What Are the Different Types of Molded Rubber Products?

Rubber products refer to the activities of producing various rubber products using natural and synthetic rubber as raw materials, and also include ^[1] rubber products reproduced from waste rubber. The output of synthetic rubber has greatly exceeded that of natural rubber, of which the largest output is styrene-butadiene rubber.

rubber products

1. During the molding of rubber products, after the large pressure is pressed, the cohesive force of the elastomer cannot be eliminated. When molding is released from the mold, it often produces extremely unstable shrinkage (the shrinkage rate of rubber varies with different rubber types) , It will take some time to be gentle and stable. Therefore, at the beginning of the design of a rubber product, it is necessary to calculate the fit carefully regardless of the formula or the mold. If not, the size of the product is likely to be unstable and the quality of the product will be lowered.

2. Rubber is a hot-melt and thermosetting elastomer, and plastic is a hot-melt and cold-set. Due to the different types of sulfide rubber, the temperature range of molding and curing of rubber is also quite different. It can even be affected by climate change and indoor temperature and humidity. Therefore, the production conditions of rubber products need to be appropriately adjusted at any time. If not, there may be differences in product quality.

3. Rubber products are made from rubber raw materials, which are made by mixing mixers with rubber mixers as raw materials. During rubber mixing, formulas are designed according to the characteristics of the required rubber products, and the required product hardness is determined. Product production and molding is carried out by rubber flat vulcanizing machine. After molding, the product is finally flashed to make the surface of the product smooth and without burrs.

4. Rubber products aging test belongs to the aging test category. Rubber aging refers to the phenomenon that during the processing, storage and use of rubber and products, the performance structure changes due to the combined effect of internal and external factors, and the use value is lost. It appears as cracking, stickiness, hardening, softening, chalking, discoloration, and mildew.

In 2011, the European debt crisis continued to spread, the international market responded sensitively, and the domestic macroeconomic downturn. The rubber products industry, which is widely used in the national economy and played an important role, was inevitably affected. At the same time, the three major natural rubber exporting countries in the upstream have formed a strategic alliance to raise the price of rubber, which has led to a reduction in production and production due to increased production costs. The downstream automotive manufacturing industry is facing policy control risks, while the macro-control policies of the real estate industry have not Relax. Many factors have led to a slowdown in the development of the rubber products industry.

Production and operation status of 10 key domestic and foreign tire companies in January 2013: tire output decreased by 0.53% month-on-month and increased by 32.22% year-on-year, of which radial tire output increased by 44.28% year-on-year; tire export delivery increased by 30.55% year-on-year; finished product inventory A year-on-year decrease of -7.46% was achieved.

The January data is better than the same period last year, and the industry is picking up. In January of this year, China s tire output increased significantly year-on-year, exports significantly improved, and the value of finished goods for the first time showed a negative growth. Because the Spring Festival last year was in January, there were fewer effective working days, which resulted in a low base and a large increase. In recent months, the output of radial tires has basically maintained an increase of more than 10%, and the value of finished products has continued to decline, indicating that the demand for tires in our country has continued to improve, and it is just at that time.

Sponge rubber is a porous elastomeric material, which is also commonly called foam rubber, foamed rubber or microcellular rubber. It is a general term for various rubbers with a perforated structure. ASTM D1055 and ASTM D1056 define and classify latex sponges and dry rubber sponges, respectively, and formulate the measurement methods of conventional physical properties. The standard defines that the perforations of such porous materials should be spread throughout the material. According to the structure of the perforations, it can be divided into closed cells (perforations and perforations are not connected with each other), and open cells (perforations and perforations are not perforated by each other. Completely separated, with a certain degree of conjointness) and mixed holes (both open and closed holes). According to this, microcellular rubber mainly includes two types of expanded rubber and sponge rubber. Due to different usage habits, the meaning of "sponge rubber" in domestic scientific and technological literature does not distinguish the open-cell and closed-cell mechanisms of the cells.

There are many types of sponge rubber, and the classification methods are various:

Compared with solid rubber, sponge rubber has many special and valuable properties due to its structural specificity, that is, its porosity, such as: , low apparent density, light weight and low cost; , rich in elasticity and softness It has excellent sealing effects such as dust resistance, waterproof gas, etc. It improves the heat insulation performance and has a lower thermal conductivity; It improves the ability to absorb shock loads and has excellent cushioning and damping performance; It improves sound insulation , Sound absorption effect; , improve touch, improve comfort; , a wide range of physical properties, changing the apparent density or cell structure can get the corresponding performance of sponge rubber. Therefore, sponge rubber products are widely used in many aspects such as sealing, shock absorption, heat insulation, sound insulation, printing and dyeing, and even ion exchange. They are widely used in aviation, automotive, instruments, meters, home appliances and packaging industries. Its shape includes plate, strip, tube, roller, washer, etc., with various specifications and different shapes. Different use conditions require different perforation structures and pore sizes. For this reason, it is required to make corresponding adjustments in the formula design and processing technology to achieve the corresponding performance.

Linear structure: general structure of unvulcanized rubber. Due to its large molecular weight, it has a fine mass without external force. When an external force is applied and removed, the degree of entanglement of the small group changes, and the molecular chain rebounds, resulting in a strong tendency to recover. This is the origin of the high elasticity of rubber.

Branched structure: The aggregation of the branches of the rubber macromolecule chain forms a gel. Gels are detrimental to rubber performance and processing. When mixing, various compounding agents often improve the gel area, form a local blank, cannot form reinforcement and cross-linking, and become a weak part of the product.

Cross-linked structure: Linear molecules are connected to each other through the bridging of some atoms or groups of atoms to form a three-dimensional network structure. With the progress of the vulcanization process, this structure is continuously strengthened. In this way, the free movement ability of the chain segment is reduced, the plasticity and elongation are decreased, the strength, elasticity and hardness are increased, and the compression set and the swelling degree are decreased.

First, the basic process

There are many types of rubber products, but the production process is basically the same. The basic process of rubber products using general solid rubber-raw rubber as raw materials includes 6 basic procedures of plasticizing, mixing, calendering, extrusion, molding, and vulcanization. Of course, basic procedures such as raw material preparation, finished product finishing, inspection and packaging are also indispensable. The processing technology of rubber is mainly to resolve the contradiction between plasticity and elastic properties. Through various technological methods, the elastic rubber is made into a plasticized plastic compound, and various compounding agents are added to make a semi-finished product, and then the plastic semi-finished product is turned into a rubber product with high elasticity and good physical and mechanical properties through vulcanization .

Preparation of raw materials

1. The main raw material of rubber products is raw rubber, which grows in tropical and subtropical rubber trees and is collected by manually cutting the bark.

2. Various compounding agents are auxiliary materials added to improve some properties of rubber products.

3. Fibrous materials (cotton, linen, wool and various man-made fibers, synthetic fibers and metal materials, steel wires) are used as framework materials for rubber products to enhance mechanical strength and limit product variations. During the preparation of raw materials, the ingredients must be accurately weighed according to the formula. In order to make the raw rubber and the compounding agent uniformly mix with each other, the material needs to be processed. Raw rubber should be softened in a drying room at 60-70 , then cut and broken into small pieces. Such as paraffin, stearic acid, rosin, etc. must be crushed. If the powder contains mechanical impurities or coarse particles, it needs to be screened to remove liquids such as pine tar, coomarone needs to be heated, melted, evaporated water, filtered impurities, the compound must be dried, otherwise it is easy to agglomerate, if it cannot be dispersed during mixing Air bubbles generated during uniform vulcanization will affect product quality

Third, plastic

Raw rubber is rich in elasticity and lacks the plasticity necessary for processing, so it is not easy to process. In order to improve its plasticity, it is necessary to plasticize the raw rubber, so that the compounding agent is easily dispersed evenly in the raw rubber during mixing, and it also helps to improve the permeability of the rubber material into the fabric during the calendering and molding process And molding fluidity. The process of degrading the long-chain molecules of raw rubber to form plasticity is called plasticizing. There are two types of raw rubber plastic smelting: mechanical plastic smelting and thermoplastic smelting. Mechanical mastication is to reduce the degradation of long-chain rubber molecules from the high-elasticity state to the plastic state through the mechanical extrusion and friction of the plasticizer at a not too high temperature. Thermoplastic smelting is the introduction of hot compressed air into the raw rubber to reduce the length of long chain molecules under the action of heat and oxygen to obtain plasticity.

Fourth, mixing

In order to adapt to a variety of different conditions of use, to obtain a variety of different properties, and to improve the performance of rubber products and reduce costs, different compounding agents must be added to the raw rubber. Mixing is a process in which the plasticized raw rubber is mixed with the compounding agent and placed in a rubber mixer to mechanically mix the compounding agent to completely and uniformly disperse the raw compound in the raw rubber. Mixing is an important process in the production of rubber products. If the mixing is not uniform, the effects of rubber and compounding agents cannot be fully exerted to affect the performance of the product. The rubber compound obtained after mixing is called mixed rubber. It is a semi-finished material for manufacturing various rubber products. The rubber compound is commonly sold as a commodity. The buyer can use the rubber compound to directly process and vulcanize the rubber product. . According to different formulations, there are a series of different grades and varieties with different properties.

Five, molding

In the production process of rubber products, a calender or an extruder is used to make a variety of shapes and sizes in advance. This process is called molding. The molding methods are

Calendering

Suitable for making simple sheet and plate products. It is a method of pressing the compounded rubber into a certain shape and a certain size through a calender, which is called calendering. Some rubber products, such as tires, tapes, hoses and other textile fiber materials must be coated with a thin layer of glue on the fiber, also known as glue or rubbing-the coating process is usually completed on the calender. Fibre materials need to be dried and dipped before drying. The purpose is to reduce the moisture content of the fiber material to prevent the water from evaporating and foaming, and to increase the temperature of the fiber material to ensure the quality of the calendering process. Dip is a necessary process before hanging glue, in order to improve the binding performance of fiber material and rubber material.

2. Extrusion molding

For more complex rubber products? Such as tire treads, hoses, and wire surface rubber coatings need to be manufactured by extrusion molding. It is a method of putting the compounding rubber with certain plasticity into the hopper of the extruder and extruding it through a variety of mouth shapes, also called templates, under the extrusion of the screw. Before extrusion, the rubber must be preheated to make the rubber soft and easy to squeeze out to obtain a rubber product with a smooth surface and accurate size.

3. Moulding

You can also use the molding method to make some rubber products with complex shapes such as leather bowls and seal rings. The rubber material is placed in the mold and heated to form by using the formed female and male molds.

Six, vulcanization

The process of converting plastic rubber into elastic rubber is called vulcanization. It is to add a certain amount of vulcanizing agent such as sulfur, vulcanization accelerator, etc. to the semi-finished product made of raw rubber. In a vulcanization tank, it is heated at a predetermined temperature and kept warm. The raw rubber's linear molecules are crosslinked with each other to form a solid network structure by generating "sulfur bridges", so that the plastic compound becomes a highly vulcanized rubber. Since the cross-linking bond is mainly composed of sulfur, it is called "vulcanization". With the rapid development of synthetic rubber, there are many types of vulcanizing agents, in addition to sulfur, there are organic polysulfides, peroxides, metal oxides and so on. Therefore, the process of converting the plastic rubber with a linear structure into the elastic rubber with a three-dimensional network structure is called vulcanization. Any substance that can play a "bridge" role in rubber materials is called a "vulcanizing agent". The vulcanized elastic rubber is called vulcanized rubber and also called soft rubber. Vulcanization is one of the most important processes in rubber processing. Various rubber products must be vulcanized to obtain the desired performance. The unvulcanized rubber has no use value in use, but the degree of undersulfurization is not enough. The vulcanization time is not enough to reach the optimal state, the oversulfurization time is exceeded, and the performance is significantly reduced. Therefore, the vulcanization time must be strictly controlled during the production process to ensure that the vulcanized rubber products have the best performance and longest service life.

Seven, auxiliary measures

In order to achieve performance, auxiliary measures should be added in the production process

1.Increase strength-with hard carbon black and phenolic resin

2. Increase abrasion resistance-with hard carbon black

3. High air-tightness requirements-use less volatile components

4. Increased heat resistance-using new vulcanization process

5.Increase cold resistancedemineralization by raw rubber? Decrease in crystallization tendency? Use low temperature resistant plasticizer

6. Increasing flame resistance-no flammable additives, less softeners, flame retardants such as antimony trioxide

7. Increasing oxygen and ozone resistance-using diamine protective agents

8.Improve the electrical insulation performance-with high structure filler or metal powder with antistatic agent

9.Improve the magnetic properties-using strontium ferrite powder aluminum nickel iron powder iron barium powder as filler

10.Improve water resistance-use lead oxide or resin vulcanization system with low water-absorbing fillers such as barium sulfate, clay

11.Improve oil resistance-fully cross-linked, less plasticizer

12. Improve acid and alkali resistance-multi-purpose filler

13.Improve high vacuum performance-with less volatile additives

14. Reduce Hardness-Fill with a large amount of softener.

Relevant issues of vulcanization of rubber products

1. What toxic gases are produced when rubber products are vulcanized? During the vulcanization of rubber, some semi-closed vulcanized rubbers used in the oven will have a small amount of toxic gas discharged and can smell a very heavy rubber. For example, although sulfur monoxide, sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide, and hydrogen sulfide gas are basically not toxic, they are definitely harmful to the human body. Some products will cause carcinogenic things when vulcanized, or the rubber before vulcanization has carcinogenic components. As well. The organic reagents used in rubber vulcanization are more or less harmful to the human body. Such as dimethylbenzene

2. The vulcanization temperature of general rubber is generally 115 to 180 degrees, depending on what kind of rubber. The temperature of 200 degrees is high temperature vulcanization.

3. What are the hazards of sulfur dioxide? Hazard category: The three-star invasion pathway passes through the respiratory system, and health hazards are easily absorbed by wet mucosal surfaces to form sulfurous acid and sulfuric acid. It has a strong stimulating effect on the eyes and respiratory mucosa. Large inhalation can cause pulmonary edema, throat edema, vocal cord spasm and suffocation. Severe poisoning such as tearing, photophobia, cough, pharynx, and sore throat can occur during acute poisoning with mild poisoning. Pulmonary edema can occur within a few hours. Very high concentrations of inhalation can cause reflex glottic spasm and cause asphyxia. Inflammation or burns on skin or eye contact. Chronic effects Long-term low-concentration exposure may have systemic symptoms such as headache, dizziness, and fatigue, as well as chronic rhinitis, sore throat, bronchitis, and decreased sense of smell and taste. Environmental hazards can cause serious pollution to the atmosphere.

Natural rubber NR

(Natural Rubber) Made from rubber tree latex, is a polymer of isoprene. It has good abrasion resistance, high elasticity, breaking strength and elongation. It is easy to age in the air, and will change when heated. Sticky, easy to swell and dissolve in mineral oil or gasoline, alkali resistance but not strong acid resistance. Advantages: good elasticity, acid and alkali resistance. Disadvantages: non-weather-resistant and oil-resistant (can withstand vegetable oils). It is the raw material for making tapes, hoses, and rubber shoes, and is suitable for making shock-absorbing parts and products used in hydroxide-containing liquids such as automobile brake oil and ethanol.

SBR SBR

(Styrene Butadiene Copolymer) Copolymer of butadiene and styrene. Compared with natural rubber, it has uniform quality, less foreign matter, better abrasion resistance and aging resistance, but weaker mechanical strength. Used together. Advantages: low cost non-oil resistant materials, good water resistance, good elasticity below 70, poor compression at high hardness, disadvantages: strong acids, ozone, oils, oil esters and fats are not recommended Part of the hydrocarbons. Widely used in tire industry, shoe industry, cloth industry and conveyor belt industry.

Butyl rubber IIR

(Butyl Rubber) is formed by the polymerization of isobutene and a small amount of isoprene. Because the steric molecules of the methyl group have less movement than other polymers, they have less gas permeability and are more resistant to heat, sunlight, and ozone. Electrical insulation is good; resistance to polar capacitors is large, the general use temperature range is -54-110 . Advantages: Impervious to most general gases, good resistance to sunlight and odor can be exposed to Animal or vegetable oils or vaporizable chemicals. Disadvantages: It is not recommended to use inner tubes, leather bags, rubber paste paper, window frame rubber, steam hoses, heat-resistant conveyor belts, etc. for car tires with petroleum solvents, kerosene and aromatic hydrogen.

HNBR

(Hydrogenate Nitrile) The hydrogenated butadiene rubber is a part of the double chains in the butadiene rubber after hydrogenation. After hydrogenation, its temperature resistance and weather resistance are much higher than those of ordinary butadiene rubber, and its oil resistance is similar to that of ordinary butadiene rubber. The general use temperature range is -25 ~ 150 . Advantages: Better abrasion resistance than nitrile rubber, with excellent corrosion, tensile, tear and compression properties

It has good resistance to atmospheric conditions such as ozone, and is generally suitable for washing or dishwashing detergents. Disadvantages: It is not recommended to be used in the air-conditioning and refrigeration industry in alcohols, esters or aromatic solutions. It is widely used as the seal in the environmentally friendly refrigerant R134a system.

Automotive engine system seals.

Ethylene propylene rubber EPDM (Ethylene propylene Rubber) is made by copolymerizing ethylene and propylene, so it has excellent heat resistance, aging resistance, ozone resistance, and stability, but cannot be sulfurized. To solve this problem, EP A small amount of double-stranded third component is introduced into the main chain to add sulfur to form EPDM. The general temperature is -50 ~ 150 . Excellent resistance to polar solvents such as alcohol and ketone. And ozone resistance, with excellent water resistance and chemical resistance, alcohols and ketones can be used, high temperature steam resistance, and good impermeability to gases. Cons: Not recommended for food use or exposure to aromatic hydrogen. Seals or parts of sanitary equipment in high temperature water vapor environment. Rubber parts in a braking (braking) system. Seal in radiator (car water tank).

Nitrile rubber NBR

(Nitrile Rubber) is made by copolymerizing acrylonitrile and butadiene. The content of acrylonitrile is from 18% to 50%. The higher the content of acrylonitrile, the better the resistance to petrochemical hydrocarbon fuel oil, but the low temperature performance is Deterioration, the general use temperature range is -25 ~ 100 . Butadiene rubber is one of the most commonly used rubbers for oil seals and O-rings. Advantages: Good resistance to oil, water, solvents and high pressure oils.

With good compressibility, anti-wear and elongation.

Disadvantages: Not suitable for use in polar solvents, such as ketones, ozone, nitro hydrocarbons, MEK and chloroform. Used to make fuel tanks, lubricating oil tanks, and in petroleum-based hydraulic oils, gasoline, water, silicone oil, diesters Rubber parts used in fluid media such as lubricants, especially seal parts. It can be said to be the most widely used and lowest cost rubber seal.

Neoprene CR

(Neoprene, Polychloroprene) Polymerized from chloroprene monomer. Vulcanized rubber has good elasticity and abrasion resistance, is not afraid of direct sunlight, has excellent weather resistance, is not afraid of severe distortion, is not afraid of refrigerant, and is resistant to thinning. Acid and silicone ester-resistant lubricating oils, but not phosphate ester-based hydraulic oils. It is easy to crystallize and harden at low temperatures, has poor storage stability, and has a large swelling amount in mineral oils with low aniline points. The general temperature range is -50 ~ 150 . Advantages: Good elasticity and good compression deformation. The formula does not contain sulfur, so it is very easy to make. It has the characteristics of resistance to animal and vegetable oils, and will not be caused by neutral chemicals, fats, oils, and various oils. Solvent affects physical properties and has anti-flammability

Disadvantages: It is not recommended to use R12 refrigerant-resistant seals among strong acids, nitro hydrocarbons, esters, chloroform, and ketones, rubber parts or seals on household appliances. Suitable for making a variety of parts that are in direct contact with the atmosphere, sunlight and ozone. Applicable to all kinds of flame-resistant and chemical-resistant rubber products.

FKM

Advantages and disadvantages of fluorine rubber and its applicable medium

Fluorocarbon ( Fluorocarbon ) is an elastic polymer with fluorine atoms attached to the carbon atoms of the molecular main chain or side chain obtained by polymerizing or polycondensing a fluorine-containing monomer. Due to the different fluoromonomers used in manufacturing, fluororubbers have many varieties, and they can be divided into fluoroolefin copolymers and nitroso copolymers. Specifically, according to chemical composition, it can be divided into fluorine-containing vinyl fluoride rubber, fluorosilicone rubber, nitroso fluorine rubber, fluorinated acrylate rubber, fluorinated phosphazene rubber, fluorinated ether rubber and the like. Fluorine rubber has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, oil resistance, and resistance to a variety of chemicals. It is an indispensable material for advanced science and technology such as modern aviation, missiles, rockets, and space navigation. With the continuous improvement of the automotive industry's requirements for reliability and safety, the use of fluorine rubber in automobiles has also increased rapidly.

Temperature range: -45 204

Advantages: · Excellent chemical stability, resistance to most oils and solvents, especially various acids, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons and animal and vegetable oils · Excellent high temperature resistance · Good aging resistance · Excellent vacuum performance · Excellent mechanical properties · Good electrical properties · Good permeability

Disadvantages:

· Not recommended for ketones, low molecular weight esters and nitro compounds · Poor low temperature performance · Poor radiation resistance

Applicable medium:

· Mineral oil, ASTM No. 1 oil IRM902 oil and 903 oil

· Non-flammable HFD hydraulic oil

· Silicone oil and silicone ester

· Mineral and vegetable oils and fats

· Aliphatic hydrocarbons (butane, propane, natural gas)

· Aromatic hydrocarbons (toluene, xylene)

· Chlorinated hydrocarbons (trichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride)

· Gasoline (including high alcohol gasoline)

· High vacuum

Inapplicable media:

· Glycol-based brake fluid

· Ammonia, amine, alkali

· Superheated steam

· Low molecular weight organic acids (formic acid and acetic acid)

The rubber industry is one of the important basic industries of the national economy. It not only provides people with daily-use, medical and other light industrial rubber products that are indispensable for daily life, but also provides various rubber production equipment or rubber components to heavy industries and emerging industries such as mining, transportation, construction, machinery, and electronics. It can be seen that the rubber industry has a wide range of products and the backward industry is very broad.

In recent years, the rubber industry has developed a lot. The existing sub-sectors have steadily increased, and the new rubber sub-sectors have developed rapidly. At the same time, the rubber industry also has problems such as environment, resources, disasters, and innovation.

In 2004, the total area of natural rubber planting in the country was 696,200 hectares, the area of cutting was 459,900 hectares, and the dry rubber output was 573,300 tons. Among them, 411,000 hectares of rubber are cultivated in agricultural land and 285,200 hectares are privately owned, accounting for 59.03% and 40.97% of the total rubber area of the country.

In 2005, Hainan suffered a rare drought of 50 years and a typhoon disaster not encountered in a century, and natural rubber production was hit hard. In order to tap the development potential of domestic natural rubber planting and processing, and increase self-sufficiency, the Chinese rubber industry has made unremitting efforts, conscientiously implemented the national security, energy saving, environmental protection and cleaner production policies, and achieved significant results. In particular, the rubber additive industry has actively adjusted its product structure. Green environmentally-friendly additives have grown significantly. The output ratio of excellent varieties of antioxidants has reached 80%, and the promoter has reached 50%. The production of toxic, harmful and highly carcinogenic NOBS has been effectively controlled; The comprehensive utilization rate of waste rubber has reached more than 65%, and the field of post-processing and utilization of recycled rubber and rubber powder has expanded.

In 2006, the Third Session of the Sixth Council of the China Rubber Industry Association discussed and issued the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan Scientific Development Plan Opinions of the Chinese Rubber Industry" and the "11th Five-Year Plan" Opinions on the Implementation of Famous Brands in the Rubber Industry. This is the first industry plan formulated by the association. The plan shows that the rubber industry must take the road of independent innovation during the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, and the entire industry must effectively turn to the track of scientific development, so that China will become a strong country in the rubber industry in the world.

China's rubber industry has broad prospects for development. By 2010, China's total consumption of natural rubber will reach 2.3 million tons, and the product structure of the rubber industry will undergo significant changes. New products, replacement products will increase, new materials and new processes will be expanded, and production technology will significantly improve.

According to statistics, from January to May 2010, China's rubber products industry realized a total of RMB 220.504 billion in sales revenue, an increase of 35.38% year-on-year, and the growth rate increased by 31.57 percentage points compared with the same period last year. Conveying tape and hose, rubber sealing products, small

Rubber is divided into natural rubber and synthetic rubber. Natural rubber is mainly derived from Hevea brasiliensis.

Uses of rubber products

Silicone rubber products are biocompatible materials, so qualified silicone rubber products can be used as artificial organs, and can be used in the beauty industry and physiotherapy industry.

Non-toxic rubber products

Silicone rubber products are generally non-toxic, but if the manufacturer adds some cheap and inferior chemicals for the sake of greed, then it will definitely have some toxicity, and the color will not be colorless, there are some Impurity colors are non-toxic as long as they are colorless silicone rubber products.