What Are Native Queries?

The local network refers to an automatic telephone network composed of several end offices (or end offices and tandem offices), inter-office trunks, long-city trunks, and end-office subscriber lines in a long-distance numbered area. Also called local telephone network.

The main feature of the local network is that there is only one local network in a long-distance numbered area. Users on the same local network only dial the local phone number, while calling outside the local network requires dialing according to long-distance procedures.

The basic characteristics of the local network are the diversity of service types and the uncertainty of business flows. It plays a connecting role in the entire communication network. The quality of its construction directly affects the development of various services.

There are five types of local networks in China:

(1) Local telephone networks in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Guangzhou;

(2) Local telephone networks in big cities;

(3) Local telephone network of medium-sized cities;

(4) Local telephone network in small cities;

(5) County local telephone network.

(6) Regional websites by region

Local websites are often referred to as local websites by netizens. From the perspective of life: the same-city information exchange in the city or county area, and strong alliances with local major media, from meeting the needs of the local city, to An information exchange platform established to serve the development of the local economy, timely transmit various types of local information to the public, organize online product exhibitions and promotion of famous and excellent enterprises, promote famous and famous enterprises, and provide online information inquiry. This is not only a practical information book for local people's life, but also a window for the vast number of merchants to open up the market, increase their popularity, and promote their products. At present, there are a large number of local portal sites or forum community websites in each of our regions. The biggest feature of these websites is that they are based on local information exchange, so they have gradually attracted attention from netizens in recent years.

At present, the core network of mobile communications is rapidly evolving towards the direction of IP-wide network. The all-IP network's transparency of upper-layer service bearers conforms to the development concept of separation of services and bearers. This separated NGN (Next Generation Network) architecture has gradually become an inevitable trend in the development of telecommunications networks. At this stage, China Unicom's WCDMA network circuit domain networking mode is a hybrid GSM / WCDMA network, while the current GSM switching network and R5 version of the mobile core network, backbone network B network, in terms of network topology and routing organization There are some differences. Therefore, when carrying out network transformation, the development and evolution trend of the network should be fully considered, and the existing GSM switching network should be optimized and transformed by using soft switching technology in order to achieve the complete integration of the GSM / WCDMA network. This first needs to complete the IP of the signaling network and the IP of bearer voice services.

Local network NGN planning requirements

Here we take the Hefei Local Network ^[1] NGN plan as the goal and analyze the network construction requirements.

(1) MSC SERVER / VLR

As one of the four major regions in the province, Hefei has built a total of 8 sets of softswitch MSC Server / VLR, accounting for 40% of the province's equipment. Two manufacturers' equipment are used, and the province's server is uniformly named.

Among them, Hefei serve1, 2, 7, and 17 are Ericsson equipment, and the backup method is MSC in Pool with a total capacity of 2.294 million. It provides call control and mobility management functions for the mobile network in Hefei, Luzhou, Bengbu, and Huainan:

Hefei server3, 4, 5, and 6 are Huawei equipment, with a backup method of 3 + 1, a main capacity of 1.82 million and a reserve capacity of 730,000, providing mobile networks in the three business areas of the original Chaohu (Juchao and Lujiang), Wuhu, and Lu'an. The purpose of call control and mobility management.

(2) MGW

Hefei has three Ericsson MGW sets and two Huawei MGW sets with a capacity of 1.425 million (including Juchao and Lujiang 412,000) to carry Hefei regional business.

(3) HLR

Hefei currently has two sets of Ericsson HLRs: the original Hefei HLR2 has a capacity of 1.97 million households, and manages mobile network users belonging to the original Hefei area. Fuyang REDHLR2 is used as a disaster recovery device to form a 4 + 1 disaster recovery system; the original Chaohu HLR capacity is 1.61 million, and management ownership Mobile network users in the original Chaohu Lake and Luzhou area use Hefei REDHLR 1 as a disaster recovery device to form a _5 + 1 disaster recovery system.

(4) BSC

Hefei currently has five Ericsson BSC sets covering 2G services in the original Hefei area; another Huawei BSC set covering Juchao Lujiang 2G services. 2G business traffic is about 14,000 Ireland when busy.

(5) RNC

Hefei currently has five sets of ZTE RNC, covering the original 3G business in Hefei; another set of Huawei RNC, covering Juchao Lujiang 3G business. 3G business traffic is about 2500 Ireland when busy, and data traffic is about 48Mbps.

Local network business development status

1) Analysis of market environment and competitors

The overall business development of the telecommunications industry in Hefei has shown a steady trend. In recent years, due to the impact of the rapid development of the overall industry and 3G, communication users have developed rapidly. In 2011, the number of mobile users reached 3.24 million, of which 3G users reached 357,000; broadband users reached 41. Million households. However, due to the downward trend in telecommunication business tariffs, the growth rate of the main business income of the telecommunications industry is not as high as the growth rate of users. In 2011, the main business income of the telecommunications industry in Hefei City totaled 2.83 billion yuan.

In general, Hefei's mobile communication business development opportunities and challenges coexist. Especially in 3G, the competition between the three operators for the market is becoming fierce. On the one hand, users are growing rapidly, and on the other hand, ARPU is decreasing. Both network coverage and capacity have put forward higher requirements, and network capabilities have become one of the core competitiveness.

From the perspective of the market structure, Hefei Mobile currently has an absolute advantage in the field of mobile services, but Hefei Telecom is gaining momentum rapidly, and its market share is close to Hefei Unicom, but there is still a certain gap in revenue share. Hefei Mobile's revenue share in the mobile communications field is higher than its user share, indicating that its user structure advantage is obvious, and there is still a lot of room for the migration of high-value users.

2) Business Development Analysis

Hefei Unicom's mobile billing users in 2011 were 572,000, a year-on-year increase of 17.3 070, of which 3G users were 139,000. The growth rate of mobile service users has slowed down, but the growth rate has shown signs of decline. 3G users have continued to grow at a high speed. On the one hand, their revenue capacity has been improved, and on the other hand, network construction requirements have been higher. At the same time, although the growth rate is high, the market share is not increasing fast due to the small base. In the current 4G era, the development window period is getting shorter and shorter, and it is necessary to further accelerate the speed of mobile service market layout. The mobile Internet as a whole is moving towards the integration of mobile communications and the Internet. In terms of business, in terms of content and application experience, the mobile network and the traditional Internet tend to be consistent, but the product launch speed is faster than the traditional Internet. Compared with the traditional fixed Internet, the price of mobile Internet is getting cheaper and faster. Traditional mobile applications are mainly mobile-specific services such as SMS, CRBT, and MMS. Such applications can only meet the initial development needs of mobile value-added services. The future development of mobile applications should have more Internet features and meet the needs from the bottom to the top. On demand. The mobile Internet service is more practical and entertaining than the traditional Internet.

Driven by new technologies such as cloud computing and the Internet of Things, the mobile Internet will surely gain more rapid development opportunities. It is expected that the characteristics of de-core will become more apparent in the process of business differentiation in the future.

Local core network circuit domain design

1.General principles

The IP transformation of the existing network cannot affect the normal operation of China Unicom's existing network. The IP transformation must formulate a strict implementation plan, and there must be a complete risk analysis plan and evasion plan for each step, and it can ensure the transformation Can be rolled back in time if unsuccessful.

2. Business inheritance principle

The softswitch equipment after IP transformation should be able to continue to be compatible with various services on the existing network, and not at the cost of reducing the user experience of telecommunication services, bearer services, supplementary services, intelligent services, and value-added services of the existing network services.

3.Phase implementation principle

The IP-based port transformation of the mobile voice network is implemented across the entire network, involving multiple interfaces, including Nb, Nc, Mc, etc. The equipment transformation also involves multiple aspects, mainly end offices, gateway offices, and softswitch long-distance offices. It should be ensured that the whole process of the transformation is implemented throughout the entire network. The order of implementation is the local network first, then within the province, and then between provinces; the same manufacturer first, and then different manufacturers.

4. "Site Access" Principle

An integrated mobile service bearer network should be established locally, and IP service traffic between mobile softswitch devices in the local network should be cleared through the local integrated service bearer network. In principle, it is not recommended to transfer through the backbone IP bearer network B network; different local networks The IP service traffic between the softswitch devices needs to be aggregated by the local integrated service bearer network, and then transferred by the IP bearer B network; the existing method of unblocking inter-provincial and inter-provincial long-distance traffic remains unchanged. In principle, the location of the softswitch equipment must be provided with an integrated service bearer network service access router (the signaling part can also be aggregated before accessing).

5.General principles

Construction of a local integrated bearer network that carries PS and CS services in the local network, mainly including; lu-Ps / Gb, lu-Cs, Mc, Nb, Nc, Gn and other interfaces, and can also include core network service-related billing, Support interfaces such as network management.

Based on the principle of saving investment and facilitating future network development, the general principles of local IP bearer network construction are as follows:

(1) A pair of aggregation routers is set up in the local IP bearer network to connect to the backbone network of the IP bearer network. According to the nodes and traffic in the local network, the aggregation router can be co-located with the local service access router or can be set separately.

(2) Each service node sets up a service access router in pairs, and the local service access router and the local aggregation router are connected in a "mouth-shaped" manner.

(3) MPLS VPN and QoS policies are enabled in the local IP bearer network to realize the isolation of different services and QoS guarantee.

(4) All softswitch devices have unified access to a pair of service access routers in the office address, and connect to the backbone network of the IP bearer network through the aggregation router. It can shield the differences between different vendors between the softswitch and the IP bearer network, distinguish the maintenance interface, and facilitate the maintenance of the entire network.

(5) Local service access router equipment is set up in principle according to the office address in pairs, and multiple devices at the same office address can be shared, just as the office address setting 1 pair of access router devices has limited capacity / ports. Restricted factors include limited device capabilities When the number of slots reaches the expansion limit, the number of board ports reaches the expansion limit, etc.) or the network organization is limited (including transmission circuit scheduling, Ethernet transmission distance limitation, and equipment room conditions), consider setting up a second pair of services Access router. Softswitch equipment, directly access the mobile network local IP bearer network service access router at the same office address. The service connection between the original wireless network elements (mainly referring to the IU-r interface and IU-b) remains the status quo.

(6) The technical requirements in terms of interfaces, networking, protocols, fault protection mechanisms, etc. of the local service access router equipment and softswitch equipment should comply with the relevant technical specifications of China Unicom.

(7) The existing PS and CS local bearer network equipment and network conditions should be comprehensively considered to build a local bearer network.

(8) In order to facilitate management and reduce compatibility issues during service interworking, when setting up a local mobile service IP bearer network, the same local network should use equipment from the same manufacturer; within the same province, it should be controlled at 1-3 homes.

6. Local bearer network protocol settings

The ISIS routing protocol is enabled between links in the local bearer network, and MPLS VPN is enabled internally to isolate different services.

Between the local bearer network and the IP bearer network backbone network ((B network)), the EB GP protocol is enabled for interworking, and the OPTION A method is used to implement cross-domain links.

7. Local bearer network link settings

(1) The capacity of the bearer network router equipment should meet the business needs of the next three years.

(2) The link bandwidth requirements should be designed according to the following requirements: under normal circumstances, the peak service bandwidth is not greater than 50% of the link bandwidth, and under a single point of failure, the peak service bandwidth is not greater than 70% of the link bandwidth.

(3) According to bandwidth requirements and investment, operation and maintenance costs, GE, LOGE interfaces can be used, and 155M, 622M, 2.5G, 10G POS interfaces can also be used.

(4) The link of different office sites is recommended as follows: According to the transmission bandwidth requirements and the distance between office sites, for GE and LOGE interfaces, it is recommended to choose a link with transmission protection, such as OTN, WDM, or use bare fiber, but it is not recommended Adopt MSTP method. For POS interface, WDM, SDH or bare fiber transmission can be used according to the transmission conditions in the province.

(5) For cross-computer room connections, large bandwidth high-speed link connections should be selected for implementation. It is not recommended to use multiple low-rate link bundling technologies in the same direction for implementation. For the same equipment room, the horizontal link between service access routers or aggregation routers that are set in pairs can be implemented by bundling high-speed Layer 2 links, or by POS links.