What Are the Different Types of Heavy Lifting Equipment?

The lifting equipment starts the vertical or vertical and horizontal working stroke after reclaiming, unloads after reaching the destination, and then empty the stroke to the reclaiming point, completes a working cycle, and then performs the second lifting or handling.

Hoisting machinery can also be called lifting equipment. It is an important tool and equipment to realize the mechanization and automation of the production process in industrial, transportation and construction enterprises, reduce heavy physical labor and improve labor productivity. In China, we already have a large variety of Lifting equipment. Although the number of lifting equipment used in college laboratories is not large and the tonnage is not large, the maintenance and safe operation of the lifting equipment is more important because the frequency of the lifting equipment is not high.

Lifting equipment is a kind of conveying machinery that lifts, lowers, and horizontally moves materials in an intermittent operation. The operation of lifting equipment usually has the nature of repeated cycles. With the development of science and technology and production, lifting equipment is constantly being improved and developed. Advanced electrical, optical, and computer technologies have been applied to lifting equipment. The trend is to increase the degree of automation, work efficiency and performance. , Make the operation more simplified, labor-saving and more secure. ^[1]

Most lifting equipment starts vertical or

According to different structures, lifting equipment can be divided into light and small lifting equipment,

Various lifting equipments have different uses and are very different in structure, but they all have the basic action of lifting.

1) Lifting equipment is usually large in structure and complicated in structure, and can complete lifting and horizontal movements. E.g,

Article 1: Various cranes shall be installed, indicating signs indicating mechanical performance, and hoisting limiters, load controllers, interlock switches and other devices shall be installed as required. Rail-mounted cranes shall be installed for walking.

Regardless of the industry, when using lifting equipment, perform a safety inspection on the lifting equipment, and perform a maintenance on the lifting equipment to detect abnormal conditions in a timely manner and handle them in a timely manner to ensure the safe operation of the lifting equipment and avoid any accidents. The accident happened. Eliminate some hidden dangers in the bud state, this is not only responsible for the progress of the project, but also responsible for the life and property of the construction staff.

1. The reasons why the lifting equipment needs to be checked are as follows:

1. Check whether all kinds of protective covers, guardrails, guard plates, ladders, etc. on the lifting equipment are complete and reliable. The exposed transmission on the crane may cause wounding and open transmission; couplings, sprockets, chains, transmission belts Whether there is a protective cover for rotating parts, whether there is a protective fence on the pedestrian walkway on the crane, the ladder and the exposed part of the person, is it in compliance with the requirements?

2. The rain cover shall be provided for the electrical equipment of the crane in the open air.

3. The setting of the brake, whether the type of the brake meets the design requirements, whether the brake rods, springs have fatigue deformation, cracks, and other defects; whether the pins, mandrels, brake wheels, and brake friction discs have worn out excessively, and whether the hydraulic brakes Oil leakage; whether the brake clearance adjustment and braking ability meet the requirements.

Second, the safety inspection methods of the eight general parts of the crane:

1. Hook. Check whether the mark of the hook and the anti-dropout device meet the requirements, whether there are any cracks, peeling and other defects in the hook; whether the cross section of the hook is worn, the increase of the opening degree, the torsional deformation exceeds the standard; whether the neck and surface of the hook are fatigue Deformation, cracks and wear of related pins and sleeves.

2. Wire rope. Commonly used varieties are phosphate-coated steel wire rope, galvanized steel wire rope and smooth wire rope. It is necessary to check whether the specifications and models of the wire rope match the design requirements of the pulley drum. Whether the wire rope fixing devices such as pressure plates, rope clamps and deeds at the fixed end of the wire rope meet the requirements. Whether the wire rope is worn, broken, kinked, squashed, bent, broken, or corroded.

3. Braking device.

4. Reel. Are there any fatigue cracks or damages on the drum body and the drum edge? Whether the rope groove and the drum wall wear exceeds the standard; whether the height of the drum rim and the number of winding layers of the wire rope can be matched; Claim;

5. Pulley. Whether the pulley is equipped with an anti-off rope groove device; whether there are cracks, broken edges, and excessive wear on the rope groove and rim of the pulley; and whether the pulley can rotate flexibly.

6. Reducer. Are there any abnormal sounds such as severe metal friction noise, vibration, and shell radiation during the operation of the reducer? Whether the shaft end is intact and whether the fixing bolts are loose and defective; etc .; Lubricant selection, oil level, and vertical reducer lubrication Whether the oil pump operation and open gear transmission lubrication meet the requirements.

7. Wheels. Whether there are fatigue cracks on the wheel tread and axle, and whether the wheel tread has worn axles. Whether or not the track phenomenon occurs during operation. What is the cause of the bad track?

Third, the daily maintenance and management of the crane:

1. Daily inspection. The routine maintenance items for which the driver is responsible for the operation, the main contents are cleanliness, lubrication of transmission parts, adjustment and tightening work. The safety and reliability of the safety device is tested by running, and it is monitored for abnormal sound during running.

2. Weekly inspection. Performed by the maintenance worker and the driver, in addition to the daily inspection items, the main content is visual inspection, checking the safety status of the hooks, picking devices, wire ropes, etc., the sensitivity and reliability of the brakes, clutches, and emergency alarm devices. Observe whether there are abnormal noises in the transmission parts and overheating.

3. Monthly inspection. The equipment safety management department organizes inspections and jointly conducts with relevant personnel in the use department. In addition to the weekly inspection content, it mainly performs state inspection on the power system, lifting mechanism, slewing mechanism, operating mechanism and hydraulic system of the lifting machinery, replaces the Deformed, cracked, and corroded parts. For electrical control systems, check the reliability of power feeding devices, controllers, overload protection, and safety protection devices. Through the test operation, check for signs of failure caused by the leakage, pressure, temperature, vibration, noise and other reasons of the lifting machine. After observation, the structure, support and transmission parts of the crane are subjectively inspected in the state, and the technical status of the crane is mastered, and the source of the abnormality is checked and determined.

4. Annual inspection. The unit's leadership organizes the equipment safety management department to take the lead and jointly carry out with the relevant departments. In addition to the monthly inspection project, it mainly conducts technical parameter testing and reliability testing of lifting machinery, through testing equipment, lifting machinery, and moving parts of various working mechanisms. The wear and tear of metal structures, test flaws, and testing of safety devices and components are used to evaluate the operating technical conditions of lifting equipment. Arrange overhaul, renovation, and renewal plans.

Of course, these are the most basic common sense that must be mastered by the crane master. The use and maintenance of heavy lifting equipment is very important. In order to avoid unnecessary accidents, the crane is recommended to use heavy lifting equipment, and it must be done daily maintenance and inspection to be foolproof. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the following three new standards, which will be implemented from July 1.