What are the domain name systems?

Domain name systems are distributed database systems that translate between human names and IP Numeric Internet Protocol (IP). The most common domain name system is the system used throughout the Internet. This is called the "domain name" system and is also known by the abbreviation DNS. Its database extends globally on many thousands of domain names on the Internet. Web browsers are often used to determine the IP addresses of the website to be visited. Anywhere in the world anyone can write a universal resource locator (URL) into a web browser and end on this site. DNS allows users to link to the site simply using the domain name. This name remains the same despite the internet switching from the IP version 4 to the longer -term IP version 6 addresses.

The first domain name systems and DNSNA servers have been developed. The original protocols were published by Task Force Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) in request for KOmentáře (RFC) 882 and RFC 883. Software and protocols have been revised many times, mainly due to security considerations.

For domain name systems, in order to be really useful, each name must be resolved to a unique IP address. In 1998, an Internet company for assigned names and numbers (ICANN) was created for the management of this process. ICANN is a non -profit entity that oversees the distribution of domain names and IP addresses around the world. It also manages the assignment of specific ports and parameter values ​​for many Internet protocols, including DNS. 13 mirror servers that form the root of Internet DNS are also coordinated by ICANN.

Internet root servers include DNS servers for all the highest domain levels such as .com and .org. Each highest level server contains DNS database of all names and addresses in this domain. Parts of these DNS databases are also stored in cacheThousands of DNS resolvers located with Internet service providers. This alleviates most of the traffic load, which would otherwise be placed on high -level servers. Individual web browsers also include the cache domains visited to make a page search as quickly as possible.

Local networks that are isolated from the Internet can use their own domain name systems. They translate only the names and addresses that are on the local network. They often use DNS software and protocols that are similar or identical to the Internet implementation protocols. Some alternative DNS root systems exist online that are duplicates of existing Internet structures, but include more names. These pose a risk for stability and security of the Internet, as the domain name could be solved so that different systems about different systems.