What Are the Different Types of Remediation Equipment?

Equipment maintenance refers to the technical activities for maintaining, recovering and improving the technical status of equipment. These include maintenance to maintain the good technical condition of the equipment, repairs to restore the function of the equipment after deterioration or failure, and technical activities to improve the technical condition of the equipment.

Equipment Repair

· Pinyin: she bei wei xiu ·

English translation: equipment repair

The basic content of equipment maintenance includes: equipment maintenance, equipment inspection and equipment repair.

First, equipment maintenance

The content of equipment maintenance is to keep the equipment clean, tidy, well lubricated, and safe to operate, including tightening loose fasteners in a timely manner and adjusting the clearance of moving parts. In short, the "cross cleaning method of" cleaning, lubricating, tightening, adjusting, anti-corrosion ". Practice has proved that the life of equipment is largely determined by the quality of maintenance. Maintenance is divided into daily maintenance, first-level maintenance, second-level maintenance, and third-level maintenance according to the workload and difficulty.

Daily maintenance, also known as routine maintenance. Its main content is: clean, lubricate, fasten loose parts, check the integrity of parts and components. This type of maintenance has fewer items and locations, most of which are outside the equipment.

The main content of the first-level maintenance is: universally tighten, clean, lubricate, tighten, and partially adjust. Routine maintenance and primary maintenance are generally undertaken by the operator.

Secondary maintenance. The main contents include internal cleaning, lubrication, partial disassembly inspection and adjustment.

Three levels of maintenance. It is mainly to disassemble and inspect the main body of the equipment, and if necessary, replace the parts that reach the specified wear limit. In addition, the wear of major components is measured, identified and recorded. Second-level maintenance and third-level maintenance are usually undertaken by full-time maintenance workers with the participation of operators.

In all kinds of maintenance, daily maintenance is the basis. The type and content of maintenance should be specified according to the characteristics of different equipment, not only taking into account the specific conditions and characteristics of the equipment's production process, structural complexity, scale, etc., but also taking into account the long-term maintenance habits formed in different industrial enterprises.

Equipment inspection

Equipment inspection refers to the measurement and verification of equipment operation, working accuracy, wear or corrosion. Comprehensive control of machinery and equipment through inspection

Win-win implementation of equipment maintenance

Shipping enterprises have more than 10,000 types, specifications and models of equipment spare parts, but from the perspective of purchase methods, there are two major categories, namely imported spare parts and domestic spare parts. These manufacturers are distributed in thousands of domestic and foreign enterprises. From the inside of the enterprise, in order to reduce the procurement cost of the company, the personnel engaged in equipment ordering have to spend a lot of energy to check the information of the manufacturer of the same model of spare parts (qualification, production capacity, quality assurance system, process, price) Even when they went to the factory for a site inspection, the purpose was to shop around. This not only has a high labor intensity, it increases the economic burden of the company itself, it also causes economic pressure on the other party, and even breeds some corruption. Since it is necessary to reduce the procurement cost of spare parts, reduce labor intensity, and ensure the quality of spare parts, then establishing a "win-win" procurement and supply mechanism should become the first target of the enterprise. A long-term and stable spare parts supply network not only brings stable customers to suppliers, but also reduces some intermediate links in procurement and reduces procurement costs. The two sides have evolved from a buying and selling relationship into a cooperative relationship that brings mutual benefits to both parties. This "win-win" strategy can also be extended to colleges and universities, using the talent advantage of colleges and universities to solve technical problems of equipment spare parts, especially for some imported spare parts. This is particularly important. In addition, we can negotiate the business and technology to achieve the purpose of purchasing spare parts at low prices and high quality.

Equipment maintenance zero storage management

1. Take good care of the early management of imported equipment. Due to technical constraints and product requirements for equipment functions, some of our equipment and spare parts have to be imported from developed countries, and most of these equipment are expensive, posing direct pressure on our cost pressure, but We still have to do it, the question is how do we do it well. The author believes that the first thing is to do a good job of investigating and selecting imported equipment and spare parts, especially whether some equipment controlled by computers and microelectronics can match the existing equipment and whether they have advanced nature, and they must be carefully examined. We must not repurchase the equipment after it is purchased because it cannot adapt to the needs of the product and cannot be integrated with the integrity of the equipment to let it sleep in the library. In the past, some of our companies were relatively obedient in this regard. This is a kind of The waste of resources will also cause the company to carry a heavy cost burden and run counter to the management goals. For this reason, we need to implement zero inventory management of equipment spare parts to the greatest extent by strengthening management and cooperation with suppliers. Let these "virtual" businesses serve me.

2. Prepare equipment spare parts update and purchase plan according to equipment life cycle. Any kind of equipment has a usage cycle, and includes two periods of maintenance cycle and replacement cycle. With the construction and operation of the equipment information construction project, the information of equipment life cycle will be displayed in front of us through the computer. The provided equipment life cycle table provides strong support for the preparation of equipment spare parts plans. Can greatly improve the accuracy and timeliness of spare parts planning, thereby reducing the pressure caused by opportunity costs.

3 Use equipment diagnosis technology to timely diagnose and eliminate unexpected accidents caused by equipment degradation. The economic loss caused by equipment accidents is huge, especially some sudden accidents can cause both personal injury and economic loss of property. In the actual work, in order to eliminate the phenomenon of artificial degradation during the operation of the equipment, the equipment diagnosis technology must be used to find the abnormal state of the equipment as early as possible and formulate a treatment plan in the abnormal situation. The application of diagnostic technology is not only to eliminate the hidden dangers of accidents, but also to reduce the huge economic losses caused by equipment accidents.

Reduced equipment maintenance costs

Repair of spare parts is an effective way to reduce the cost of spare parts. The repair of imported spare parts is the focus of repair of spare parts. Due to the blockade of foreign technology and the incompleteness of the information provided, imported spare parts often fail and have to be disposed of for a while, causing great losses. Therefore, for imported spare parts, we must dare to use new technologies, innovate independently, break the monopoly of foreign technologies, master the core technology, restore the original technical performance after repair, and continue to play the equipment's utility function. The second is to pay great attention as a team, establish an incentive mechanism, encourage employees to carry out technical research, and provide necessary financial and technical support.

Five stages

The development process of the equipment maintenance system can be divided into five phases: after-the-fact repair, preventive maintenance, production maintenance, maintenance prevention, and comprehensive equipment management.

1. After repair

Post-mortem repair refers to repairs after equipment failure. This repair method does not know in advance when the failure occurred, and lacks preparations for repairs, so the repairs take longer to stop. In addition, because repairs are unplanned, production schedules are often disrupted, affecting delivery times. Post-mortem repair is a more primitive equipment maintenance system. Except for small and unimportant equipment, it has been replaced by other equipment maintenance systems.

2. Preventive maintenance

During World War II, military production was busy, but equipment failures often disrupted production. In order to strengthen equipment maintenance and reduce equipment downtime and repair time, a system of equipment preventive maintenance has emerged. This system requires that the maintenance of equipment should be based on prevention. Do a good job of maintenance during the operation of the equipment, strengthen daily inspections and regular inspections, and perform planned repairs before the equipment fails according to the wear laws and inspection results. As a result of strengthening the daily maintenance work. As a result, the effective life of the equipment is extended, and due to the planned nature of the repair, it is easy to prepare well before repairs, greatly reducing the downtime of equipment repairs, and improving the effective utilization of the equipment.

3 Production maintenance

Although preventive maintenance has the above advantages, it sometimes increases the workload of maintenance and causes excessive maintenance. For this reason, production maintenance occurred in 1954. Production maintenance requires the organization of equipment maintenance for the purpose of improving the economic performance of the enterprise. Its characteristics are that maintenance methods are selected according to the importance of equipment, preventive maintenance is adopted for key equipment, and general equipment that has little impact on production is repaired afterwards. In this way, on the one hand, you can focus on the maintenance of important equipment and save maintenance costs.

4 Maintenance prevention

People have found in the maintenance of equipment that although the maintenance, repair and repair of equipment has a great impact on the failure rate and effective utilization rate of the equipment, how the quality of the equipment itself often affects the use and repair of the equipment. Decisive role. Innate shortcomings in equipment are often the main aspect that makes repairs difficult. Therefore, the idea of maintenance prevention appeared in 1960. This means that maintenance issues are considered during the design and manufacturing stages of the equipment to improve the reliability and ease of repair of the equipment, so that in future use, equipment failure can be minimized or not occurred. Once the failure occurs, maintenance can also be made. The work went smoothly. Maintenance prevention is a major breakthrough in the equipment maintenance system.

5. Integrated equipment management

On the basis of public equipment maintenance prevention. From the perspective of behavioral science and system theory, in the early 1970s, the concept of integrated equipment management was formed. Integrated equipment engineering, or integrated equipment management. The original English name is Terotechnology, which is an important way to comprehensively manage equipment. First created in the United Kingdom in 1970, and then spread throughout Europe. This is a revolution in equipment management. In the process of introduction and learning, Japan combined with the practical experience of production and maintenance to create a comprehensive production and maintenance system, which is a Japanese-style comprehensive management of equipment.

With the development of the application of computer technology in enterprises. Significant changes have also taken place in the field of equipment maintenance, and new methods such as Condition-basic maintenance and Intelligent maintenance have emerged.

Condition-based maintenance is used on production systems with the advent of programmable logic controllers (PLCs), enabling continuous monitoring of equipment and processing parameters. The condition-based maintenance is used to directly connect the PLC to an online computer to monitor the status of the equipment in real time. If any deviation occurs from the standard normal tolerance range, an alarm (or repair order) will be automatically issued. The installation cost of such a maintenance system may be high, but it can greatly improve the level of equipment use.

Intelligent maintenance, or self-maintenance, includes automatic diagnosis of electronic systems and modular replacement devices, which will continuously provide sensor data from remote facilities or machines to a central workstation. Through this workstation, maintenance experts can get intelligent support from expert systems and neural networks to complete decision-making tasks. Orders will then be issued to distant sites to begin maintenance routines that may involve adjusting alarm parameter values, starting test vibration devices on the machine, driving standby systems or subsystems. The United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is developing a remote maintenance monitoring system (RMMS). It is an example of maintaining the future direction of automation. In some examples, robotic technology can be used for long-range module replacement.

Repair fees

I. Pay attention to equipment procurement management

The purchase of equipment is extremely important in the selection. If its reliability is high and its maintainability is good, the subsequent maintenance costs of the equipment will be greatly reduced.

In addition, a unified model should be selected, which is not only convenient for the storage of spare parts, universal interchange, but also convenient for the organization of maintenance, saving inventory costs. The selection of equipment determines the life cycle cost of the equipment.

Second, choose the appropriate maintenance method

How to rectify the relationship between production and the market, and the relationship between production and maintenance are very important. Not paying attention to maintenance, production is random, and cannot guarantee the most basic conditions of equipment management and maintenance in terms of organization, capital, and time. It will inevitably cause equipment failure, equipment intact condition decline, and then affect the performance of equipment. Increase in equipment maintenance costs. Improve the traditional practice of three-level maintenance, large and medium repair of equipment that has been used for a long time. Special persons should organize reasonable time for maintenance. For major and medium repair plans, the flexible repair and maintenance should be used instead.

Third, improve the effective operation rate of equipment

Poor equipment performance, low efficiency, and excessive idleness are also an intangible waste of equipment assets, resulting in increased costs. For this reason, attention is paid to improving the effective operation rate of equipment, implementing management systems such as "responsibility and maintenance" and "annual evaluation system for maintenance personnel", strengthening the construction of equipment management incentive mechanism and maintenance personnel self-restraint mechanism. Organize equipment in good governance, "five leaks" rectification, eliminate operations and maintenance "seven harmful behaviors" and many other activities. The improvement of the effective operating rate of the equipment has significantly reduced the unit maintenance costs.

Fourth, careful repair and maintenance equipment

Careful and meticulous maintenance, correct operation, reasonable use and meticulous maintenance of equipment can prevent abnormal wear and damage of equipment parts, extend the repair interval and reduce maintenance costs. There are two main forms of maintenance waste: First, equipment is out of repair. This is due to equipment inspection misses, inaccurate predictions, or lack of funding, equipment not paying attention to, and equipment failure caused by equipment repair. The second is excess maintenance. This is due to excessive maintenance arrangements for the equipment, and excessive pursuit of the integrity of the equipment performance, such as requiring repairs such as old, new, etc., and maintenance waste caused by excessive functions.

V. Improve rules and regulations

A sound and scientific equipment management system and regulations have a great impact on costs. Cost management is the core of enterprise management and the focus of equipment management. In order to eliminate and reduce the management loopholes in the equipment management and maintenance work, wastes in the form of mismatched accounts, inadequate maintenance and repairs, equipment running ill, illegal operations, and poor lubrication, and improve the consciousness of the entire staff. According to the actual situation of the maintenance cost, the company's equipment management department has successively formulated management systems such as maintenance cost management regulations, abnormal damage parts and equipment accident reporting and handling systems, and identification and reward regulations for the repair of old parts, safety operation procedures, and maintenance. Standardize, check and maintain records, and strengthen the system construction of equipment management.

Formulate scientific and advanced technical and economic indicators

1. Indicators are the basis for guiding, inspecting, and evaluating various business, technical, and economic activities and their economic effects. The indicators can be divided into single technical and economic indicators and comprehensive indicators, and can also be divided into quantitative indicators and quality indicators. The main functions are: quantitatively evaluate the performance of management work; restart supervision, regulation and guidance in the management process; play an incentive and promotion .

2. The technical and economic indicators of equipment management are a set of interconnected and mutually restricted indicators that can comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of equipment management. Technical indicators for equipment management are an important part of the goals of equipment management. Equipment management involves funds, materials, labor organization, technology, economy, production and operation goals, etc. To test and measure the management level of each link and the effect of equipment asset management, a technical and economic indicator system for equipment management must be established and improved.

The maintenance quota is valuable for comprehensively measuring the level of labor organization, material, technical equipment, and repair technology, and should be continued to be used. However, the establishment of a maintenance quota coefficient, as the content of equipment sections continues to increase, needs to be revised and supplemented, and scientific maintenance indicators should be formulated.

The equipment intact rate is effective as the main assessment index of the technical status of the equipment and can be used continuously. However, in specific operations, the qualitative provisions of the intact standard should be researched and improved to reduce the influence of subjective factors; or the calculation of the indicators should be improved to ensure the accuracy of the indicators.

Strengthen education on cost management

1. In order to control the expenditure of maintenance costs, a maintenance replacement control group with the participation of engineers has been set up, and special regulations have been formulated on the procedures for receiving spare parts and the identification and treatment of abnormally damaged parts.

2. In order to adapt to the market situation, maintenance personnel actively participate in and cooperate with the factory to optimize the allocation of raw and auxiliary materials, and actively adjust the equipment without increasing costs to adapt to various raw and auxiliary materials, so that the optimization can be carried out smoothly.

3 Vigorously carry out cost education activities. In order to improve cost management, a special meeting was held on the issue of expenses, research and analysis were carried out, and various countermeasures were agreed. Special inspections and requirements were often carried out during the maintenance of holidays and daily production meetings, and special training was conducted in conjunction with the assessment of repairmen to make costs Management was deepened.

8. Promote repair of old and waste, energy saving and consumption reduction

1. In order to reduce maintenance costs, give full play to and mobilize the enthusiasm of maintenance personnel, a special appraisal procedure and reward and punishment regulations have been formulated for the repair of old parts and damage to parts.

2. Reducing consumption and reducing production costs are the main content of equipment management. Most of the consumption of raw materials is realized on the equipment. Poor equipment status will increase raw material consumption; in terms of energy consumption, equipment accounts for a larger proportion. Strengthening equipment management, improving equipment operating efficiency, and reducing unused energy consumption are important means of saving energy. During the operation of the equipment, in order to maintain the normal operation of the equipment, it also requires a certain amount of material consumption. Equipment usually has standing parts and wearing parts. If the parts are consumed, the equipment maintenance costs will be high.

Nine, strengthen technical improvement work

Technical improvement is of special significance for improving equipment performance and reducing maintenance costs. Vigorously carry out technical research activities, small changes to small changes, eliminate the inherent defects in the equipment, improve the stability and efficiency of the system work, greatly reduce the workload of inspection and maintenance, can save a lot of maintenance costs each year.

X. Establish a monitoring system to highlight the economic management of equipment

In the past, most of the maintenance cost analysis was performed at the end of the period, which is an after-the-fact analysis and cannot meet the requirements of the market economy. At present, enterprises should not just conduct post-event analysis, but strengthen the promotion of cost forecast analysis, that is, combine plan analysis, forecast analysis and post-event performance analysis to establish a complete analysis and budget system.

Three major trends

1. Establishment and Application of AME Maintenance Model

The AME availability of Chinese enterprises is low, and the cost of maintenance and repair is too high. Research on the applicable AME maintenance model is far from enough. Therefore, the establishment of an applicable model to assist field maintenance engineers to make quantitative maintenance decisions to determine reasonable maintenance timing is one of the most important aspects of maintenance management. Theoretically, the basis for establishing a maintenance optimization model is a large amount of effective maintenance data, and often the maintenance data is not available. Therefore, in the case of incomplete maintenance data, how to use the subjective data to establish a maintenance optimization model will become the AME maintenance construction model. Development trend. That is, based on the empirical data about maintenance provided by the maintenance engineer, the fault distribution function of the equipment is estimated, and the established model is fitted and tested. Finally, based on the objective function, a reasonable maintenance interval is determined to minimize the total downtime per unit time. A reasonable cost model is established to determine a reasonable maintenance opportunity to minimize the expected value of equipment maintenance costs per unit time.

2. Networking of Maintenance and Establishment of Decision Support System

Compared with foreign countries, the current status of maintenance management in China is not satisfactory. One of the very important reasons is that enterprises do not pay attention to the maintenance and management of equipment. Various original records, such as the history of equipment failure, the accumulation of diagnostic and maintenance experience, and the theory. Most of the summary work is stored in the minds of some technicians and maintenance workers. No systematic information has been formed, and the scientific nature of the maintenance work is poor. Therefore, computer information management must be introduced into the maintenance management, and the existing fault diagnosis and maintenance data should be sorted and summarized.

With the increasing importance of AME in enterprises, the requirements for maintenance time, accuracy and precision are getting higher and higher. Many managers find it difficult to control maintenance costs due to insufficient or excessive maintenance. With the intensification of informatization, the maintenance management information system is no longer a magic weapon for a few enterprises to win. The maintenance of the network and the establishment of a decision support system will become an inevitable trend of development. With the development of computer networks, network management has emerged as the times require, and the two promote each other and develop together. Network management is a complex control process used to control and manage computer network equipment connections, system operations, and resource allocation, so that it has higher operating efficiency, in order to maximize the availability of the network and improve the utilization of network equipment , Network performance, service quality and system security, simplify the operation and management of a mixed network environment composed of multi-vendor equipment, control network operation costs, and provide long-term planning basis for network development. The purpose of establishing a network management and decision support system in maintenance is to use software to monitor and control the network operation on a certain hardware basis, reduce the probability of failure, and quickly find and solve problems, monitor and analyze network performance, and optimize Network Configuration.

3 Socialization and specialization of maintenance

With the development of technical specialization, the maintenance of AME equipment should be separated from the enterprise. That is, according to production purposes, equipment types, regional division and other aspects, the establishment of professional maintenance plants or regional maintenance centers. Professional maintenance factories provide paid services to enterprises through economic contracts, and gradually form a socialized maintenance system. These maintenance professional organizations will accumulate basic data, establish equipment fault libraries and model libraries for the performance indicators of advanced manufacturing equipment, and make maintenance decisions through computer-aided equipment. This will allow a reasonable allocation of resources, which will not only help production enterprises focus on their main business, be lean, reduce the burden on enterprises, increase efficiency and enhance vitality, but also help further division of labor and social productivity. The state can cultivate and regulate the equipment maintenance market through laws, regulations, etc., and standardize the management of the qualification of equipment maintenance companies entering the market, the quality and price of maintenance, and the mediation of maintenance transaction disputes. The "small and complete" equipment maintenance system creates a good external environment. The author foresees that the rise of professional maintenance companies will flourish like third-party logistics.