What is the basic steel?
The basic steel indicates steel made in an oven lined with a basic, rather than an acidic substance. In this way, the vast majority of steel produced in industrial companies are produced. The insulation of the furnace structure from the heat of the furnace is the central challenge in the production of steel. Removing dirt from iron mixtures is another challenge in steel production. Since the 1950s, modern methods of insulating furnaces with low pH or low -scores have been used.
steel is primarily iron, but contains a small number of other elements in the mixture. This is desirable because it can improve the material properties of the substance, namely hardness. Carbon is the most common element added to the steel, but also used manganese, chrome and tungsten. These basic iron accessories are called alloying materials. The steel is much stronger than pure aluminum or iron itself, but must be made in a specific way.
During the second industrial Revolution, the Bessemer process for weight steel has been discovered and widely applied.The main innovation in this process was the ability to remove dirt from molten iron by blowing air. Excess silicon, manganese and carbon are oxidized by air and can then escape from the fabric.
In order to prevent melting of the furnace structure during steel, which may include very high temperatures, the container is lined with refractory material. Refractors are substances that retain their physical properties at temperatures greater than 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit (537.77 degrees Celsius). Low pH refractors are used in basic steel production. In the Bessemer process, the mineral dolomite was a common low -refractory refractory to trim the container in the production of basic steel.
In 1952, a new steel process was known as Linz-Donawitz or LD, was developed. Pure oxygen is used rather than using Bessmer's air blowing technique. IncreaseIron oxidation allows for more effective removal of dirt. Modern furnaces can convert 350 tons of iron to steel in less than 40 minutes. The LD process also causes less air pollution in the production of basic steel than the Bessemer process.
Basic refractors allow the removal of sulfur and phosphorus dirt more efficiently than acidic refractors. Once oxygen is blown through iron, dirt either leaves like a gas or forms a slag that floats to the surface. Oxidized carbon escapes as carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide. Other impurities form new compounds that separate from the mixture and leave a basic steel behind.