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Cucurbit silk, also known as "cucurbit flute," is a musical instrument of ethnic minorities in Yunnan. Cucurbit silk originated in Lianghe County, Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, and is mainly popular in Yunnan, Dehong, Dong Lincang area is rich in local colors. It is often used to play folk songs such as folk songs and agricultural songs.

Gourd

Gourd silk, also known as "gourd flute", is a musical instrument of ethnic minorities in Yunnan.

Gourd silk is a reed-coupling vibration musical instrument. There are three types of high, medium and low bass. D / E / F / G / A / B / etc. are commonly used. Due to the differences in local customs and regional environments between different nationalities, the structure of this instrument such as gourd silk is also different.

Because the traditional gourd silk has seven sound holes (supervisor) in production, one sound hole and one sound (you can not blow an octave on one sound hole through the change of breath like bamboo flute), and a tube sound can be used in total. Blow out eight sounds. Therefore, in general, traditional gourd silk can change the original fingering by moving the position of the palace tone. In theory, it can blow five to six tones. However, due to the limitation of the range and scale arrangement, traditional gourd silk can only turn four tones. There are only two commonly used tunes, the tube sound for the bass "5" and the tube sound for "1" and this tone (the tube sound for 5) is the most commonly used. Taking C-shaped gourd silk as an example, in addition to this key (3 for the third hole), G can also be played (for the tube sound "1"). It is a six-tone mode based on the pentatonic scale of the national mode. There are certain limitations on it. Not all music can be played. You must choose appropriately according to the range of the music. The best key is to play "1" in the fourth hole. If the music needs to be changed, you can solve it by replacing the gourd silk. In general, gourd silk is commonly used to lower B, C, D, F and so on.

The calabash tone range does not reach three 8 degrees or more like the familiar bamboo flute, which is usually within 9 degrees and at most 11 degrees. It is a national tone scale. Its sound is soft and delicate, round and rustic, soft and charming, very expressive, and is loved by the people. No matter folk music or professional stage, you can hear its beautiful and beautiful sound.

Gourd silk is often used for playing

1. Super Treble: Minor B, Minor B, Minor A, Minor G

2. Treble: Minor F, Minor E, Minor E, Minor D

3 Second treble: small D, small C (beginners preferred), B

4 Alto: B flat (for beginners), A flat

5. Tenor: A flat, G flat

6. Bass: G-down, F-flat

7. Subwoofer: Big E, Big D, Big C

First level

Golden peacock jumps gently ... Ren Minqu

Water girls ... ... Dai folk songs

serenade

The structure of gourd silk is very special, mainly composed of three parts, namely natural gourd, bamboo tube and copper reed, so the three main components should be carefully screened in selection. The appearance of the gourd silk should be fine and beautiful, and then look at the three components separately.

Selection of air box gourds: choose mature gourds with yellow color and strong skin; immature gourds have thin skin and white color and are easy to damage.

The choice of bamboo tube is very important because it directly affects the sound quality. A good gourd silk should first be fine-grained and mature. Relatively speaking, it has a certain weight. If it is too light, it is not appropriate.

The selection of the reed is particularly important. The quality of the reed should have certain technical standards, vibration frequency, anti-fatigue ability, etc. These indicators cannot be verified due to conditions. The reed vibration and bamboo tube can only be felt through the audition. Choose the sound of the coupling.

The most important thing when buying gourd silk is the pitch problem. Because the change of temperature difference has a great influence on the reed vibration frequency, the smaller the contrast of a good gourd silk, the better and relatively stable. To identify the pitch, use the fingering for full bass 5 to play the lowest note 5 (this is unstable and mostly high) and the treble 6. If these two notes are auditioned without problems, blow the scales to see if each note is The pronunciation is clean and there is no murmur (murmur).

Requirements for attached tubes: The main criterion is that the pitch is the same as that of the supervisor, and the sound volume is lower than that of the supervisor (the volume cannot exceed that of the supervisor, otherwise the noise is dominant). If the above conditions can be met, it is a good gourd.

Gourd silk is a reed instrument, so it is not suitable to play for a long period of time. For example, playing for a few hours may cause the reed to overheat, causing the reed to deform and produce a sand or treble. Can't play scale.

Gourd silk circulation ventilation method

Cycling is a difficult technique in the performance of gourds. It means that the player inhales quickly through the nose during the playing process, while exhaling the remaining air in the mouth while inhaling, so that the air flow from the player is not interrupted during inhalation. The purpose is to better express the content and feelings of the music, forming a unique style and charm. However, human vital capacity is

Gourd silk (6 photos)

Limited, you must breathe to keep the sound long; while exhalation and inhalation are opposite and cannot be performed simultaneously, the sound will be cut off during inhalation. In order to resolve this contradiction, we have to find a way out of the mouth, that is, before the breath is blown out, the breath is squeezed out through the pressure of the mouth and the chin, and at the same time, the nose quickly inhales sufficient breath, This loop repeats, making the music endless. The main point is: ventilation can not be performed when the breath is exhausted, or under the premise of breath, otherwise you will feel shortness of breath and uncomfortable breath, less inhaled breath and insufficient supply, can not meet the needs of normal performance. The whole process must not feel suffocating, let it go naturally, calm down, don't be nervous, and the change must be changed in time to inhale enough breath to supply the need for performance. It is not necessary to start training on the gourd wire. Instead, use a small tube to insert a container filled with water. The mouth contains a tube to blow in. While blowing in the mouth, the nose inhales. The blisters are continuous, and the bubbling is not interrupted even when the nose is inhaled. This way, repeatedly blowing in the mouth and inhaling the nose until you can easily reach the continuous bubbling in the water during ventilation, then practice on the gourd silk. , Repeated experience, practice, you can gradually master.

Gourd tremolo practice method

Tremolo is a technique commonly used in the performance of gourds. With vibrato in the music, the expressiveness of the music is richer, especially the rapid vibrato in the climax will be exciting. The vibrato can make the sound of the wave have a wavy feel. Use tr to mark in the score. When playing the vibrato, quickly open the finger above the main sound and press it continuously to make the continuous sound between the second and the second tone. Repeat, and finally return to the original sound. When practicing, you should pay attention not to lift your fingers too high. Lifting too high will affect the speed of your fingers, and the vibrato will not sound good. The practice of vibrato is the most important and longest practice in fingering practice. The quality of vibrato is mainly based on the elasticity of the fingers. Elasticity is to make each sound of vibrato full of grain. When training for vibrato, relax your fingers as much as possible, and keep the other fingers pressing a certain amount of tension to form the necessary fulcrum. Pay attention to strengthening the training of the ring finger of both hands. The speed of the vibrato depends on the emotion and speed of the music. In addition to the second-degree vibrato, there are also third- and fourth-degree vibrato.