What Is a Power Drill?

An electric drill is a drilling tool that uses electricity as a power source. It is a conventional product in power tools, and it is also the most demanded power tool product. Annual production and sales account for 35% of China's power tools.

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An electric drill is a drilling tool that uses electricity as a power source. Yes

The birth of the world's electric tools began with electric drill products. In 1895, Germany developed the world's first DC electric drill. This electric drill weighs 14 kg. The housing is made of cast iron and can only drill 4 mm holes in steel plates. . Subsequently, a three-phase power frequency (50Hz) electric drill appeared, but the motor speed failed to exceed 3000r / min.

In 1914, electric drills driven by single-phase series motors appeared, and the speed of the motors reached more than 10,000 r / min.

In 1927, an intermediate frequency electric drill with a power supply frequency of 150 to 200 Hz appeared. It not only has the advantages of high speed of single-phase series motors, but also has the advantages of simple and reliable structure of three-phase industrial frequency motors. Use is restricted.

In the 1960s, battery-powered electric drills with no power cords using nickel-cadmium batteries as their power source appeared. By the mid-to-late 1970s, due to lower battery prices and shorter charging times, such drills were widely used in Europe, America, and Japan.

Electric drills were originally made of cast iron and later changed to

The working principle of the electric drill is that the motor rotor of an electromagnetic rotary or electromagnetic reciprocating small-capacity motor performs magnetic field cutting and power operation. The operating mechanism is driven by a transmission mechanism to drive the gear to increase the power of the drill, so that the drill scrapes the surface of the object and penetrates the object better. .

Electric drills can be divided into 3 categories:

1. Construction and Industry

Widely used in the strengthening of building beams, boards, columns, walls, decoration, wall installation, brackets, railings, billboards, air-conditioning outdoor units, guide rails, satellite receiver elevators, steel structure workshops and other installations.

2. Medical applications

(1) Dental:

At the beginning of the 20th century, there were wall-mounted three-bend dental electric drills with speeds of up to 4000r / min, and some even up to 10,000r / min. We are still using the widely-used sheave-driven three-boom dental drills as a derivative. Thing.

(2) Otology:

The father of modern otology, Julius Lempert, pioneered the use of electric drills for ear surgery in New York in 1938 to treat chronic ear disease and reduce the incidence of facial nerve damage. But electric drills at the time were difficult to control and very noisy. Modern electric drills and air drills have greatly increased speed and enhanced cutting capabilities. The use of fast-cutting drills, diamond drills, and irrigation-suction systems has enabled otologists to quickly complete accurate surgical anatomy, greatly reducing surgical time.

3. Marine flexible rod drill

A new type of marine drilling equipment, which is mainly used for coring and sampling of the bottom layer of the seafloor to survey marine geology and minerals. The first was successfully developed by the French Petroleum Institute (IFP). It was initially used for land drilling of 300 meters and 500 meters, and later cooperated with the Soviet Union to drill oil wells to a depth of 3,000 meters. The first successful sea trial in 1965, the drilling water depth reached 2500 meters. ECSM marine soft rod coring drill is a combination of flexible rod, electric drill, coring tube,

Electric drill products used in households (known abroad as DIY) have lower requirements for service life, work efficiency, and processing accuracy. The number of products is large, accounting for about 70 to 80% of the total electric drill products; another 30 to 20% Electric drill products are professional tools, that is, products commonly referred to as "industrial power tools" in China, which have high technical requirements, including processing accuracy, reliability of use (such as one failure time, number of damages), service life, and performance level (Such as torque, coaxiality) and so on are higher than domestic products.

Double insulation technology is

Drill chuck

Drill chucks are the main accessories of electric drill-type electric tools, accounting for 10% -15% of the cost of electric drills. Common key drill chucks, lightweight,

Power tool standard system, with products as the leader, safety standards,

1. How big to buy, that is to say, how big is the largest electric drill that can be used, the larger, of course, the more expensive, as far as I personally feel, the largest 20mm drill is enough for home use, the one I bought The maximum is 16mm.

2. For the same model, there are some additional functions. For example, R in the model indicates that the drill can be reversed. This has the advantage that when you use the forward rotation drill, you can use the reverse to try again. Try it, as far as my experience is concerned, it is still very useful. The E in the model indicates that the electric drill can adjust the speed. Of course, it is also beneficial. When such a high speed is not required, low speed operation can be used. This function, the price will be higher, the specific choice is not selected, it depends on your choice.

3. In the case of insufficient budget, choose a moderate price.

Electric drill products are suitable for drilling holes in steel, wood and plastic, and are one of the most popular tools in hand-held power tools. In general, hardware stores are as large as professional hypermarkets, and as small as roadside hardware stores. Electric drills are sold. In order to buy a satisfactory electric drill, you should pay attention to the following points.

I. Electric drill products are compulsory certification products specified by the National Accreditation Administration of the People's Republic of China. Therefore, when purchasing, you should first check whether the tool has the 3C mark. The method of checking is generally whether on the tool's outer packaging or on the tool's nameplate. There is a 3C mark. If there is still doubt about this (because the manufacturer of the electric drill has not passed the annual supervision review, the CNCA has suspended or revoked its certificate), you can go to the website of the CNCA to check whether the tool s 3C certificate Effective now.

2. Generally, when choosing electric drills, you should choose a large company with a good reputation and more influence, because these large companies have strong technical force, strict quality control, and standardized after-sales service. Users with strong purchasing power can also buy some tools of international brands.

Third, according to the needs of users, first distinguish between home use or professional use. Since most electric drills are designed for professionals, you should distinguish professional and general household tools before buying. Generally, the difference between professional and general household tools is in power. Professional tools have higher power to facilitate professionals to reduce the workload. Due to the small engineering and general workload of household tools, the input of tools is relatively small. The power does not need to be great either.

4. Observe the outer packaging of the electric drill. The outer packaging of the tool should have a clear pattern and no damage. The plastic box should be strong. The buckle that opens the plastic box should be strong and durable.

V. Observe the appearance of the electric drill, the appearance of the tool should be uniform, the surface of plastic parts should not have obvious shadows and dents, there should be no scratches or bumps, assembly misalignment between shell parts 0.5mm, aluminum casting coating is smooth and beautiful No defects, the surface of the whole machine should be free of oil and stains. When you hold it with your hands, you feel better, and the handle of the switch should be flat. The length of the cable should generally not be less than 2 meters.

6. Check the nameplate and manual of the electric drill. The nameplate parameters of the tool should be the same as those on the 3C certificate. The address and contact details of the manufacturer and manufacturer should be included in the instructions. The traceable lot number of the product shall be on the nameplate or certificate of conformity.

7. Hold the electric drill with your hand, turn on the power, and frequently operate the switch with your hand to make the tool start frequently. Observe whether the on-off function of the tool switch is reliable. At the same time, observe whether there is any abnormal phenomenon on the TV and fluorescent lamp on the scene. In order to confirm that the tool is equipped with an effective radio interference suppressor.

8. The electric drill is powered for one minute. When running, hold it with your hand. You should not notice any abnormal vibration in your hand. Observe the reversing spark. The reversing spark should not exceed the level. Generally, it should go in from the air inlet of the tool. Look, there should be no obvious arc on the surface of the commutator. During operation, there should be no abnormal noise.

According to industry data over the years, 80% of the large number of power tools consumed each year in the world are produced and exported by Chinese factories (including domestic and foreign enterprises). According to industry analysts, the remaining 20% are power tools (basically professional tools) produced by foreign power tool companies, and many parts are also produced and exported by Chinese companies.

"Electric drill" products are conventional products in power tools, but they are the most demanding products of power tools. It accounts for about 35% of the total production and sales of power tools in China. China's power tool industry is an industry with obvious export-oriented characteristics. From the 1990s to the present, 85 ~ 90% of the power tools produced by the industry each year are for export. Among them, the average export share of "electric drill" products in China's total export of power tools is 37.22%.

In 2000, China exported 33,132,700 electric drill products

In 2001, China exported 35.152 million "electric drills".

In 2002, China exported 47.962 million electric drills.

In 2003, China exported 59.748 million "electric drills".

In 2004, China exported 64.801 million units of "electric drills".

In 2005, China exported 63.166 million electric drill products.

In 2005, the export volume of China's "electric drill" products fell, mainly due to the sharp increase in raw material prices, which led to a significant increase in production costs. Therefore, the company controlled the export volume, which caused the export volume to decline slightly. Another reason is the adjustment of the industry product structure, which has increased

1 selection method

Take the indoor ceiling as an example, the ceiling is made of reinforced concrete, if used

Since electric drills need to be ventilated and dissipated, there is a lot of internal dust in the long-term use. The dust will cause the lubricant on the gears and bearings (sliding sleeves) to be mixed and deteriorated, which will increase the wear and tear, especially for other types of use. In order to ensure the rotation accuracy of the electric drill and reduce the excessive gap caused by the wear of the bearing (slip sleeve), it is extremely necessary to keep it clean and greased.

method:

Loosen a few self-tapping screws or screws outside the electric drill; lay flat and lift half of the shell; generally the structure of the new hand drill is semi-embedded, that is, all mechanical and electrical components are installed in the other half of the shell

Carefully remove the carbon brush first, then take down the end of the drill chuck, then gently lift the motor to take out the rotor (do not damage the enameled wire), and wipe the commutator on the rotor (the one that is in contact with the carbon brush is), if it is too dirty Or if it is very worn, you can sand it with abrasive cloth first and then use water sandpaper or metallographic sandpaper to shine.

If the front and rear bearings of the rotor are sealed, you can wipe the outside clean. If the seal is broken, it should be timely

According to reports, in the next ten to fifteen years, world power tool sales will grow at an annual rate of 5%. Power tools are a type of "low-value consumable"

Electric drill and others

1. Personal protection when using a power drill

1.1 When working face up, wear a protective mask. Wear protective glasses to drill holes in pig iron castings to protect the eyes.

1.2 The drill holder should be properly installed.

1.3 The drill is in a hot state during operation, and care should be taken to burn the skin.

1.4 When drilling a handheld electric drill with a diameter of 12mm or more, a side handle pistol drill should be used for drilling.

1.5 When standing on a ladder or working at a high place, you should take measures for falling from a high place. The ladder should be supported by ground personnel.

2. Matters needing attention before operation

2.1 Check whether the power supply connected to the site matches the nameplate of the drill. Whether a leakage protector is connected.

2.2 The drill bit and the holder should be fitted and properly installed.

2.3 Make sure that the switch on the electric drill is in the locked state, otherwise the electric drill will rotate unintentionally when the plug is plugged into the power outlet, which may cause personal injury.

2.4 If the work place is far from the power source, when the extension cable is needed, use a sufficient capacity and install a qualified extension cable. Extension cables should be elevated or walked through the sidewalk to prevent the cables from being crushed and damaged.

3. Correct operation method of electric drill

3.1 Drilling holes in metal materials should first be used to punch samples at the location being drilled.

3.2 When drilling larger holes, drill through with a small bit before drilling with a large bit.

3.3 When it is necessary to drill holes in metal for a long time, certain cooling measures can be taken to keep the drill bit sharp.

3.4 The drill cuttings generated during drilling are strictly forbidden to be cleaned by hand directly, and special tools should be used to remove the cuttings.

4. Maintenance and inspection

4.1 Inspection drill

Using a dull or curved drill will cause abnormal working conditions on the overload surface of the motor and reduce operating efficiency. Therefore, if such a situation is found, it should be replaced immediately.

4.2 Inspection of electric drill body fastening screws

Check the tightening of the mounting screws of the drill body before use. If you find that the screws are loose, re-tighten them immediately, otherwise the drill will fail.

4.3 Checking the carbon brush

The carbon brush on the motor is a consumable. Once the wear degree exceeds the limit, the motor will malfunction. Therefore, the worn carbon brush should be replaced immediately, and the carbon brush must always be kept clean.

4.4 Inspection of protective earth wire

Protective grounding wire is an important measure to protect personal safety. Therefore, it is necessary to check the shell of Class appliances (metal enclosures) for good grounding.