What Are the Different Types of New Media?

New media is a form of communication that uses digital technology to provide users with information and services through channels such as computer networks, wireless communication networks, satellites, and computers, mobile phones, and digital televisions. From a spatial point of view, "new media" specifically refers to the current corresponding to "traditional media". It is supported by digital compression and wireless network technology. With its large capacity, real-time and interactive features, it can cross the geographical boundary and eventually achieve global Media. ^[1]

New media is a form of communication that uses digital technology to provide users with information and services through channels such as computer networks, wireless communication networks, satellites, and computers, mobile phones, and digital televisions. From a spatial point of view, "new media" specifically refers to the current corresponding to "traditional media". It is supported by digital compression and wireless network technology. With its large capacity, real-time and interactive features, it can cross the geographical boundary and eventually achieve global Media. ^[1]

Chinese name

new media

Foreign name

new media

Channel of communication

Computer network, wireless communication network, etc.

Features

Personalization, timeliness, etc.

Types of

Internet new media, etc.

Field

computer science technology

Origin of New Media

The Chinese word "New Media" is a direct translation of English "New Media", so to understand the origin of "New Media", you have to start with the source of the word "New Media". It is generally believed that "new media" as a proprietary term for communication media was first proposed by a person named Peter Carl Goldmark in the United States. P. Goldmark is the inventor of LP (the gramophone record, the long-playing microgroove 33-1 / 3 rpm vinyl phonograph disc) and EVR (Electronic Video Recording), and is also an important participant in the development of the NTSC standard for color television Member, former director of CBS (CBS) Institute of Technology. He published a plan for the development of EVR products in 1967. After he first coined the term "new media" in this plan, there was a person named E. Rostow who was Chairman of the President's Special Committee on Communications Policy. In his report to the then US President Nixon in 1969, he also used the term "New Media" in many places. Since then, the term "New Media" has become popular in American society and gradually spread to All over the world, "new media" has gradually become a hot topic around the world. ^[2]

New media meaning

The broad sense of new media includes two categories: one is the change in media forms based on technological progress, especially the media forms based on wireless communication and network technologies, such as digital television, IPTV (interactive network television), and mobile terminals Secondly, with the change of people's lifestyle, it already existed before, and now it is applied to the carrier of information dissemination, such as building TV, car TV, etc. New media in the narrow sense only refers to the first category, which is a form of media based on technological progress.

In fact, new media can be regarded as the product of new technologies, and the latest technologies such as digitization, multimedia, and the Internet are necessary conditions for the emergence of new media. After the birth of new media, the form of media communication has undergone tremendous changes. For example, subway reading and large screens in office buildings have all transplanted the traditional media's communication content to a completely new communication space. This change includes the following technical elements:

First of all, the advent of digitalization has brought a large number of traditional media to the new media camp. This change is mainly manifested in the technological transformation of media. Whether it is the digitization of content storage or the digitization of communication, it has greatly improved the efficiency of media communication.

Secondly, the form of media is also diversified due to the birth of new technologies. Internet TV, Internet radio, and e-readers have all transplanted the content of traditional media to new media platforms. ^[3]

The concept of new media can be understood from the following four levels.

Technical level: the use of digital technology, network technology and mobile communication technology;

Channel level: through the Internet, broadband LAN, wireless communication network and satellite channels;

Terminal level: TV, computer and mobile phone are the main output terminals;

Service level: Provide users with integrated information and entertainment services such as video, audio, voice data services, online games, and distance education.

New Media Development History

According to the changes in the subject and audience of new media, the evolution of new media can be divided into the elite media stage, the mass media stage, and the personal media stage.

1. Elite media stage

For a considerable period of time when new media was born, only a small number of groups had the opportunity to contact new media and use the new media to disseminate information. Most of these people are professionals in the media field and have high cultural quality and Social class status, so this period is the elite media stage.

The term "elite" first appeared in 17th-century France. It refers to a handful of selected or outstanding people who have surpassed most people in many aspects such as intelligence, character, ability, property, etc., and play a vital role in social development. Role.

The early adopters of new media belonged to minority groups in the media audience. They had avant-garde media communication consciousness, and also possessed more advanced and richer media resources. They were the first batch of beneficiaries of new media.

2. Mass media stage

When the new media developed on a large scale and gained popularity, its development process entered the stage of mass media. To this day, new media, mainly mobile media such as mobile phones, have been enjoyed by a large audience, and the use of new media to transfer knowledge and information has become a normal state of media communication.

The development of elite media to mass media is inseparable from the decline in communication costs brought about by the advancement of media technology. New media has become a mass media with lower transmission costs, more convenient communication methods, and richer information content. The content and form of its transmission has even changed people's lifestyle and understanding of the nature of the media to some extent.

3. Personal Media Phase

With the continuous development and popularization of new media technologies, individuals who did not occupy media resources and platforms in the past and possess media expertise have gradually started to express their opinions and opinions through the Internet and show them to the audience through the platform. This is the stage of personal media. A sign. ^[3]

New Media Features

The new media, represented by digital technology, has the biggest feature of breaking the barriers between media, melting the boundaries between media, region, administration, and even the boundary between the communicator and the recipient. New media also exhibits the following characteristics:

(I) Outstanding personalization of media

Due to technical reasons, almost all media in the past were popular. However, new media can be targeted to a more segmented audience, and can be personal. Individuals can customize the news they need through new media. In other words, the combination of information and content received by each new media audience can be the same or completely different. This is very different from traditional media audiences who can only passively read or watch undifferentiated content.

(2) Increased audience selectivity

From a technical perspective, in the new media, everyone can accept information, and everyone can also act as an information publisher. Users can watch TV programs and play music at the same time. They can also participate in voting on the programs and can also Information is retrieved. This breaks the limitation that only news organizations can publish news and fully meets the segmented needs of information consumers. Unlike traditional media's "dominant audience", new media is "audience-led." The audience has larger choices, can read freely, and can enlarge the information.

(3) Diverse manifestations

New media has a variety of forms, and the various forms of expression are relatively rich. It can integrate text, audio, and pictures into one, so that the content can be expanded instantly and infinitely, so that the content becomes a "living creature." In theory, as long as the computer conditions are met, a new media can meet the information storage needs of the world. In addition to its large capacity, the new media also has the feature of "easy retrieval". It can store content at any time, and it is very convenient to find previous content and related content.

(IV) Real-time information release

Compared with radio and television, only new media really has no time limit and can be processed and released at any time. New media uses powerful software and web pages to present content, which can easily be online 24 hours.

The new media is extremely interactive. The unique network media makes the relationship between the communicator and the recipient of the information equal, and the audience is no longer easily at the mercy of the media. Instead, they can make more sounds and influence the information through the interaction of the new media. Communicator.

New media type

(I) Mobile Media

Mobile media is a tool for disseminating information through mobile phones. With the development and popularization of communication technology (such as 3G) and computer technology, mobile phones will gradually become mini computers with communication functions. Mobile media is an extension of network media. In addition to the advantages of network media, it also has the characteristics of being portable. The mobile media has truly transcended the limits of regions and computer terminals. With sound and vibration prompts, it can synchronize with the news. The receiving method has evolved from static to dynamic, and the audience s autonomy has been improved. It can independently select and release information. Timely interaction or temporary delays can be achieved independently; interpersonal communication and mass communication are fully integrated.

(2) Digital TV

Digital television refers to the type of television where all links from the studio to transmission, transmission, and reception use digital television signals or all signal transmissions to the system are transmitted through digital streams composed of 0 and 1 digital strings. The transmission rate of digital signals is 19.39 megabytes per second. The transmission of such a large data stream ensures the high definition of digital television and overcomes the inherent disadvantages of analog television.

(3) New Internet Media

New Internet media include: Internet TV, blogs, podcasts, videos, and electronic magazines.

Internet TV (IPTV, short for InternetProtocolTelevision) is a video service that uses a broadband network as a carrier to re-encode traditional satellite TV programs into streaming media through a TV server and transmit them to the user for viewing via the network. Network TV has the characteristics of interactive personalization, rich and varied programs, and convenient and fast viewing. Blog refers to a person who writes or owns a blog (or Weblog); Blog (or Weblog) refers to a web log, which is a publishing method for individuals to spread their ideas and link to knowledge collections.

Blog (verb) refers to the process of publishing various forms of information such as articles in the virtual space of a blog. Blogs have three main functions: free expression and publication by individuals; knowledge filtering and accumulation; new ways of networking and in-depth communication.

Podcasts usually refer to those who self-record radio programs and post them online.

Video (also translated as video) refers to various technologies that capture, record, process, store, transmit, and reproduce a series of still images by electrical signals. Various suffix formats for large and small videos, including personal video uploads, movie videos. When the continuous image changes more than 24 pictures per second, according to the principle of visual persistence, the human eye cannot distinguish a single static picture, and it looks like a smooth and continuous visual effect. Such a continuous picture is called a video. At the same time, video also refers to emerging communication and communication tools. It is an Internet-based device and software. Users can see each other's appearance and hear each other's voice through video, which is the prototype of videophone. Video technology was originally developed for television systems, but has now evolved into a variety of formats to help consumers record video. The development of network technology has also led to the recording of video clips in the form of streaming media on the Internet and can be received and played by computers.

E-magazine generally refers to a new media that integrates audio, video, pictures, text, and animations in the form of Flash. The display format is like a traditional magazine with a page turning effect, so it is called an e-magazine. Generally, the size of an electronic magazine is large, ranging from a few megabytes to a few tens of megabytes and hundreds of megabytes. Therefore, the general e-magazine website provides client subscribers for downloading and subscribing to magazines. Popular P2P technology to improve download speed. E-zine is one of the representative applications of Web2.0. It has the characteristics of convenient distribution, large circulation, and focus.

(IV) Outdoor new media

Outdoor new media is newly produced, and it is different from traditional outdoor media forms (billboards, light boxes, car bodies, etc.). Outdoor new media uses LCD TVs as carriers, such as building TVs, bus TVs, subway TVs, train TVs, aviation TVs, large LED screens, etc., which are mainly the application of new materials, new technologies, new media, new equipment, or traditional The combination of outdoor media forms has qualitatively improved the traditional outdoor media forms. ^[1]