What is an anti -current exchange?
The
counter -promotion is highly efficient, a naturally occurring phenomenon of thermal or chemical transmission between fluid bodies. This process takes place in the case of heat or partially permeable membrane in the case of chemical replacement. On counter -current exchanges, the donor and recipient fluid always flows in opposite directions, which is a characteristic that lends its efficiency process and its name. The anti -current replacement is found in many biological systems such as mammalian kidneys, birds and fish gills and are commonly used industrial chemical and thermal transmission systems. A similar system is the concurrent replacement process, which is less efficient and has transmission between liquids flowing in the same direction.
The replacement of thermal energy or suspended substances between flowing fluids is a common phenomenon in nature and industry. These current flow exchanges can be divided into two groups: concurrent and countermeasures. Both include heat exchange or suspended chemicals between fluidsAmi flowing in neighboring blood vessels either through conductive surfaces or semi -permeable membranes. As fluids flow through their shared areas, warm and chemicals naturally flow from high to low concentration areas until balance is achieved. It is a characteristic of the transmission of elementary transmission, which makes the anti -current exchange method more efficient of these two.
The oxygen transmission process in the fishing of fish is a good example of the benefits of contrastive exchange. Because oxygen -poor blood meets the contradictory flow of water -rich water, oxygen begins to distract from water and into the bloodstream. This causes the oxygen concentration in the water to decrease and increases in the blood. Since the directions of the flow are against it, the blood will always flow on water with higher oxygen concentrations and the replacement will continue until the flows are distinguished. In parallel streams, however, both fluids flow in the same direction and the relationship betweenConcentrations quickly achieve balance, thereby effectively stopping the exchange.
This means that, unlike the concurrent variant, countercurrent exchange systems continue to transfer the appropriate element to a full exchange area for greater efficiency. This efficiency usually allows 100%transmission values, with the recipient's flow leaving the system with the same heat or chemical concentration as the donor flow. However, the same cannot be said about parallel exchanges, with average transmission values running in the 50%area. As a result, the method for anti -current exchange is suitable for industrial processes, such as regenerating heat exchange and biological transmission methods, including renal and pulmonary functions.