What Are Architectural Coatings?

Coatings are applied to the surface of an object, which can bond well with the base material and form a complete and tough protective film, which is called architectural coating. Paint and paint are the same concept. Paint is a customary name that people have been using for a long time. Since its introduction into China, it has been used in the construction industry. The role of paint can be summarized into three aspects: protection, decoration, and special functions. The general composition of coatings: including film-forming substances, pigments, fillers, solvents, additives.

Paint is a substance applied on the surface of an object to form a complete film and to adhere firmly to the surface of the object. Early paints were mainly made of natural animal oils (tallow, fish oil, etc.), vegetable oils (tung oil, linseed oil, etc.) and natural resins (rosin, lacquer), etc. Therefore, the paint is also called paint. Since the 1950s, the rapid development of the world's petrochemical industry and polymer synthesis industry has provided a good material basis for the development of the coatings industry. Therefore, in addition to a small amount of natural resins and greases, the current coatings are mainly synthetic resins. It is a film-forming substance. ^[1]

Coatings are one of the indispensable materials for the development of the national economy. Due to the special role of coatings, there are many types of coatings. Nearly a thousand types of coatings have been issued by the Ministry of Chemical Industry on the market. For a long time, various coating classification methods have been formed according to habits. These coating classification methods have their own characteristics. Various classification methods of coatings, such as Table 1-l lists. Several general classification methods are introduced as follows:

1. Classification of coating film-forming substances Although there are various coating classification methods formed according to habits, each has its own characteristics and focuses, but it cannot fully reflect the nature of the coating, and it cannot make people understand the true composition of the coating. Problems such as performance and deployment methods are not clearly expressed, causing inconvenience to users. In order to overcome these shortcomings, and make it easier for users to understand the performance and use of various coatings, and to facilitate the identification and storage of coatings, the national standard "Classification, Nomenclature and Model of Coating Products" (GB2705-92) was formulated. The classification principle of the product is determined based on the main film-forming substance in the coating base material. If the main film-forming substance is composed of a mixture of two or more resins, it is based on a resin that plays a determining role in the film-forming substance. Combined with the specific situation of production varieties, coatings are divided into 17 categories: auxiliary materials for coating products are listed as category 18, and according to their different uses, they are divided into 5 small categories. The method is also classified based on the film-forming substances in the coating composition. Coating products and auxiliary materials for coating products are classified into 48 categories.

2. According to the properties of coating film-forming substances, there are many film-forming substances in coatings, and coatings can be produced according to their properties. It is easily divided into organic coatings, inorganic coatings and composite coatings.

3. Classification according to the form of the coating. According to the form of the coating, the products can be divided into liquid coating, powder coating and high solid coating.

4. Classification according to the dispersion medium used in the coating. According to the dispersion medium used in the coating, the coating products can be divided into solvent-based coatings and water-based coatings. Solvent-based coatings refer to coatings that use organic matter as a solvent, and water-based coatings refer to coatings that use water as a medium. Water-based coatings can be divided into emulsion coatings.

5. Classification according to whether there are pigment components in the coating. According to whether pigment components are put in the coating, the coating can be divided into varnish and colored paint. Color paint can also be subdivided into blend paint, magnetic paint and so on. The paint composition does not contain pigments, and the paints that become a transparent coating film after coating are called varnishes; the paint composition contains pigments, and the paints that form various color coating films after coating are called colored paints.

Architectural coatings have decorative functions, protective functions and habitability improvement functions. The proportion of various functions varies depending on the purpose of use. The decorative function is a function to enhance the appearance value of the building through the beautification of the building. It mainly includes the conceptual design of plane color, pattern and gloss and the conceptual design of three-dimensional pattern. But with the shape of the building itself and

1. Main film-forming substance

The main film-forming substances used in coatings are resins and oils. Resins include natural resins (shellac, rosin, lacquer, etc.), artificial resins (glycerides, nitrocellulose, etc.) and synthetic resins (alkyd resins, polyacrylates and copolymers thereof). Oils include vegetable oils such as tung oil and linseed oil, and animal oils such as fish oil. In order to meet the various performance requirements of coatings, a variety of resins can be used in a coating, or with oils, as the main film-forming substance.

2. Secondary film-forming substance

The secondary film-forming substances are various pigments, including coloring pigments, extender pigments, and anti-rust pigments, which are one of the components constituting the coating film. Its main role is to color the coating film and give the coating film hiding power, increase the coating film texture, improve the coating film performance, increase the variety of coatings, and reduce the cost of coatings.

3. Auxiliary film-forming substance

The auxiliary film-forming substances mainly refer to various solvents (diluents) and various auxiliary agents. There are two major types of solvents used in coatings: one is organic solvents, such as pine perfume, alcohol, gasoline, benzene, xylene, and acetone; the other is water. Additives are auxiliary materials added to improve the performance of coatings and improve the quality of coating films, such as driers, plasticizers, curing agents, rheological agents, dispersants, thickeners, defoamers, antifreeze agents, ultraviolet rays Absorbent, antioxidant, anti-aging agent, anti-mold agent, flame retardant

The new "Limits of Hazardous Substances in Interior Decoration and Decoration Materials for Interior Wall Coatings" standard is a national mandatory standard for a round of survival of the fittest products on the market.
It is reported that the new standard has imposed stricter restrictions on the content of harmful substances in water-soluble interior wall coatings. The forthcoming national standard has made the following modifications: 1. Added water-based wall putty and stipulated the limit value of harmful substances; 2. Added benzene, toluene ethylbenzene and xylene sum control items, stipulated that The total content is 300 mg / kg; 3. The limit value of volatile organic compounds has been greatly reduced. The VOC content of water-based wall coatings is 120 g / L, and the VOC content of water-based wall putties is 15 g / kg. VOC is the sum of volatile organic compounds harmful to the human body. Formaldehyde is a highly toxic substance. Formaldehyde has been identified by the World Health Organization as a carcinogen and teratogenic substance. And because solvent-based wall coatings contain high VOCs, China has no longer approved new solvent-based wall coating manufacturers since 2005.

The national standard implemented by China's coatings industry is the "Limits of Harmful Substances in Interior Decoration Materials and Interior Wall Coatings" issued by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine in December 2001. ^[2]

1. Organic architectural coatings are different according to the dispersion medium used. Can be divided into solvent-based coatings and water-based coatings (including water-soluble coatings, emulsion coatings).

1. Solvent-based coatings include polyurethane, epoxy, chlorinated rubber, and perchloroethylene coatings. The coating film is thin and tough, and has good water resistance, weather resistance and air tightness, but it is flammable, and the solvent is harmful to the human body when the solvent is volatilized. The base layer is required to be dry and expensive during construction.

2. Water-based solvents and resin-based materials are organic aqueous emulsion or aqueous coatings. Poor water resistance and weather resistance, generally only used for interior wall coatings. Commonly used are polyvinyl alcohol water glass interior wall coatings.

This type of coating is most commonly used, such as polyvinyl acetate emulsion, styrene-acrylic emulsion, ethylene-propylene emulsion, pure acrylic emulsion and chlorine partial emulsion.

2. Inorganic architectural coatings are mainly inorganic polymer materials, including water-soluble silicates (alkali metal silicates), silica sols, organosilicon and inorganic polymers, etc .; alkali metal silicic acid is the most widely used. Salt-based potassium silicate, sodium silicate and silica sol-based inorganic coatings. Traditional inorganic coatings include materials such as cement and lime. Inorganic coatings have strong adhesion and hiding power, good durability, good decorative effect, non-combustible, non-toxic, and low cost.

Three, there are two types of composite coatings, one is the composite of two types of coatings, and the other is the two types of coatings.

The Chinese coatings industry is growing stronger under the impetus of downstream industries, and architectural coatings, as one of its branches, have also made great progress. Statistics show that the total output of China's architectural coatings in 2011 was about 3.5182 million tons, a year-on-year increase of more than 30%. It can be seen that although China's architectural coatings industry has experienced the pressure of the global financial crisis in 2008, rising raw material prices and the pressure from the central bank to raise interest rates, its development momentum is still unabated and it has maintained a high growth rate.

Under the guidance of industry policies and the pull of the market, China's building decoration industry will enter a new development period, the demand for architectural coatings will continue to increase, and the industry market has great potential for development. In addition, the emerging new rural construction has greatly stimulated the promotion and application of various architectural coatings. It can be inferred that China's construction industry has at least 10 years of stable development period, which will also be a 10-year rapid development of domestic architectural coatings production enterprises.

Architectural coatings, as a type of coating products mainly used for house decoration, its market development is closely related to the development of the real estate industry. Since the introduction of "the strictest real estate policy in history", the development of China's real estate market has fallen into a trough. Especially since 2012, the previously expected policy loosening has not occurred. Instead, the Ministry of Housing and Construction has clearly stated that the regulatory policy will not change in a short period of time.

The downturn in China's real estate industry has had a negative impact on the architectural coatings market. From the perspective of output development, from 2006 to 2009, the scale of China's architectural coatings production has maintained rapid development. In 2010, the total scale has maintained a certain increase, but the growth rate has slowed down significantly, especially in 2011, subject to the impact of the real estate market. Impact, the output scale appeared negative growth.

Observation of the domestic real estate market in the first half of the year and comprehensive analysis of various factors, it is expected that the real estate market in the second half of 2012 is unlikely to pick up significantly, and it is imperative for the architectural coatings industry to find new market growth points .

On the whole, from the 16 years from 1996 to 2012, the output of Chinese architectural coatings increased more than 16 times, with an average annual growth rate of about 18.2%. By the end of 2012, China's architectural coatings continued to grow at a rapid rate, with output reaching 4.8 million tons, accounting for 37.8% of the total coatings output, and a year-on-year increase of 28.02%.

The entire architectural coatings market continues to grow. The entire industry will continue to upgrade, producing higher value-added products with better quality and stricter environmental standards. Environmental health is still the most important trend, affecting the choice of decoration companies and owners; brands still play a major role. Competitive role; children's paint, wedding room paint, pregnant woman paint, villa paint, and more categories will continue to appear; marketing methods are more three-dimensional, social, and creative.

Trend 1: Home improvement coatings market will continue to grow

After 2013, infrastructure construction across the country will not stagnate. The most important thing is that the construction area of real estate development companies is still growing and the sales area of commercial buildings has not decreased. These have provided room for demand for home improvement coatings. positive energy".

In addition, the construction of affordable housing, the construction of new rural areas, the transformation of urban villages, the continued promotion of urbanization, the expansion of the affluent and the middle class, etc., will bring growth momentum to the home improvement coatings industry.

Trend two, the home improvement coatings industry is constantly upgrading , and high value-added products have become a trend

Although the entire industry is in a benign growth cycle, the architectural coatings industry is facing very large pressures on transformation. This pressure comes from a number of comprehensive factors, including slowing economic growth, real estate regulation, rising raw material prices, and weak innovation capabilities. Increased environmental pressure, meanwhile, there is also pressure to upgrade product technology.

It can be expected that the coating industry will upgrade to environmentally friendly, high-end, high-functional products, which is not only a response to the requirements of green energy-saving and environmental protection standards, but also the first step to meet the needs of the consumer market. The enterprise itself will also transform from selling products to selling services, and build the entire value chain centered on consumers.

Trend three, environmental protection and health in the direction of European and American standards have become mainstream

Even if white-collar workers in third-tier cities purchase decoration coatings, they will consider environmental protection, health, and safety issues. In the first and second-tier cities, families of intellectuals with a college degree or above have considered the environmental protection and health of coatings a few years ago, and when they renovated, they turned their attention to environmentally friendly coatings that implement European and American standards.

This not only involves environmental issues, but also directly affects the health of consumers and their families. China has encountered obvious challenges in environmental protection standards for coatings, and stricter European and American standards have become popular.

Trend four: the brand's competitive advantage will continue

Consumption awareness of brands in the coatings field is the result of consumers' "perceptual consumption" shifting to "rational consumption". While challenging enterprises, it also represents the industry, and consumers in this industry have become quite mature. .

The report believes that the brand's competitive advantage and brand added value will continue to increase. Only by continually consolidating the brand, maintaining a good brand reputation, and improving brand awareness, can it gain greater market share.

Trend five: home improvement coatings continue to be subdivided

Regarding the classification of home improvement coatings, the report believes that this trend will continue. Around the perspectives of decoration places, social classes, decoration styles, and consumer preferences, more new types of coatings will appear on the market.

Trending six, home paint coating marketing is more three-dimensional

The topic that always surrounds home improvement coatings must be marketing. In a more fragmented and socialized competitive environment, large-scale, vigorous, diversified, creative, interactive, social media, public welfare, and distribution networks constitute marketing. The big game of keywords. ^[3]

Nano is one of the most important science and technology in the world today, and has been successfully applied to various fields such as aviation, aerospace, coatings, clothing, watercolor, rubber and plastics, medicine, semiconductors, and chemical industry. Nanotechnology has also been applied and developed in the coatings industry, prompting the replacement of coatings and creating a breakthrough new era for coatings to become truly green products. Nano coating has been identified as a special product for the construction of Beijing Olympic Village, showing its application value in the field of construction. Nano coatings must meet two conditions:

First, at least one phase has a size in the range of 1 to 100 nm;

Second, the performance of the coating is significantly improved or has new functions due to the presence of the nanophase.

Scientifically speaking, nano coatings should be called

Due to the problems of the production process of traditional coatings, it is always difficult to get rid of the problem of mixed pollutants. Only by making breakthroughs in the level of science and technology and improving the production process of coatings can paint pollution be prevented from the source.

1. Generate negative ion air, which has health effects on the human body;

2. Decompose and absorb harmful substances in the air, and purify the air;

3. Unique anti-mold and sterilization function, healthier;

4, super strong self-cleaning, easy decontamination;

5, super scrub resistance:

Nano Exterior Wall

1. Classification of solid coatings according to the form of coatings, that is, liquid coatings for powder coatings: solvent-based coatings, water-soluble coatings, and water-emulsion coatings;

2. Classification of high-gloss or glossy coating, mercerized or semi-shaped coating, matte or matt coating according to the gloss of the coating;

3. Classification of interior wall coatings, exterior wall coatings, floor coatings, roof coatings, ceiling coatings, etc. according to the painting site;

4. Classification of flat coatings, sand wall coatings, decorative coatings containing quartz sand, stone-like coatings, etc. according to coating coating status;

Fifth, according to the special properties of coatings, anticorrosive coatings, automotive coatings, anti-dew coatings, rust-proof coatings, waterproof coatings, moisturizing coatings, elastic coatings, etc.

Improper substrate surface treatment

Substances such as oxides and soluble salts on the surface of the substrate are the inducing points for coating foaming. The surface of the substrate is contaminated with substances such as wax, oil, dust, soluble salts, etc., or there is moisture, water droplets, volatile liquids on the surface of the substrate, or rust and moisture in the recess of the workpiece during surface treatment, resulting in dry coating Later, the coating on these places does not adhere well to the surface of the substrate, and moisture accumulates in areas with low adhesion, causing liquid or gas phases to accumulate in these areas. When the temperature changes, the vapor pressure caused by its thermal expansion is the main reason for the bubble generation. If it is in a hot and humid environment, the dual effects of vapor pressure and osmotic pressure will aggravate the generation of bubbles. Unremoved rust, oxide scale, etc. react with certain substances in the coating or water, gas, and corrosive media infiltrating from the micro-channels of the coating film, generating gas, and the influence of ambient temperature and humidity will also cause the coating Foaming.

The gas dissolved in the coating is released as the temperature rises

About 10% of the volatile solvent is still formed in the wet film formed by painting, and about 90% of the other solvents have been evaporated to the atmosphere during the painting process. Inappropriate volatilization of solvents in some coatings will also cause solvent residues. The retention ability of solvents is not only related to the volatilization rate of solvents and external conditions, but also to their interaction with solutes and the adsorption of fillers. Residual solvents in the paint, like plasticizers, can soften the coating film. Because the solvent has a certain sensitivity to water, residual solvents can increase the absorption of water by the coating film and the transfer of moisture in the coating. If the coating itself does not adhere well, its water resistance will decrease, which will cause loss of adhesion and cause the coating to blister.

Residual gas from porous substrate

Solvents can also cause the coating film to foam on porous substrates (such as cement, wood). Organic coatings are usually coated on inorganic substrates, and foaming tends to occur when the surface temperature is high. At this time, the bubble generation speed is extremely fast, and it is easy to rupture and expose the substrate. Such bubbles can be eliminated by applying a penetrating primer. Penetrating primers usually have a low viscosity, a thin film, can dry quickly, and have sufficient time to penetrate. Such air bubbles can also be avoided by avoiding high-temperature time construction, etc.

Adsorption of gas or liquid on pigment or filler surface

Soluble fillers in coatings are the cause of many bubble-type ills. Soluble pigments absorb moisture that passes through the coating and become a solution. Due to osmosis, water will be drawn through the coating to the concentrated solution. In addition, if a soluble pigment stains any surface of the substrate or coating, the same phenomenon will occur. Therefore, as long as the coating contains a soluble substance, foaming is inevitable.

Coatings used for building decoration and protection are collectively referred to as architectural coatings. In essence, architectural coatings are not fundamentally different from general coatings, but only an application area of coatings. In China, coatings have been used as decoration and protection materials for buildings for thousands of years, but the classification of architectural coatings alone has only been in recent decades.

In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic, people used lime mortar, cork silver, etc. as decorative materials for the interior and exterior walls of buildings.

In the early 1960s, solvent-based architectural coatings based on cheaper chemical industrial raw materials began to be applied, such as perchloroethylene coatings, styrene tar coatings, polyester waste silk coatings, and more. The surface of these coatings is bright and high in hardness, and has certain waterproof and decorative effects when applied to the walls and floors of buildings. However, the quality of these coatings is often not stable due to the use of chemical by-products as the main raw material. At the same time, a large amount of solvent volatilizes during construction, which has polluted the environment, so it has not been widely developed.

In the 1970s, 106 interior wall coatings based on polyvinyl alcohol and water glass were introduced in Shanghai, setting a precedent for polymer synthetic resin architectural coatings in a real sense, and the names of architectural coatings began to be recognized. Because of its low price, readily available raw materials, and performance that could meet the needs of people at the time, it also used water as a solvent and met environmental protection requirements. Therefore, it has become the largest and most widely used architectural coating in China.

In the middle and late 1970s, a large class of synthetic resin emulsion coatings represented by acrylic copolymer emulsions were successfully developed in Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Guangzhou and other places. The characteristics of this type of coating are water as a dispersing medium, safe and non-toxic, good performance, convenient construction, and good decorative effect, so it quickly won the favor of people.

In the late 1970s, the 38kt acrylic monomer production unit introduced in China was completed and put into operation, which provided sufficient raw materials for the research, production and promotion of acrylic architectural coatings. In addition, the application of inorganic silicate exterior wall architectural coatings and solvent-based chlorinated rubber coatings in the construction field has also developed to a certain extent. People also pay attention to the development of functional architectural coatings, such as fire-resistant coatings, waterproof coatings, anti-mildew coatings, anti-condensation coatings, insecticidal and mosquito-repellent coatings, thermal insulation coatings, and sound insulation coatings. After decades of development, China's architectural coatings industry has developed from scratch, from small to large, and has become an indispensable important industry in the construction of the national economy. In 2000, the national total output of architectural coatings was close to 1000kt, accounting for about 14% of the total coatings output. ^[5]

The source energy quick granules are also called insulation coating additives. A large number of examples have proved that when the source energy fast granules are used on the external wall surface, the summer heat insulation effect can reach the national energy saving requirement of 50%. Its thermal insulation effect in winter can meet the national energy-saving requirement of 45%. The energy-saving effect of coating with the addition of fast-energy particles on the inner surface of the outer wall and the inner surface of the roof can be increased to more than 65%. Source energy fast grains are not harmful to the environment. It has a wide range of applications and significant energy saving effects. It can effectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions while saving energy consumption.