What Are the Different Types of Multimedia Applications?

The English word for multimedia is Multimedia, which consists of media and multi parts. Generally understood as the integration of multiple media. Multimedia technology is not a simple composite of various information media. It is a method of combining information in the form of text, graphics, images, animation, sound, etc. Computers carry out comprehensive processing and control, and can support information technology that performs a series of interactive operations. The development of multimedia technology has changed the field of computer use, making computers from special products in offices and laboratories to common tools in the information society. It is widely used in industrial production management, school education, public information consulting, commercial advertising, military command And training, and even family life and entertainment.

Multimedia software

(1) Integration enables multi-channel unified acquisition, storage, organization, and synthesis of information.

2.1 Development Process of Multimedia Courseware

I. Composition of Multimedia Courseware Development Team

(1) Project leader

(2) Subject teaching experts

(3) Instructional design experts

(4) software engineer (system structure design) expert

(5) Experts in multimedia material production

(6) Experts in multimedia courseware production

Second, the basic process of multimedia courseware development

(1) Selection of project definition teaching content, feasibility analysis of courseware design, analysis of courseware requirements (necessity)

(2) The teaching design revolves around the requirements of teaching goals, rationally selects and designs media, and adopts appropriate teaching models and teaching strategies.

(3) The structure design arranges the display method of the catalog theme, establishes the hierarchical structure and browsing order between the information, and determines the cross-jump relationship between the information.

(4) Preparation and production of multimedia materials

(5) Editing and synthesis of courseware

(6) Trial and test of courseware

(7) Evaluation

(8) Forming of courseware products

2.2 Structure of Hypertext Hypermedia

Hypertext is a network structure composed of nodes and chains. Nodes, chains, and networks are the three basic elements that define the structure of a hypertext.

I. Nodes

It is a basic unit for storing information, also known as an information block. Each node expresses a specific topic, and its size is written according to actual needs without strict restrictions.

(1) Text nodes can be used to express ideas, explain concepts, and describe phenomena.

(2) Graphic nodes are suitable for expressing the form and structure of things.

(3) Auditory nodes

(4) Audiovisual nodes

(5) Program nodes are usually represented by "buttons". After entering such nodes, the corresponding programs will be started to complete specific operations.

Second, the chain (Link)

A chain represents a connection of information between different nodes. It is from one node to other nodes, or from other nodes to this node. Because the links between information are ever-changing and colorful, the chains are also complex and diverse. There are one-way chains (), two-way chains ( ), and so on. The strength of the chain function directly affects the expressiveness of the nodes, and also affects the structure of the information network and the ability to navigate. Hyperlinks have non-linearities in them; with chains, users can find relevant information "along" the chain. In the multimedia courseware, the chain is hidden behind the information and recorded in the system. We can't see the line representing one-way or two-way, but we will feel the existence of the chain when we turn from one node to another.

There are several basic ways of combining chains:

(1) A linear browsing path

(2) Tree structure

(3) Acyclic network

(4) Block connection

(5) Arbitrary connection

3. Network

Hypertext information network is a directed graph structure, similar to the associative memory structure of the human brain. It uses a non-linear network structure to organize block information. The connection of information in hypertext networks reflects the teaching intentions and strategies of courseware creators. The structure of hypertext networks not only provides knowledge and information, but also includes the author's analysis, reasoning and integration of information.

If the nodes in the network not only contain text, but also contain a variety of information such as graphics, animation, sound, and their combinations, that is, the use of hypertext technology to manage multimedia information, this system is called hypermedia.

In traditional teaching, the organizational structure of teaching information such as textbooks, audio recordings, and videos is linear. This objectively limits the ability of humans to associate freely. Hypertext technology overcomes this shortcoming. Information in multimedia courseware Structure uses this non-linear hypertext approach.

According to the connection relationship between nodes and chains in multimedia courseware, we can summarize the structure of teaching content structure in multimedia courseware in the following ways: linear structure, tree structure, network structure, mixed structure.

2.4 Structural design

The structure design of multimedia courseware mainly includes the following aspects: node design, chain design, and the resulting network and learning path design.

I. Node Design

The root node is the first node encountered by the learner when entering the system, and it is also the central node that any other node can return. Therefore, the design of the root node is very important. Common design methods for root nodes are:

(1) Overview The root node is an overview of the entire content, and it is related to all the main concepts in the knowledge base.

(2) AHP is used from top to bottom. The root node is the main essential concept of the top.

(3) The menu root node is a list or table of contents of the main concepts in the knowledge base.

(4) Coaching the root node is a demonstration of entering other node channels.

Second, the design of the chain

The design of the chain mainly involves how nodes are connected and how they are represented.

There are three types of chains:

Linear chain, reflecting the order, position and other relationships between nodes.

The tree chain reflects the relationships among nodes, such as hierarchy, belonging, analogy, etc., and reflects the semantic and logical connection of node content.

The mesh chain, that is, the relationship between any node can be established, such as background, index, example, focus, reference materials, etc., reflecting the association of the creator. The proportion of various types of chains in a hypermedia system depends on domain knowledge, system purpose, and learning characteristics.

Third, network and learning path design

Nodes and chains are organized differently, resulting in different hypermedia system network structures: hierarchical, detailed, and conversational.

Common learning path models are: sequential, looping, branching, indexing, and meshing.

First, the basic concepts of human-computer interaction interface

The design of human-computer interaction interface mainly solves the problems of user analysis, task analysis, interaction methods and corresponding courseware development processes related to human-computer interaction.

Second, the design principles of friendly human-computer interaction interface

(1) Determine the use object

(2) User control

(3) Directness

(4) Agility

(5) Consistency

(6) Feedback

(7) Clarity

(8) aesthetics

(9) tolerance

(10) Ease of use

(11) Symbolic

Interface design

(1) The window is generally composed of the following parts: title bar, menu bar, flow bar (horizontal, vertical), status bar, and control bar. Microsoft's Windows operating system can be called a model of window technology.

(2) Menus Common menus are: bar menu, pop-up menu, drop-down menu, icon menu, etc. The user's operation of the menu is mainly realized by clicking with a mouse and supplemented by a keyboard or a touch screen.

(3) Icon Icon is a commonly used graphic interface object. It is a small type with simple graphic symbols. Its design is based on the ideas of metaphor and simulation. Icons help users easily call functions through the interface.

(4) Buttons Common button types are: Windows-style buttons, flashing buttons, animated graphical buttons, hotspot-style buttons, text buttons, graphical buttons, and so on.

(5) The dialog box is a pop-up window. When the courseware runs, in addition to various options and key operations, the system can also provide a dialog box to allow users to enter more detailed information when needed. Users interact. It is also one of the interface technologies that fully reflects the characteristics of multimedia human-computer interaction.

Screen design

(1) Cover (opening) screen

The first page of the courseware, the cover, should make it clear that this is the beginning of a course. The cover screen generally includes: course name, courseware author, production time, copyright, etc.

(2) Main interface screen

Courseware provides learners with a choice of teaching content through the main interface, similar to the catalog of our book.

(3) Teaching screen

Teaching screen is the screen shot of multimedia courseware to carry out teaching activities. It is also the focus of courseware design.

V. Design method of friendly human-computer interaction interface

(1) The design of the display color should choose the correct color tone, and pay attention to contrast, unity and harmony

(2) Transitions between screens and transitions between animation screens use transition effects such as fade in, fade out, overlay, split, shutters, mosaic, etc.

(3) Sound processing and commentary sound processing often uses a sampling frequency of 44.1kHz or 22.05kHz, so that satisfactory results can be obtained. The commentary requires that each sentence and each word be closely combined with the picture to accurately express the content. Words should be vivid and simple, and strive to be concise and clear. Commentary should not exceed three words per second.

2.6 Navigation Design of Multimedia Courseware

I get lost

When learners use multimedia courseware, they cannot find the corresponding nodes, which they call lost. Common labyrinths are: global labyrinth, local labyrinth, and historic labyrinth.

Second, the navigation design

In order to avoid learners getting lost when roaming in multimedia courseware, navigation design must be carried out when designing multimedia courseware. Common navigation methods in multimedia courseware are as follows: hierarchical navigation, jump, map, back, history list, bookmarks, find, online help.

Third, the navigation interface

Common navigation interface technologies include the following: menus, buttons, fonts and colors, images, and dynamic expressions.

2.7 Description of Structural Design of Multimedia CoursewareScript Writing

After completing the structural analysis of the multimedia courseware, an effective method must be adopted to describe the results of the structural design stage, so that the producers of the multimedia courseware can understand the intentions of the structural designer, and thus design a multimedia courseware that meets the requirements. The tool that describes the results of the multimedia courseware design phase is the script, and making a script is the direct basis for multimedia developers to make multimedia courseware.

First, the opening and closing design

The title mainly explains the name, author, copyright, etc. of the multimedia courseware. The end of the film mainly explains the unit or person who provided the multimedia courseware and provided the materials, thanks and so on. Generally use graphics, animation, sound and other means to enhance the artistic atmosphere and appeal of courseware.

Second, the main interface design

The main interface is generally the first screen for teaching. It usually uses menus, icons, hot zones and other methods to provide choices about learning content. It is the general navigation of multimedia courseware.

Third, the teaching screen design

The teaching screen is the main place for multimedia courseware to complete teaching tasks. In the multimedia courseware, except for the cover, the end of the film, and the main interface, the rest of the pictures are teaching screens. The teaching screen reflects certain educational thoughts, teaching processes, and teaching strategies, and reflects the logical relationship of various knowledge points.

Multimedia is a combination of computer and video technology. In fact, it is two media; sound and image, or in current terms: audio and television. Multimedia itself has two aspects. Like all modern technologies, it is composed of hardware and software, or a mixture of machines and ideas. Multimedia technologies and functions can be conceptually separated into control systems and information. The reason why multimedia can be realized is through digital technology. Multimedia represents the convergence of digital control and digital media. Computers are digital control systems, and digital media is the most advanced form of storage and dissemination of audio and video today. In fact, some people simply think that multimedia is a combination of computer and television. The computer's ability reached the level of real-time processing of TV and sound data streams, and multimedia was born. Multimedia computers need to be more powerful than mainstream computers. Multimedia computers determine the development of mainstream computers. The main things that distinguish ordinary computers from multimedia computers are sound cards and read-only optical drives. Optical discs are the main storage and exchange media for multimedia. Without this convenient disc, the computer industry cannot sell the hundreds of megabytes of audio, visual, and textual data that make up multimedia programs, and you can't buy multimedia.

It is now possible to answer what is multimedia. It's not just one thing, but a complex combination of many things: hardware, software, and the interface when the two meet. No, we also forgot one of the most important things. Multimedia also includes you. Hey, that's it! For multimedia, you are no longer a passive audience, you can control, you can interact, you can let it do what you need. In one report, you can directly access important data regardless of useless things. You can compile reports and pictures of the world of interest. This is the power of multimedia and how it differs from traditional media such as books and television.

What can multimedia do? It displays information, exchanges ideas, and expresses emotions. It lets you see, hear, and understand other people's thoughts. In other words, it is a way of communicating. Sound, images, graphics, text, etc., which are understood as media carrying information and called multimedia, are actually not accurate, because it is easy to transmit and store material media (also called media) that carry information, such as electromagnetic waves, light, Air waves, currents, magnetic media, etc. are confused. However, nowadays the term or term of multimedia has almost become synonymous with text, graphics, images and sounds, that is to say, most people think that multimedia is a combination of sound, images and graphics, so it has been used in general articles This less accurate word. The current popular multimedia concept still mainly refers to a variety of information types that are directly felt and understood by human organs such as text, graphics, images, sounds, etc. This has become a narrower understanding of multimedia.

In the field of computers and communications, the text, graphics, sound, image, and animation of the information we refer to can all be called media. From the perspective of computer and communication equipment processing information, we can combine the existence of the original information of nature and human society --- data, text, sound language, sound, painting, animation, images (still photos and dynamic movies) , TV, and video), etc., boiled down to the three most basic media: sound, pictures, and text. Traditional computers can only deal with single media-"text", and television can disseminate integrated information of sound, pictures, and text, but it is not a multimedia system. Through television, we can only passively receive information in one direction, we cannot process information bidirectionally and actively, and there is no so-called interactivity. Although the video phone is interactive, we can only hear the sound and see the image of the talker, not multimedia. The so-called multimedia refers to the technology that can simultaneously collect, process, edit, store and display two or more different types of information media. These information media include text, sound, graphics, images, animation and moving images.

In daily life, there are many things called media. For example, bees are the media for transmitting pollen, and flies are the media for transmitting germs. But to be precise, these so-called "media" are communication media, not what we call "media" in multimedia, because these communication media all disseminate a certain physical entity, and words, sounds, images, and graphics are all They are not physical entities, they are just the surface features of certain attributes of objective things, and they are a way of expressing information. What we call "media" in the field of computer and communication is the carrier of information storage, dissemination and performance, not the general media and media.

Conceptually speaking, the "media" in multimedia should refer to a form of expressing certain information content. Similarly, we can know that the multimedia we refer to should be a variety of information expression methods or a variety of information. Naturally, we can use the concept of multimedia information to represent a comprehensive information type that includes different types of information such as text information, graphic information, image information, and sound information.

In short, since the most essential concept of information is the superficial characteristics of the attributes of objective things, which are expressed in various ways, a more accurate and comprehensive definition of multimedia should refer to the synthesis of multiple types of information.

These media can be information representations such as graphics, images, sounds, texts, videos, animations, etc., or display devices such as monitors, speakers, televisions, and other media such as optical fibers, cables, and electromagnetic waves that transmit information. Storage entities such as disks, optical disks, and tapes that store information.