What Are the Different Methods of Quality Control in Construction?

Project quality control refers to the systematic management activities carried out by using a set of quality management systems, methods and methods to ensure and improve project quality.

The goal of construction project quality control is to achieve the predetermined quality target of the project on the premise of meeting investment and schedule requirements through effective quality control work and specific quality control measures.

1. System control

The system control of construction project quality control should be considered: first, to avoid the tendency to continuously improve quality objectives; second, to ensure the realization of basic quality objectives; and third, to maximize the positive effect of quality control on investment objectives and progress objectives.

2. Full process control

The realization of the overall quality goals of construction projects is closely related to the formation process of engineering quality, so it is necessary to implement full-process control on engineering quality. The objectives and tasks of quality control at each stage should be determined in accordance with the characteristics and priorities of quality control at each stage of the construction project in order to achieve quality control throughout the process.

The duration of the design and construction phases is relatively long, and the "process" of these two phases is particularly prominent.

3 Full control

The comprehensive control of construction project quality should start from the following aspects: first, control the quality of all engineering content of the construction project; second, control all content of the quality target of the construction project. Special attention should be paid to the control of design quality, and as many comparisons as possible should be made. Third, all factors affecting the quality goals of construction projects should be controlled. For example, these influencing factors can be divided into five aspects: human, machine, material, method and environment. The all-round control of quality control is to control these five factors.

4 Special Issues in Quality Control

The first is to implement triple control over the quality of construction projects, that is, the implementer's own quality control, the government's supervision of project quality, and the quality control of the supervision unit. For the quality of construction projects, it is necessary to strengthen the quality control of the government and the quality control of the supervision unit, but it must not weaken or weaken the quality control of the implementers themselves.

The second is the handling of engineering quality accidents. In the implementation of construction supervision projects, reducing general engineering quality accidents and eliminating major engineering quality accidents should be said to be the most basic requirements. For this reason, not only the supervision unit should strengthen the pre-control and treatment of project quality accidents, but also strengthen the quality control of the project implementers themselves, and implement specific measures to reduce and eliminate project quality accidents into the project implementation process, and implement them into each In a process. ^[1]

Project quality control is divided into self-control subjects and monitoring subjects according to their implementation subjects. The former refers to those who are directly engaged in quality functions and the latter refers to supervisors who monitor the quality capabilities and effects of others, mainly including the following four aspects:

Government's engineering quality control. The government belongs to the monitoring body. It is mainly based on laws and regulations.

The quality control at the decision-making stage is mainly to select the best construction plan through the feasibility study of the project, so that the quality requirements of the project conform to the owner's intentions, and are coordinated with the investment objectives and with the local environment.

The quality control of the engineering survey and design phase is mainly to select a survey and design unit to ensure that the engineering design meets the quality requirements determined at the decision-making stage, that the design meets the relevant technical specifications and standards, and that the design documents and drawings meet the site and construction requirements. The actual conditions, so that its depth can meet the needs of construction.

Quality control during the construction phase of the project. One is to select the best construction unit that can guarantee the quality of the project. The other is to strictly supervise the contractor to carry out the construction according to the design drawings and form the final building product that meets the requirements of the contract documents. ^[2]

The main factors affecting quality control are people, materials, machinery, methods and environment. Therefore, strict control of these five factors is the key to ensuring the quality of the project.

1. people

The personnel involved in the project construction can be divided into:

(1) Decision-making level: decision-makers involved in project construction.

(2) Management: executives of decision-making intentions, including functional personnel at all levels of functional departments and project departments.

(3) Operation layer: the operators of various operations in the project implementation, including technical workers and auxiliary workers.

The influence of human factors mainly refers to the influence of the quality awareness and quality activity ability of the above personnel on the formation of construction quality. As a control object, people should try to avoid mistakes; as a control force, they should fully mobilize people's enthusiasm and give play to their leading role. The quality of personnel participating in the construction must be effectively controlled, and the quality of people's quality activities must be continuously improved to ensure the quality of construction.

2. material

Engineering materials include engineering materials and construction materials, which generally refer to various types of building materials, structural parts, semi-finished products, etc. that constitute engineering entities. They have a wide variety and thousands of specifications. Various engineering materials are the material conditions for engineering construction, so the quality of materials is the basis of engineering quality. Whether the selection of engineering materials is reasonable, whether the products are qualified, whether the materials have been tested, whether they are properly stored and used, etc., will directly affect the quality of the construction project, affect the appearance and look of the project, affect the function of the project, and affect the service life of the project. If the material quality does not meet the requirements, the engineering quality cannot reach the standard. Therefore, strengthening the quality control of materials is an important basis for ensuring project quality.

3 method

The construction method includes the technical scheme adopted during the entire construction cycle, construction technology, construction methods and construction technical measures, organizational measures, detection methods, construction organization design, etc. The correctness of the construction plan directly affects whether the project quality control can be successfully implemented. Often due to poorly considered construction plans, delays progress, affects quality, and increases investment. For this reason, when formulating and reviewing the construction plan, it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive analysis and comprehensive consideration from the aspects of technology, management, craftsmanship, organization, operation, and economy in combination with the actual conditions of the project, and strive to make the plan technically feasible, economically reasonable, advanced in technology, effective in measures, Convenient operation is conducive to improving quality, speeding up schedule and reducing costs.

4 mechanical

Machinery and equipment can be divided into two categories. One refers to the process equipment and various types of equipment that make up the engineering entity, such as elevators, pumps, ventilation equipment, etc. (referred to as engineering equipment and equipment). Their role is to combine with the engineering entity to ensure that the project forms a complete use function. Its quality directly affects the use of engineering functions. The second is construction machinery and various types of construction equipment. They include various types of machinery and equipment used in the construction process, including transportation equipment for large vertical and horizontal moving building parts, various operating tools, various construction safety measures, and various measuring instruments , Measurement tools, etc. Construction machinery and equipment are an important material basis for the implementation of all construction plans and methods. Reasonable selection and proper use of construction machinery and equipment are important measures to ensure the quality of construction.

5. surroundings

There are many environmental factors affecting engineering quality, including engineering geology, hydrology, meteorology, noise, ventilation, vibration, lighting, and pollution. The impact of environmental factors on project quality has complex and changeable characteristics. For example, meteorological conditions change a lot. Temperature, humidity, wind, heavy rain, extreme heat, and severe cold all directly affect project quality. Often, the previous process is the environment of the latter process The environment of the previous sub-item and sub-project is the latter sub-item and sub-project. Therefore, according to the characteristics and specific conditions of the project, we should take effective measures to strictly control the environmental factors that affect quality. ^[3]