of burns is the most important. First, shave the hair in the wounded area and the surrounding area, and cut off the long nails. The healthy skin around the wound was washed with soapy water and water, and then disinfected with 0.1% Xinjieer liquid or 75% alcohol. The wound surface is cleaned with isotonic saline to remove foreign matter and dirt on the wound surface to protect the small blisters from damage, and the large blisters can be used to pump the bleeding foam with an empty needle. For broken blisters or heavy pollution, the foam skin should be cut off, and the wound should be gently rolled away with gauze, covered with a layer of liquid paraffin gauze or a thin layer of petroleum jelly, plus multiple layers of degreasing gauze and cotton pads. Bandaging, scalding can also use bandaging, exposure and so on. Scalds are often prone to infections, antibiotics should be added, and tetanus antitoxin can be injected.

Scar wound care

Skin damage will inevitably occur in daily life. Whenever this happens, people, especially women who love beauty, will always take care of the wound carefully, for fear of leaving scars and pigmentation. So how to protect the wound?

First of all, you must go to the hospital in time for the doctor to clean, disinfect, suture or bandage the wound. There are often people who worry that cleaning the wound will delay time, bleed more blood or wash the wound bigger, and even refuse to wash it just because of pain. In fact, carefully cleaning the wound is the most basic step to avoid leaving scars and promote wound healing. For example, after the trauma, if the skin is embedded with sundries such as dust and coal ash, if it is not cleaned, colored particles will remain in the skin and form unsightly dust stains. Disinfection is to prevent infection, which is also the key to avoiding local scarring, because the infection will cause damage to the lower layer of the dermis and the epidermis cannot be regenerated, so the defect must be filled by the proliferation of granulation tissue, which will leave scars. Similarly, the doctors and pustules should be treated scientifically by the doctor as soon as possible. Do not squeeze them by hand to prevent the inflammation from spreading to the deep. In addition, immediately after scalding, rinse with plenty of clean cold water to reduce the high temperature damage to deep tissues; do not disinfect facial wounds with iodine, otherwise it will cause pigmentation.

Scar surgery related scar repair

Side effects of scar removal:

1 skin redness

2 skin bleeding

3 skin allergies

Postoperative Scar Care:

1. Because the effect of anesthetic does not disappear immediately, there may be drowsiness after surgery. After leaving the hospital, pay attention to rest; do not drive vehicles or engage in high-altitude operations after surgery. When you sleep, you can raise the pillow higher;

2. Do not lift heavy objects or do strenuous exercise for five days after surgery;

3. Please follow the doctor's advice after the operation and take the medicine on time, which can reduce the discomfort after the operation;

4. Apply icy cold to the operation site for 3-4 days after the operation to facilitate swelling;

5. Avoid getting water on the surgical site within one week after the operation. After four days, you can wash your hair, but do not rub the hair too much.

6, within four days after surgery, it is best to avoid exercise. After four days, you can do light exercise; after ten days, you can increase the amount of exercise slightly; but for at least three weeks, you cannot perform vigorous body collision exercises;

7, avoid spicy food.

Scar scar repair method

Scar scar repair method one

Simple resection and suture method: Simple resection and suture scar repair method is suitable for small and medium-sized scars. Before the surgical scar repair, it is best to cut along the skin design. After the surgical scar repair, the skin scar is removed, and the wound is carefully closed with a small needle and thin line. Only a thin scar line is left after the surgical scar repair. Sometimes, for people with a slightly larger area and tight skin, you can also use scar removal. However, the first and second operations are usually separated by more than six months.

Scar scar repair method two

Scar removal and skin grafting: Larger scars cannot be sutured directly after the scar is removed, because there is not much normal skin in these patients. Taking facial scars as an example, surgical scar repair can be divided according to the natural shape of the face (frontal, upper and lower eyelids, nose, upper and lower lips, and lower jaw). Surgical scar repair can be supplemented with a whole piece of skin at a natural shape. How much the scar is removed determines how many parts of the skin are planted. There is also a surgical scar repair method suitable for patients with facial scars covering the entire face, that is, the entire facial scar can be removed at one time; a whole skin can be transplanted, which can avoid the formation of scars at the junctions during skin grafting and surgical scars. After repairing, the appearance is better than the skin grafting. The skin to be used is preferably a full-thickness skin or a skin with a subdermal vascular network, because after these two skins are transplanted and survived freely, the color of the face will not be too dark, and the cosmetic effect is better.

Scar scar repair method three

Using the flap method to repair scars: Because the flaps contain more subcutaneous fat tissue, in addition to being used to repair skin defects after facial scar removal, it also has the effect of protecting deep tissues. For surgical scar repair near some organs of the face, flap transplantation is also a more commonly used surgical scar repair method. For example, nasal wing defects, ectropion of the eyelids, and deformities of the corners of the mouth all require cosmetic surgery based on skin flap transplantation. After skin flap transplantation, the color is closer to the facial skin. Surgical scar repair can also be used for filling repair of some facial tissue depressions. In addition, the flap has better blood flow and higher survival rate than free skin graft. A commonly used surgical scar repair method.

Scar Scar Repair Recipe

small potato

Ingredients: 1/2 small potatoes

Steps: Cut the potatoes into thin slices and place them directly on the flawed skin. Remove and wash after 15 minutes.

It is usually used to treat the problem of excessive acne, which can remove dead cells and eliminate facial puffiness. It is suitable for oily skin with acne

There is another:

Ingredients: 1 green onion or several small green onions (as long as the white part of the onion), egg whites, a spoonful of flour or flour, a little water.

Method: 1 chop green onions until finely chopped, add an egg, and mix thoroughly

2 Pour out the adjusted liquid, add coix kernel powder or flour and stir well

How to use: Put the adjusted mask on the scar once a day, remember to use it at night, wash it off after 20-30 minutes, and then apply toner.

Efficacy analysis: 1) light on white, rich in vitamin C, whitening and scarring

2) Protein, barley kernel powder, make the bleaching function more effective

Suggestions for use: 1 This formula actually has a certain effect on body scars, and total facial acne scars are particularly effective.

2 If you are a super lazy person, you can also peel off the pale layer of light film while watching TV and put it directly on your scar.

Scar effect. For convenience, it is best to fix it with a band-aid.

3 If you use it continuously for a week, your acne scars will disappear, and even the original scars will fade a lot.

Note: Ginger can only inhibit the growth of granulation, and it has a small effect on new scars, but not on old scars. Ginger is irritating to the skin and may cause skin inflammation and allergies.

Scar skin scar repair

The formation of skin scars is the product of the skin's own self-healing of skin wounds. Why do some people have a particularly strong ability to repair wounds, even deep wounds and large-scale wounds can finally restore and restore their original skin without scars or only inconspicuous marks. Some people leave unsightly scars as long as there are wounds, and some also leave keloids, crawling on the skin like a red bug, and even leaving large meat balls. Most people will have scars when they have wounds. Some scars are pigmented, and some scars are bright. Some are white like white spots, black like black spots, some are uneven, some are hard, some are soft, and some are stretched. Site features deformed. There are many causes of scars, such as sores, chickenpox leaving pits, burns, burns, electric burns, falls, knife injuries, scars caused by car accidents, surgery, skin grafting, laser surgery, and liquid nitrogen surgery. , The scars left by dermabrasion, scratch scars, scars caused by allergies, and so on for various reasons. Although the reasons are different, the final damage to the skin is the same-scars.

When the body is traumatized, there is blood flowing out of the wound almost immediately, and the blood flowing out quickly forms a clot, which temporarily protects the wound. Within 72 hours, the new connective tissue is covered, and after that, the surface of the new connective tissue is covered by the new epithelium, and blood vessels and nerve fibers are grown inside, which is clinically manifested as scar healing. Therefore, scars are an important product of wound healing. Without scar formation, there is no wound healing.

Scars are an inevitable and necessary product in the process of wound healing. Wounds caused by various reasons need to rely on the formation of scar tissue to connect the wounds. The wound healing involves three steps:

The formation of granulation tissue fills the wound cavity and the wound surface is flat.

The centripetal contraction of the wound margin causes the normal skin around to move inward and cause the edges to suddenly interfere with each other.

(3) Epithelial regeneration, new epithelial cells originating from the skin epidermis of the wound are advanced towards the center of the wound, gradually covering the granulation tissue, forming skin scars, and eventually healing the wound.

There are four major characteristics of clinical manifestations:

Hypertrophic scar;

unstable scars;

cancerous scars;

Keloid.

After the skin heals, the scars continue to proliferate, that is, hyperplastic scars are formed. The formation of hyperplastic scars is mainly caused by the formation of a large number of collagen fibers. The scar quality (physical constitution) also shows genetic characteristics. There is no significant relationship between scar quality and the severity and degree of skin manipulation.

Scar Scar Repair Diet

Patients with keloids often experience scarring and itching, especially when they are not careful about their diet. According to skin repair experts, keloid diet must be light, eat more fruits and vegetables.

1. Don't eat too much: If you have signs of scars and are accompanied by itching, pain, stiffness, redness, hyperplasia, or contracture and deformation, keloid diet should be especially careful. Those fried fire moxibustion products; fat and thick taste; spicy and dry food, all prohibition. Because these foods can cause spleen and stomach stagnation and impair health function. It also increases blood flow, which creates conditions for the worsening of the scar.

2. Citrus foods should be fasted completely, so foods can obviously stimulate itching.

3. Don't be partial: Chinese medicine believes that medicine and food are homologous. Food also has cold, hot, warm and cool nature and sour, bitter, sweet, salty and five flavors. If there is a partial eclipse, it will cause the nutritional imbalance absorbed by the body, which is not conducive to the regression of scars.

4, no overeating: too much food, the spleen and stomach can be damaged to qi and blood biochemical insufficiency; too little food, it is easy to malnutrition, qi and blood will be insufficient. As a result, the righteousness is deficient and the evil is widespread.

5. Don't eat too much high-protein foods: High-protein foods can cause scars to bulge and cause scar hyperplasia. It is generally recommended not to eat too much.

Hair belonging to traditional Chinese medicine should also be taboo. Such as fresh bamboo shoots, beef and mutton, carp, crabs and so on. For other spicy foods, alcohol is also a taboo. There are also some different taboos, such as pumpkin, seafood, garlic, grapes, chicken, etc. are also taboo, but I thought that as long as you do nt have any unusual reaction to the scars on your body after eating certain foods, it should not be taboo. Range.

According to skin repair experts, of course, due to different personal constitutions, the reactions that may appear will be different. If you eat certain foods, the scar reaction is very strong, even kelp, it should be taboo. Keloid diets are firmly taboo about foods that have abnormal reactions.

Scar scar repair method

Scars have always been the enemy of people's beauty, and various causes in life can cause the formation of scars. Because of the scar, an otherwise pure and flawless skin has left its mark. Fortunately, there are more and more ways to treat scars. There are eight ways to treat scars:

1. Skin grafting

The skin grafting site feels numb, dull, and darker (2-10 years). If the donor site is thighs or scalp, hair will grow, so the skin grafting site is a scar, and the donor site will add a new scar. . Patients have a longer recovery period, more psychological stress, and higher costs. This method is mostly used for burn scars.

Laser treatment

Experts reminded: This method is not suitable for the treatment of any flat pigmented scars. It is suitable for scars without obvious dysfunction such as smallpox, chicken pox, and scattered depressions of uneven size after healing of acne. It can also be used for treatment Slightly proliferative scars.

3. Skin Dilator

The scar can be covered, and several dilators must be implanted in the body. Most patients have complications such as swelling and nausea. Adjacent organs are also susceptible to compression and deformation. Patients need to endure relatively large pains. Hematomas, impaired blood flow to the skin, and exudation of the magnifier may be exposed. In addition, good skin is more likely to be damaged due to thinning after expansion. Patients are more painful, surgery is longer, and the cost is relatively high. Postoperative scars may occur. This method is mainly used for burn scars.

Sacral resection and suture surgery and other surgical procedures: if the butt joint of the resection site is not handled properly, unevenness will appear. Using this method on the face may cause asymmetry, which will cause postoperative scars. This procedure can only be used for small scars.

4. Grinding

It is commonly understood that grinding is the use of a medical electric grinding wheel to polish a person's face or skin. The most important thing is the person who operates the machine. Therefore, higher requirements are imposed on the operator. Improper operation may cause secondary damage, that is, skin defects caused by heavy grinding, and light weight will have no effect. Due to the patient's physical relationship, the creation of new wounds often causes two Secondary raised scar. This method is mainly used for hypertrophic scars and acne pits.

V. Injection of Dexamethasone, etc.

This method mainly uses injection of hormonal drugs, generally smaller hospitals use this method. Patients are prone to rebound and recurrence and need to be used regularly for a long time. The advantage of this method is that it is effective, but long-term use of hormones may cause harm to the body and even cause infertility and osteoporosis. This method is mainly used for keloids and raised scars.

Six. Radiation

X-ray irradiation and isotope patches are mainly used for the treatment of severe patients. The characteristics are fast, but the disadvantage is that the body is damaged and incomplete treatment may cause tissue defects and pigment loss. It is mainly used to treat inflammatory hyperplasia and keloid.

Seven. Freezing

Because it is difficult to control the intensity and depth during operation, this method has fast curative effect, but the disadvantage is that it will cause great damage to the body, which may cause tissue defects, pigment loss, and uneven skin. It is mainly used for keloids, inflammatory hyperplasia and hemangiomas.

8. Chemical methods

It is very corrosive to the skin and may cause uneven skin. After treatment, tissue defects and pigmentation and pigment loss may occur. This method can be used for scars higher than the skin.

Scar movie of the same name

More foreign titles:

Scars ..... USA

Cicatrices

director:

Mehdi Salmi

screenwriter:

Mehdi Salmi .... writer

Starring:

Noufissa Benchehida .... Nora

Ahmed Boulane .... Dr. Amine Mansseur

Rita Ibnkhalidi .... Secretary

Video type:

Short film / Drama

Length:

16 min

country / region:

Morocco

Dialogue language:

Arabic / French

color:

color

Format:

35mm film anamorphic widescreen

Remix:

Dolby Digital Surround

all rights reserved:

(H Films)

Date of shooting:

May 18, 2009-May 24, 2009

camera:

Sony HDW-F900

Filming format:

HD

Print format:

35 mm

Scar scars charity

The Chinese Scar Angels Association was established in November 2011. Undergraduate Xue Hui called for the nationwide establishment of scar patients and acne patients.

The Association is a civil organization engaged in non-profit and non-profit social work. It is committed to promoting the society and the public to understand and respect other patients with physical appearance and scars, such as scars in plastic surgery. Equal rights in the fields of education, education, employment, etc., and promote the introduction of social security policies that are conducive to vulnerable groups such as scars and physical appearance.

At present, the family life of most scar patients is extremely difficult, and many families cannot afford the cost of scar repair surgery (orthopedic surgery) for patients with illness. The education of scar children and scar college students is also severely discriminated against and rejected.

Scar Potato Recipe

Potatoes are cut into thin slices and placed directly on the flawed skin. Remove and wash after 15 minutes. It is usually used to cure the problem of too much oil and acne. It can remove dead cells and eliminate facial puffiness. It is suitable for oily youth Acne skin

There is another kind: Material: 1 scallion or a few scallions (as long as the white part of the scallion), egg white, a spoonful of flour or flour, a little water.

practice:

1 lightly chopped green onions and finely chopped, add an egg, and mix thoroughly

2 Pour out the adjusted liquid, add coix kernel powder or flour and stir well

How to use: Put the adjusted mask on the scar once a day, remember to use it at night, wash it off after 20-30 minutes, and then apply toner.

Efficacy analysis: 1) light green, rich in vitamin C, whitening and scarring 2) protein, barley kernel powder, make bleaching function more effective

Suggestions for use: 1 This formula actually has a certain effect on body scars, and total facial acne scars are particularly effective.

2 If you are a super lazy person, you can also peel off the pale layer of light film while watching TV and put it directly on your scar. The effect of scar removal is achieved in ten minutes. For convenience, it is best to fix it with a band-aid.

3 If you use it continuously for a week, your acne scars will disappear, and even the original scars will fade a lot.

Note: Ginger can only inhibit the growth of granulation, and it has a small effect on new scars, but not on old scars. Ginger is irritating to the skin and may cause skin inflammation and allergies.

Finally, use a professional scar-removing serum or olive oil.

Scar facial scar factor

1. Skin tension: Including external tension caused by the degree of skin tissue defect and the inherent tension of the skin tissue itself. Hypertension and active areas are prone to proliferative scars, such as the condyle, anterior sternum, deltoid muscle, upper back, elbows, hips, knees, ankle joints, and back of feet.

2. Age: Prone to occur in young people, especially in the age of 10-20 years, the highest rate of proliferative scars is mainly due to the vigorous growth of adolescent tissues, strong post-traumatic reactivity, and large skin tension.

3, skin pigmentation: pigmented human pigment cells are more susceptible to irritation, the incidence of keloids in blacks is 9 times that of whites; it is prone to occur during pituitary physiological activities such as adolescence and pregnancy.

4. Infection: Repeated infection, long-term wound exposure, excessive proliferation of granulation tissue, prone to proliferative scars or keloids.

5. Foreign matter falls into the wound: dust, talcum powder, fibers, and residual hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands can cause tissue reactions and cause scar hyperplasia.

6. Other factors: the angle between the incision and the skin is perpendicular to the incision of the skin, and the scar is the thinnest after healing; the larger the angle, the wider the dermis scar, and the more obvious the skin deformity. There is also the depth of the wound and the healing time of the wound.

Precautions for scar repair

1. Pay attention to skin cleanliness.

When the burn wound was just healed, there were still a small amount of secretions and medicinal fungus, and the bacteria were easy to multiply quickly. In addition, the epidermis was thin and tender, the structure and function were not perfect, and infection and rupture were easy to occur. During this period, you can use neutral detergents for cleaning, and after treatment, use anti-scar drugs.

2. Avoid excessive friction and excessive activity.

Due to the imperfect structure and function of the scar epidermis, the epidermis is vulnerable to damage, and some improper treatment may aggravate the injury. When applying anti-scarring drugs, it is not advisable to massage too hard or for a long time. This will cause the epidermis to separate from the fibrous layer to form blister or blood blister. Excessive movement of the joints will also cause the epidermis to loosen and blister.

3. Under the guidance of a doctor, take comprehensive measures to control scar hyperplasia and prevent contracture.

So far, there is no special method that can completely prevent the scar growth after burns, and the prevention and treatment of scars is still based on comprehensive treatment.

4, early prevention, perseverance.

The formation of burn scars can be roughly divided into proliferative phase, stable phase, and extinction phase. The duration of proliferative phase ranges from 3 months to 2 years, and most of them are about six months. However, due to various reasons, such as ulcers, pain, impatientness, or improper methods, some patients often cannot adhere to scar rehabilitation, causing scar hyperplasia and contracture.

5. Correctly grasp the timing of plastic surgery to prevent disability.

For scar contractures in functional areas, such as hand scars, eye scars, and jaw-neck scars, surgery should be performed as soon as possible after the scar is stable, especially for children, and early treatment should be performed, and plastic surgery can be performed in advance. Otherwise, it can cause joint and bone abnormalities and vascular nerve shortening, leading to disability.

Scar scar diagnosis and laboratory test

Common Scar Diagnosis Methods

1. Scar morphology Scars can be striped, round, oval, or irregular.

2. One or more scars.

3, scar color can be divided into slightly red, pink, red, purple, dark purple and other types.

4, scar texture can be divided into very soft, soft, slightly hard, hard, hard, or blisters and other types.

5, scar thickness can be divided into very thin, thin, slightly thick, thick, significantly thickened and other types.

6. Occurrence site Note that one or more sites can occur simultaneously.

7, the extent of the damage, pay attention to observe whether the scar exceeds the original damage, which is helpful for the differential diagnosis of scars.

8. Changes in body temperature over a large area of hypertrophic scars can reduce the skin's heat dissipation effect, affect the temperature regulation function, and increase body temperature.

9. Deformity state Check and record the deformity state caused by scars and the loss of body function.

10. Complications such as infection, ulcer, sinus and crypt.

Scar laboratory test

1. Determination of hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline is a characteristic amino acid of collagen. Hydroxyproline exists in plasma in three forms: free, peptide-bound and protein-bound. The determination of hydroxyproline in serum and urine can be used as One of the objective indicators to evaluate the effect of scar treatment.

2. Other scar hardness measurement, B-type ultrasonic scar thickness measurement, scar surface temperature measurement, percutaneous partial oxygen pressure measurement, vascular thermal stimulation relaxation index measurement.