What Is Computer Literacy?

The essence of "Information Literacy" is a basic ability that global informationization requires. The concept of information literacy was proposed by Paul Zekos, president of the Information Industry Association, based on the United States in 1974. The simple definition comes from the American Library Association (ALA) in 1989. It includes three levels: cultural literacy, information awareness and information skills. Be able to judge when information is needed, and understand how to obtain information, how to evaluate and effectively use the required information.

Information literacy

The essence of "Information Literacy" is a basic ability that global informationization requires. The concept of information literacy was proposed by Paul Zekos, president of the Information Industry Association, based on the United States in 1974. The simple definition comes from the American Library Association (ALA) in 1989. It includes three levels: cultural literacy, information awareness and information skills. Be able to judge when information is needed, and understand how to obtain information, how to evaluate and effectively use the required information.

Chinese name

Information literacy

Foreign name

Information Literacy

Meaning

Global information needs a kind of people

Presenter

Paul Zekowski

Information Literacy. The more accurate name should be Information Literacy.

Information literacy is a basic ability: information literacy is an ability to adapt to the information society. The fourth quarter report of the Education Technology CEO Forum of the United States of America in the fourth quarter of 2001 proposed the competence and quality in the 21st century, including basic learning skills (referring to reading, writing, arithmetic), information literacy, innovative thinking, interpersonal and cooperative spirit, and practical ability. Information literacy is one of them. It involves the awareness of information, the ability of information, and the application of information.

Information literacy is a comprehensive ability: information literacy involves all aspects of knowledge. It is a special and comprehensive ability . It contains many factors of humanities, technology, economics, and law. It has a close relationship with many disciplines. contact. Information technology supports information literacy, and proficient information technology emphasizes the understanding, awareness and use of technology. The focus of information literacy is content, dissemination, and analysis, including information retrieval and evaluation, covering a broader aspect. It is a knowledge structure that understands, collects, evaluates, and uses information. It needs to be accomplished through both skilled information technology and sound investigation methods, through identification and reasoning. Information literacy is an information capability, and information technology is a tool for it.

The concept of information literacy began with the evolution of book retrieval skills in the United States. In 1974, the Chairman of the American Information Industry Association Paul. Zurkowski first proposed the new concept of information literacy, and explained that: using a large number of information tools and major

Information literacy includes basic knowledge and basic skills about information and information technology, the ability to use information technology for learning, cooperation, communication, and problem solving, as well as information awareness and social ethics issues. Specifically, information literacy should include the following five aspects:

1. Love life, have the willingness to obtain new information, and be able to actively find and explore new information from daily life practice.

2. Have basic scientific and cultural common sense and be able to discern and analyze the obtained information relatively freely and correctly evaluate it.

3. It can flexibly control information and better grasp the skills of selecting information and rejecting information.

4. Can effectively use information, express personal thoughts and ideas, and be willing to share different opinions or information with others.

5. No matter what the situation is, be able to use all kinds of information to solve problems with confidence.

The development of information technology has de-materialized the economy. The world economy is turning to the era of informatization and de-materialization. It is accelerating towards informationization. Humans have naturally entered the information age. The 21st century is a high-tech era, an aerospace era, a genetic bioengineering era, a nano-era,

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Information technology education includes two levels, one is the information technology education course, and the other is the integration of the information technology course with other courses.

Today, improving adolescents' information literacy has become a core element of permeating quality education. This requires new requirements for teachers, that is, while opening information technology courses, we must actively explore ideas and methods for integrating information technology with other courses, apply modern information technology in the classroom, and truly integrate information technology education courses. Go to other courses and train students' information literacy through school education channels. To this end, teachers should do the following.

Strive to integrate the cultivation of information literacy into the development of organically connected teaching materials, cognitive tools, networks, and various learning and teaching resources. Through the diversified presentation of information to form students' needs for information, students' ability to find, evaluate, effectively use, communicate, and create information with various representational forms is cultivated, thereby expanding students' understanding of the nature of information.

Adhere to the development of students. Don't pay too much attention to the study of subject knowledge, but should care about how to guide students to apply information technology tools to solve problems, especially by combining information technology learning with subject teaching, allowing students to use technology as a means of acquiring knowledge and processing information to solve problems. And service tools. At the same time, teachers should also care about the emotional development of students, and should not ignore the direct dialogue and communication with students because of the involvement of information technology.

While cultivating students' information literacy, we must also pay attention to developing students' "media literacy", "computer literacy", "visual literacy", "art literacy", and "digital literacy" that are closely related to information literacy, so as to comprehensively improve students' adaptation to information Comprehensive qualities needed by the times.

Information literacy education should focus on cultivating students' innovative spirit and practical ability. Therefore, in an information technology course, students must explore and take the initiative to learn in an environment based on autonomous learning and collaborative learning. Teachers become the course designers and the guides for student learning so that students can truly become the subjects of learning. Teachers can use network and multimedia technologies to build information-rich, reflective, learning environments and tools that are conducive to students 'autonomous learning, collaborative learning, and research-based learning, develop strategies for students' autonomous learning, and allow students to explore freely, greatly Promote the formation and development of their critical and creative thinking.

In China, according to the actual situation of domestic education, students' information literacy training mainly focuses on the following five aspects.

(1) Love life, have the willingness to obtain new information, and be able to actively find and explore new information from daily life practice.

(2) Have basic scientific and cultural common sense and be able to discern and analyze the obtained information relatively freely and correctly evaluate it.

(3) It can flexibly control information and better grasp the skills of selecting information and rejecting information.

(4) Can effectively use information, express personal thoughts and ideas, and are willing to share different opinions or information with others.

(5) Regardless of the situation, he can confidently use all kinds of information to solve problems, and has a strong sense of innovation and initiative.

Information literacy is mainly manifested in the following eight areas:

1. Intellectual property and information

First understand the relationship between intellectual property and information.

First, intellectual property is itself part of the information. Intellectual property is an intellectual property right and an intangible property right.It is not as visible and tangible as tangible property rights.It must be reflected in the form of information based on some medium. People understand this information only by understanding it. Intellectual property. For example, more than 90% of the latest inventions and innovations in the world are disseminated through patent specifications. Using patent information can shorten research and development time by 60% and save research and development expenses by 40%. Moreover, patent information is not equivalent to ordinary technical information. It also contains legal and commercial information, which fundamentally provides a basis for the rational allocation of technical innovation resources through the market. Other intellectual property rights, such as copyright and trademark rights, must also be recognized in the form of information. Therefore, in today's huge amount of social information, mixed and disordered, uneven information, intellectual property information constitutes the most valuable and core part of information resources, and has become the backbone of the deep development of the knowledge economy and information society. .

Secondly, as a legal system, intellectual property rights have played an important role in social informatization. The intellectual property system is a driving mechanism for knowledge and information innovation. Social informationization depends to a large extent on knowledge and information innovation, and knowledge and information innovation must have an internal motivation mechanism and protect intellectual achievements, and maintain an external environment for fair competition.

The intellectual property system is just such a mechanism, which plays an important role in motivating people to produce and innovate information products, and has become an effective driving mechanism for social informatization. The intellectual property system is the basic mechanism for the operation of the information market. The information market is the basic way to achieve a reasonable allocation of information resources, promote the development of the information industry, and promote social informatization. The intellectual property system is the basic regulation mechanism for the effective operation of the information market. The intellectual property system can enhance the awareness of information among the entire population. The intellectual property system makes people deeply realize that information is wealth, and gradually establishes a new concept of information to create value in the entire society, and constantly enhances the people's awareness of information. Intellectual property protects the right holders of information based on the law, and in a sense emphasizes people's own information literacy, promotes the establishment of information morality, gradually enables people to achieve "self-control", and constantly enhances the awareness of information morality among the entire population, thereby promoting social information. process.

2. Information literacy and intellectual property literacy are more important

To sum up, information ethics in information literacy includes intellectual property rights, and the intellectual property system in turn enhances people's information awareness and promotes the establishment of information ethics.As the most valuable part of information resources, intellectual property itself is the driving force of the knowledge economy and The backbone of the development of the information society, and the intellectual property system is an effective driving force and guarantee mechanism for the knowledge economy and information society. In this interlaced and complex relationship, it is not difficult to see that intellectual property is always the core part of the information society, and it is inferred that intellectual property literacy is necessarily the core of information literacy.

In the 1980s, most people did not know what a computer was. In the 1990s, I didn't know what the use of the Internet was. When the government invested huge sums of money to build an information highway, it was strongly opposed by all levels of the country, including many academicians. It is no wonder that China has just transitioned from agricultural civilization to industrial civilization, and then stepped into the information society. How can people accept it? Therefore, at the end of the 20th century, improving the information literacy, especially the information literacy, of Chinese people has become the most urgent task. Thanks to the country's vigorous advocacy and extensive efforts from all walks of life, the people's information literacy has been greatly improved. As of March 2007, the number of Internet users in China reached 144 million. China has become one of the fastest-growing countries in the global information and communication industry. One. Time has passed for more than ten years, but the degree of informatization in China today is beyond the imagination of the original people. But it also brought a series of negative consequences, such as the flood of bad information and the frequent occurrence of online infringement crimes. According to statistics from the Ministry of Information Industry, the infection rate of computer viruses in China is as high as 55% or more. Email spam is second only to the United States and ranks second in the world. Only then did people fully realize the importance of strengthening information moral literacy, especially intellectual property literacy. The accelerated development of global economic integration, comprehensive national power competition represented by economy and technology, especially intellectual property competition, has become the focus of competition among countries.Especially after China's accession to the WTO, the trade friction between western countries and China has intensified, and intellectual property rights have once again Was pushed to the cusp. Intellectual property, as the core economic growth point of knowledge economy and information society, has become an important symbol of a country's independent innovation ability, and has been given a deeper social connotation. It can be said that a country without intellectual property rights cannot become an innovative country or build a highly developed information society. Therefore, in an information society, intellectual property literacy is the core of information literacy and the highest level of information literacy.

The importance of information literacy is not repeated here. In the past ten years, a large number of articles have been published in China's academic circles, and more than 1,200 articles have been published in 1995-2004. The CPC Central Committee and the State Council also attach great importance to information literacy education for young people. On June 13, 1999, it made a decision on deepening education reform and comprehensively promoted quality education. "Emphasis on training students' ability to collect and process information and acquire new knowledge." The publicity and efforts of all circles in the society for more than a decade have made the concept of information literacy education popular.

However, intellectual property literacy seems to have been forgotten for a long time. The history of Chinese neglecting intellectual property is too long, and many painful lessons are too deep for us. For example, the regional combustion technology in rockets has been resolved in China in the early 1960s.Since China had no patent system at that time, it was impossible to apply for patents, and it did not apply for patents abroad, although Japan mastered this technology much later than us. But they applied this technology to engine manufacturing and applied for patents, forming their own intellectual property rights. While China's automobile industry is still stumbling, Japan has become a veritable automobile manufacturing country in the world. The well-known scientist Yuan Longping's hybrid rice technology has caused a sensation in the 1970s.Because there is no patent application, all 50 hybrid rice technologies invented by Yuan Longping were disclosed in the literature that led to the world's first invention technology with the following consequences: First, it cannot be exclusive The use of hybrid rice technology in the field; second, it is difficult to enjoy the benefits of the industrialization of hybrid rice technology alone, which makes Chinese agriculture lose a unique hybrid rice technology and gain the opportunity of leap development.

Even at the turn of the century, Chinese people's understanding of intellectual property literacy is far from reaching the level that information literacy should have. According to a survey by the Ministry of Education, 72.3% of universities in China do not have specialized intellectual property teaching institutions, and 72.7% of universities do not have either compulsory or optional elective courses on intellectual property teaching. China produces more than 30,000 scientific and technological achievements every year, only about 10% of which have applied for patent protection. Most of the rest of the achievements are published to the public in the form of published papers, appraisals, and academic discussions, which are generously shared by the world. More than 390 "National Well-known Trademarks" announced by the State Trademark Office have been squatted to varying degrees abroad. Although there are many reasons for this status quo, the lack of intellectual property rights of Chinese people is an important factor that cannot be ignored.