What are Some Different Kinds of Saws?

The sawing machine uses a saw as a tool, and cuts and divides wood by reciprocating motion of a bar or band saw, or rotary motion of a circular saw. Common saws are band saws and circular saws.

Sawing machine

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The sawing machine uses a saw as a tool, and cuts and divides wood by reciprocating motion of a bar or band saw, or rotary motion of a circular saw. Common sawing machines are

The sawing injury accidents mainly include sawing cutting injury, broken blade ejection, and wood blow injury. Cutting injuries are prevented by the use of safety guards and proper operation.

The band saw machine is a woodworking machine that uses a high-speed rotating upper and lower saw wheels to drive the saw blade without a tip. The common problems of various types of band saw machines are the length of the suspended section of the saw blade, the large degree of freedom, and the poor rigidity. Prone problems are vibration, saw blade peeling from the saw wheel, saw blade breakage, etc. Band saw is a kind of complicated structure in woodworking machinery.

The band saw machine is mainly composed of the fuselage, the upper and lower saw wheels, the lifting and tilting device of the saw wheel, the saw tensioning device, the saw card device, and the braking device (see Figure 1).

Figure 1 Composition of Band Saw Machine

1-Motor 2-Belt Protective Cover 3-Table Top 4-Saw Ratio

7-body 8-protective cover 9-fixing screw 10-saw clip 11-foot brake

(1) The fuselage. The role of the fuselage is to support the upper and lower saw wheels and connect the parts of the saw as a whole. Generally made of cast steel or cast iron, it should be firmly combined with the foundation, and the center of gravity should be as low as possible so that the fuselage has sufficient vibration resistance and stability. A vertical guide rail is provided on the fuselage column for lifting the saw wheel bracket. The body should be closed as much as possible.

(2) Saw wheel. There are two upper and lower saw wheels for mounting the saw blade. The lower saw wheel is a driving wheel, which is driven by a motor through a belt drive. In order to increase the moment of inertia to adjust the uneven load impact when sawing the wood and reduce the position of the center of gravity of the machine as much as possible, the lower saw wheel is generally 2.5 to 4.5 times heavier than the upper saw wheel. The lower sawing wheel is mostly a thick cast disc with a spoke plate. The take-off wheel acts. After installation, it must be subjected to a static balance test. The upper saw wheel is a driven wheel with lighter weight.

(3) Saw wheel lifting and tilting device. The function of the device is to move the upper silver wheel through the lifting mechanism, adjust the center distance of the saw wheel, and make the upper saw wheel slightly inclined, so as to load and unload the saw blade and adjust the tension of the saw blade. Small band saw machines are manual, large band saw machines are motorized. Most band saw machines use a heavy-duty balancing device to balance the tension of the saw blade.

(4) Saw card device. The saw card is a guide device of the band saw machine, and its role is to keep the saw blade of the wood section straight and prevent the saw blade from vibrating due to high-speed movement. The function of the pulley behind the saw card is to guide the saw blade, and when the sawing force biases the saw blade backward, the pulley stands against the saw blade back to prevent the saw blade from falling off. The lower saw card is directly fixed on the bottom surface of the worktable, and the upper saw card is installed on the fuselage arm frame. It can move up and down along the slide rail of the fuselage according to the size of the wood. The clearance between the saw card and the saw blade must be moderate. Too tight will cause the saw blade to friction and heat, and too loose will lose its effect.

(5) Braking device. Its role is to overcome the motion inertia of the saw wheel after the motor stalls. This device mostly adopts friction braking method, which is controlled by the lever or eccentric mechanism with the handle or foot pedal.

(6) Ancillary facilities. The object of the large band saw machine is heavy and bulky. The auxiliary facilities include sports cars, log loading devices, log turning devices, and unloading devices. Small band saws generally have only the main unit.

High-speed moving band saw blades are cutting tools and the biggest danger factor for sawing machines. Its safety technical requirements are as follows:

The thickness of the band saw blade should be suitable for the matching band saw wheel. Avoid the use of large thickness saw blades for small wheels, which may cause fracture and injury.

The saw teeth should be sharp and the tooth depth should not exceed 1/4 of the width of the saw blade.

The welding of the band saw blade should be firm and smooth. There should be more than 3 joints. The length between the two joints should be more than 1/5 of the total length. The thickness of the joint should be basically the same as the thickness of the saw blade.

Strictly control the transverse cracks of the band saw blade. If the cracks are too long, cut and re-weld (see Table 1).

The track of a sports car with a large band saw should be straight, with travel switches at both ends, and warning bars should be set on both sides of the sports car.

Crack name	Cracked back or body	Tooth root crack	Cracks on both sides of the weld	Weld crack
Rift indication	1 / 6B	1 / 7B	1 / 10B	Not allowed

Table 1 Crack index of transverse crack with saw blade

Note: B is the width of the band saw blade.

First, cover the saw blade or circular saw disc that is not involved in the sawing part so that the human body cannot contact it.

Second, it can effectively block the broken saw blade or circular saw from breaking teeth, so that it does not fly out and hurt people.

1 . Band saw machine safety device

The safety device of the band saw machine adopts various forms of protective covers: the fixed protective cover closes the saw blade that is not in use; the cover of the movable protective cover can be opened sideways to facilitate the adjustment of the saw blade; the height-adjustable protective cover can be adjusted according to Saw the thickness of the wood and adjust the protective height of the protective cover.

2 . Circular saw machine safety device

The safety device of the circular saw machine adopts a covered safety cover and a dividing knife. The protective metal cover should be able to adjust the height with the size of the sawn wood, so that the exposed saw blade is as small as possible; the cover body should withstand sufficient strength of the unexpected impact of the wood; the saw blade exposed at the lower part of the operating table should also be protected. The function of the dividing knife is to separate the sawn wood and prevent the sawn wood from being suddenly separated from hitting people. The thickness of the dividing knife should be slightly thicker than the saw blade and slightly narrower than the saw path.