What Are the Different Types of Noise Pollution?
Noise refers to the sound emitted by the sounding body when it vibrates randomly. Sound is generated by the vibration of an object and propagates in the form of waves in a certain medium (such as solid, liquid, gas). Generally speaking, noise pollution is caused by human. From a physiological point of view, any sound that interferes with people's rest, study and work, and interferes with the sounds you want to hear, that is, unwanted sounds, are collectively called noise. When noise has a negative impact on people and the surrounding environment, noise pollution occurs. Since the industrial revolution, the creation and use of various machinery and equipment have brought prosperity and progress to human beings, but at the same time, more and more noise has been generated. Noise will not only cause hearing damage, but also induce a variety of carcinogenic and fatal diseases, and also interfere with people's life and work.
- Noise is the sound emitted by a sounding body when it vibrates randomly. Sound is generated by the vibration of an object and propagates in the form of a wave in a certain medium (such as solid, liquid, gas). Generally speaking, noise pollution refers to man-made .
- (1) Traffic noise includes motor vehicles, ships, subways, trains, airplanes, etc.
- According to the mechanical characteristics of sound sources, noise pollution can be divided into: noise generated by gas disturbance, noise generated by solid vibration, noise generated by liquid impact, and electromagnetic interference.
- Noise is both a
- To reduce the impact of noise on the surrounding environment and humans, the main noise control methods are to isolate or protect the noise source, the propagation path of the noise, and the receiver, and to block or absorb the energy of the noise. For example, noise sources (motors) are equipped with shock-proof springs or rubber to absorb vibrations or cover the entire motor. The propagation path is generally to use noise barriers to block the propagation of noise. The protection against receivers is usually soundproof windows,
- Noise pollution poses a hazard to people, animals, instruments and buildings, and the degree of harm depends mainly on the frequency, intensity and exposure time of the noise. Noise hazards include:
- Hearing damage from noise
- The most direct harm to people from noise is hearing damage. When people enter a strong noise environment, they will feel uncomfortable in their ears when exposed for a period of time.
- To prevent noise, our famous acousticians
- Scientists have discovered that different plants are not as sensitive to different noises.
- American scientists have invented a new type of thermometer that can measure temperature with noise. The research, published in the latest issue of the journal Science, states that the instrument can accurately measure between room temperature and -272.15 degrees. A voltage is applied to the instrument, and the generated electrons pass through the middle compartment, thereby forming a current. The relationship between the voltage magnetic field and the amount of noise, or magnetic difference, changes in the current according to temperature. Therefore, as long as the applied voltage is known, this instrument, called the Sampling Noise Temperature (SNT), can measure the temperature. Researchers say that SNT is accurate to one-thousandth at -272.15 degrees Celsius, which is five times more accurate than a thermometer used to measure near absolute zero. The biggest advantage of this new design is that it is an original thermometer: no external calibration is required. This is because the relationship between voltage, noise, and temperature depends only on the most basic physical constants. In addition, the accurate temperature range of this instrument is much larger than other thermometers. So researchers say that the SNT they developed "may have a wider range of uses than the direct thermometers commonly used today."
- The human ear is more suitable for a sound of 60-70 decibels. 80-90 decibels will feel very noisy and nerve cells will be damaged; and if the volume exceeds 100 decibels, it is enough to cause the hair cells in the ears to die Or damage, causing hearing loss. Therefore, we need to pay attention to these issues when listening, not only need to consider the impact on the environment, the impact on energy saving, but also the impact on our own health. It can be said that this is the most important point for individuals. [3]
- 1 Topic content and scope
- This standard specifies the maximum environmental noise limits for five areas of the city. [2]
- 1. Scope of the standard [2]
- With the development of modern industry, environmental pollution also comes along. Noise pollution is a kind of environmental pollution, which has become a great harm to human beings. Noise pollution, water pollution, air pollution, and light pollution are regarded as four major environmental problems worldwide.
- Noise pollution judgment
- Noise is the sound emitted by the generator when it is irregular. The sound is caused by the vibration of the object and propagates in a certain medium (such as solid, liquid, gas) in the form of waves. The sound usually heard is air. In general, the frequency of sound waves that can be heard by the human ear is 20 to 20,000 Hz, called audible sound; below 20 Hz, it is called infrasound; above 20,000 Hz, it is called ultrasound. The pitch of the sound you hear depends on the frequency of the sound waves, high-frequency sounds sound sharp, and low-frequency sounds feel dull. The size of the sound is determined by the strength of the sound. From a physics point of view, noise is a random and irregular combination of sounds of various frequencies and intensities; musical sounds are harmonious sounds. Judging whether a sound belongs to noise is not enough from the perspective of physics, and subjective factors often play a decisive role. For example, wonderful music can be musical to those who are enjoying it, but it can be a noise to those who are studying, resting, or focusing on problems. Even with the same sound, when people are in different states and different moods, different subjective judgments will be made on the sound. At this time, the sound may become noise or music. Therefore, from a physiological point of view, all sounds that interfere with people's rest, study, and work, that is, unwanted sounds, are collectively referred to as noise. When noise has a negative impact on people and the surrounding environment, noise pollution occurs.
- Noise pollution prevention
- The impact and harm of noise on people is directly related to the intensity of noise. In buildings, the measures taken to reduce noise are mainly sound insulation and sound absorption. Sound insulation is to isolate the sound source and prevent the noise generated by the sound source from being transmitted indoors. Planting trees on both sides of the road can provide sound insulation to the houses on both sides. A sandwich structure made of porous materials separated by multiple layers of dense materials in a building will also have a good sound insulation effect. To eliminate noise, commonly used sound-absorbing materials are mainly porous sound-absorbing materials, such as
- (1) Strengthen the prevention and control of traffic noise pollution Comprehensively implement the "Technical Policies for the Prevention and Control of Ground Traffic Noise Pollution". Elevated roads, expressways, expressways, urban rails and other roads in areas with concentrated noise-sensitive buildings (hereinafter referred to as "sensitive areas") shall be matched Establish sound insulation barriers, and strictly implement measures such as banning tolls, traffic restrictions, and speed limits. Speed up the construction of level crossings and interchanges in urban and urban areas, and gradually eliminate urban level crossings. Control the noise pollution of high-speed rail operation in urban areas. Strengthen the prevention and control of noise pollution around the airport, reduce aviation noise and disturb civil disputes.
- (2) Strengthen the prevention and control of construction noise pollution Strictly implement the "Noise Limits at the Boundary of Construction Sites" and investigate and deal with behaviors in which construction noise exceeds emission standards. Strengthen the management of construction noise emission declaration and implement the environmental protection announcement system for urban construction. The city's people's government restricts the construction operation time in accordance with the law and strictly restricts the construction of noise pollution at night in sensitive areas. Implement urban night-time construction approval management, advance the automatic noise monitoring system to supervise building construction in real time, and encourage the use of low-noise construction equipment and processes.
- (3) Promote the prevention and control of social life noise pollution Strictly implement the "Social Living Environment Noise Emission Standards" and prohibit commercial activities to use outdoor audio equipment to solicit customers. Strictly control noise pollution in processing, maintenance, catering, entertainment, fitness, supermarkets and other business services, effectively control noise pollution caused by supporting service facilities such as cooling towers, elevator rooms, pump rooms and air conditioners, and strictly manage cultural and sports activities in sensitive areas. Events and indoor entertainment. Actively promote comprehensive indoor urban markets to ban open-air or road markets that disturb people. Strict management of interior decoration, clearly limiting operation time, and strict control of noise-generating decoration work in residential buildings that have been completed and delivered for use. Strengthen the green nursing work during national examinations such as middle and high school entrance examinations, and create a good examination environment for candidates.
- (4) To deepen the prevention and control of industrial enterprises' noise pollution, implement the "Environmental Noise Emission Standards at the Boundary of Industrial Enterprises", and investigate and deal with the excessive noise emission of industrial enterprises to disturb the people. Intensify the shutdown of pollution sources with excessive noise emissions in sensitive areas, and cities should shut down, relocate and treat a number of enterprises with severe noise pollution every year, and achieve noise emission standards for industrial enterprises in sensitive areas by the end of 2015. Strengthen the prevention and control of noise pollution in industrial parks, and prohibit high-noise pollution projects from entering the park. Carry out noise pollution control for industrial enterprises in rural areas.
- 1. First, try to avoid noise as much as possible. Without affecting work, study and entertainment, the volume and switching time of household appliances and other sound-producing appliances should be strictly controlled. Especially for the use of high-frequency stereo sound, its volume must be controlled below 70 decibels (based on the feeling of no deafness). Car drivers should not honk at random, and do not often "receive" noise, etc. in noisy commercial areas and singing halls, in order to minimize the harm of human noise.
- 2. Take care to prevent noise pollution from household appliances. When purchasing home appliances, choose good quality and low noise. Try not to put home appliances in the same room, refrigerators should not be placed in the bedroom; try to avoid using all kinds of home appliances at the same time; once the home appliance malfunctions, it should be eliminated in time, because the working appliances with noise produce more noise than normal machines The sound of work is much louder.
- 3 "Silent villas" have emerged and are very popular abroad, but due to national conditions, our country has not yet been able to follow suit. Therefore, we can only create a quiet atmosphere in our own homes.
- One is installation
- Noise monitoring normative method standard [5]
- While the mechanical equipment brings convenience to human beings, it also creates pollution problems. Noise pollution is one of them. It has become the world's four major environmental problems along with water pollution, air pollution, and solid waste pollution. Among various noises, traffic noise is the most common and most influential one.
- Noise is everywhere
- In the capital's subway, railway, expressway, and mixed transportation modes, the reporter recently found in a survey that the noise problem caused by traffic operations has long affected the normal life of some residents. Among them, noise problems are particularly prominent in some areas along Metro Lines 13, 5, and Batong Lines, as well as parts of the Third and Fourth Ring Roads in the southwestern part of the city and some express links. In many residential areas, the noise problem has been unresolved for a long time. As the owners of some communities cannot bear the noise, they even go to courts with relevant departments and units such as the city railway company and developers.
- It is worrying that the problem is getting worse. According to the monitoring data released by the Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, in terms of road traffic noise in built-up areas, the urban area was 67.9 decibels in 2001. By 2011, the data had been 69.6 decibels, and the highest reached 70 decibels in 2010.
- In large cities such as Guangzhou and Shanghai, where the scale of the city is also huge, many people also suffer from noise problems. The results of the survey on the satisfaction rate of urban environmental protection released by the Ministry of Environmental Protection show that the satisfaction rate for noise environmental quality is 62%, the second lowest, and only higher than the satisfaction of air quality. The Ministry of Environmental Protection pointed out in the "Report on the Quantitative Assessment Results of the Comprehensive Urban Environmental Improvement in China in 2010" that urban air pollution and noise pollution are environmental issues that the public is most concerned about. [1]
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