What Are the Different Types of Brick Construction?

House structure generally refers to the load-bearing structure and the envelope structure of its building. Before the construction of a house, the structure type is determined according to the number of floors, cost and construction of the building. Houses of various structures have different durability, seismic resistance, safety and space use performance. Nowadays there are cast-in-place frame structures, steel-concrete structures, brick-concrete structures, fabricated reinforced concrete structures, and cast-in-situ shear walls. Structure, etc.

Building Structure Type

There are mainly reinforced concrete frame structures,

It is customary to call a wall of 370 mm thick as a "three-seven wall" and a wall of 240 mm thick as a "two-four wall" ... In engineering, walls with a thickness of 240 mm or more are often used as load-bearing walls, less than 240 mm. Thick walls are used as non-load bearing walls. The bearing wall is divided into a vertical bearing wall and a horizontal bearing wall, which bear the load of the upper part of the building and the seismic force from the vertical and horizontal directions. The outer wall should be given full attention due to its bearing capacity. Non-load bearing walls only bear their own weight and do not bear the upper load. They can be used as partition walls. In the interior decoration, to ensure the safety of its building structure, it is necessary to attach great importance to and eliminate the hidden dangers to the residential structure caused by the "wall demolition and hole drilling" in the decoration. The user of the house must establish the consciousness of safety first, and it is strictly forbidden to demolish or modify the main body and load-bearing structure in the decoration. Do not open holes in the load-bearing wall; do not arbitrarily expand the door and window openings; the inter-wall and under-window walls of the outer wall are important parts that bear the load. Do not remove the under-window wall on the balcony during the decoration project. Often the overturning instability of the balcony is caused, resulting in a personal safety accident. Arbitrary openings of doors and windows on the load-bearing wall not only reduce the cross-sectional area of the wall, but also cause the wall to crack near the opening during the process of cutting the wall. The actual damaged part has exceeded the width of the opening, which may weaken the section of the load-bearing wall If it is too large, the brickwork can no longer meet the requirements of bearing capacity and stability, and there is a danger of collapse at any time.

Due to the mechanical limitation of brick-concrete houses and the use of a large number of clay bricks, the cultivated land is severely damaged, and the utilization rate of construction land is not high. In today's increasingly scarce land resources, the amount of brick-concrete houses in urban development has gradually decreased. However, in the construction of commercial housing, because of its lower price and smaller pool area, it is still favored by many people.

Building Structure Type Frame

A frame structure house refers to a house that is made of reinforced concrete and cast into load-bearing beams and columns, and then assembled with prefabricated aerated concrete, expanded perlite, pumice stone, vermiculite, pottery and other light-weight plate partition walls. Suitable for large-scale industrial construction, higher efficiency and better engineering quality.

The frame structure is composed of beams and columns, and the cross-section of the component is small, so the bearing capacity and stiffness of the frame structure are low. Its stress characteristics are similar to vertical cantilever shear beams. The higher the floor, the slower the horizontal displacement, and the higher frame Both the vertical and horizontal directions are subject to a large horizontal force. At this time, the cast-in-situ floor also works as a beam, and the role of assembling the integral floor is not considered. The wall of the frame structure is the infill wall, which acts as the enclosure and Separation effect, the frame structure is characterized by providing flexible use of space for the building, but poor seismic performance.

1. Frame-shear wall structure, referred to as frame-shear structure. It is a combination of two systems of frame structure and shear wall structure, drawing on their respective strengths. It can provide a large use space for the floor plan of the building and has good lateral force resistance. The shear wall in the frame-shear structure can be set separately, or it can also use walls such as elevator shafts, stairwells, and pipeline shafts. Therefore, this structure has been widely used in various types of house construction.

2. The deformation of the frame shear structure is a shear-bend type. As we all know, the deformation of the frame structure is shear type, the relative deformation between the upper layers is small, and the relative deformation between the lower layers is large. The deformation of the shear wall structure is curved, with relatively large deformation between the upper layers and relatively small deformation between the lower layers. For frame-shear structures, due to the coordinated deformation of the two structures, bending and shear deformation is formed, which reduces the relative displacement ratio between the layers and the peak displacement ratio, and improves the lateral stiffness of the structure.

3. Horizontal loads are mainly carried by shear walls. From the perspective of the stress characteristics, since the lateral stiffness of the shear wall in the frame-shear structure is much greater than the lateral stiffness of the frame, under horizontal loads, generally more than 80% is borne by the shear wall. Therefore, the distribution of the floor shear force of the frame structure under the horizontal load is uniformly distributed along the height, and the bending moments of the beams and columns in each layer are relatively close, which is conducive to reducing the beam and column specifications and facilitating construction.

Frame Structure Shear Force

Frame-supported shear wall refers to the arrangement of a shear wall system on the upper part of the frame shear wall structure (in the position of the conversion layer). Part of the shear wall does not fall. It is generally used for large open rooms in the lower part, which cannot be used in upper houses, hotels Comprehensive high-rise building with column corners. Frame support-shear wall structures have poor seismic performance and high cost, and should be avoided as much as possible. However, it can meet the needs of different functional combinations of modern buildings, and sometimes the structural design is unavoidable. This type of structure should be adopted to actively improve its seismic performance, reduce material consumption as much as possible, and reduce engineering costs.

Building Structure Type Shear Wall

In fact, it is a cast-in-situ reinforced concrete wall, which mainly bears horizontal seismic loads. Such horizontal loads generate a horizontal shear force on the walls and columns. The shear wall structure is composed of lateral and vertical walls to resist the lateral force system. Its stiffness It is large, the space is good, and the beams and columns are not exposed in the room, which is convenient for indoor layout and use. Shear wall structures have good seismic performance. The disadvantage is that the structure is self-heavy. Prestressed shear wall structures can often achieve large space residential layouts. Shear wall structure forms are the most widely used structure for high-rise residences. form. At this time, the partition wall of the room and the partition wall of the pre-stressed kitchen and bathroom can be separated by prefabricated lightweight partition walls. This method brings great convenience to the renovation and is also welcomed by the majority of residents.

Frame shear wall structure house integrates the advantages of frame structure and shear wall structure, flexible space layout, and good seismic performance.

Classified by building structure

Steel structure means that the main load-bearing components are constructed of steel materials, including suspension cable structures.

Steel and reinforced concrete structure means that the main load-bearing components are constructed of steel and reinforced concrete.

Reinforced concrete structure means that the main load-bearing components are constructed of reinforced concrete. Including thin-shell structure, large formwork cast-in-situ structure, and reinforced concrete structures constructed using sliding forms, risers, etc. Hybrid structure means that the main load-bearing components are constructed of reinforced concrete and brick and wood. For example, a house's beams are made of reinforced concrete and brick walls are used as load-bearing walls, or the beams are made of wood and the columns are made of reinforced concrete.

Brick-wood structure means that the main components of the load-bearing structure are made of brick and wood. For example, a house is built with wooden trusses, brick walls, and wooden columns.

Other structures refer to all houses that do not belong to the above structure. Such as bamboo structure, brick arch structure, cave dwelling, etc.

The main difference between a frame-shear structure and a frame structure is the addition of shear walls. The lateral stiffness of the frame structure is not strong, especially for high-rise or super-high-rise frame structure buildings! In order to solve this problem, shear walls are used.