How Do I Choose the Best Leukoplakia Treatment?

White spot disease is one of the most common fish parasitic diseases. It occurs more frequently in tropical fishes of the family Cyprinidae and Cichlididae in the seasons when the water temperature is low in late autumn and early spring.

White spot

The cause of white spot disease is caused by the invasion of fish skin or gills by protozoa small melon insects. Its small melon worm is a kind of ciliate in protozoa. Microscopic examination of adult worms with large horseshoe-shaped nuclei. Juveniles have large round, oval or rod-shaped nuclei. The worm body is soft and flexible, and its shape is changeable. This disease is one of the most common and frequently occurring diseases in ornamental fish. Its characteristics are rapid infection, widespread epidemic, and great harm.

White spot disease

White spot disease is also called small worm disease. The small worm body (lchthyophthirius multifiliis) is spherical, covered with cilia all over,

White spots (5 photos)

The diameter is about 0.8mm, which is a small white spot visible to the naked eye. At a water temperature of 18-23 ° C, small melon insects often parasitize under the skin, tail fins and gills of the fish, sucking nutrition from the fish tissues, and stimulating the fish to secrete a large amount of mucus, so white pus forms on the surface Bubble

Cloth fish whole body. When tropical fish suffer from this disease, white spots first appear on the fins, and the fish appear sluggish, float on the water, and rarely move. Or often swim sideways beside water grass, gravel and itching. In severe cases, it can lead to dense white spots around the fish's body, stop feeding, lose weight, and have difficulty breathing until death. The course of the disease is usually about 5 to 10 days. The formation of white spots is not spawning. It has a life cycle. When people see the salt on the fish body, it is the stage where it absorbs and absorbs on the fish's skin. In the meantime, it is drug resistant. When full, it will separate from the fish and fall to the bottom of the tank. This parasite produces a protective film, forming a cyst, which contains 10 small larvae (visible by a magnification of 40 times). They divide and reproduce. One can turn into more than 1,000 individuals. They will look for fish as a host. To provide their food, the entire process is highly temperature dependent. Because the small melon is not resistant to high temperature, it usually stops growing above 25 , and when the water temperature rises to 28 ~ 30 , it will die naturally. Therefore, for tropical fish with white spot disease, treatment is not too troublesome. As long as the water temperature is maintained at about 28 to 30 ° C, the cysts on the surface of the fish body will all fall off after one week. If at this time supplemented with medication, the effect will be better. When treating with drugs, you can use 0.1 ppm mercury nitrate as a medicated bath in the fish tank. For severely ill fish, the diseased fish can be washed with 2 ppm mercury nitrate or 0.5 ppm malachite green solution for 2-3 hours. When the symptoms of the sick fish disappear, it is necessary to replace the fresh water in time, so as not to cause mercury poisoning of the fish for too long. To prevent this disease, only care should be taken to maintain a water temperature of more than 25 ° C. When introducing new fish, first soak the new fish with a potassium permanganate solution or saline and disinfect it before putting it into the fish tank. Generally, white spot disease can be prevented.

White spots (6 photos)

White spot symptoms

White spot : In the early stage of illness, the sick fish will rub hard objects with the body, hoping to remove the nasty pathogens from the body. There are many small white spots on the surface of the diseased fish, fins and gills. Sick fish lose weight, float on the surface or cluster, and rarely move. In the later period, the body surface is covered with a white film, with increased mucus and dull body color.

White spot disease environment

The occurrence environment of white spot disease has obvious seasonality. It usually occurs from December to June of the following year. When the water temperature is 14-25 ° C, it is the most suitable temperature for the breeding of small melon insects. When the water temperature is lower than 10 ° C or higher than 28 ° C, the development of small larvae of larvae will stop or die.

Early detection is the most important, milder symptoms. Fish can be picked up and placed in warm water at 30 ~ 32 ° C, because Cryptocaryon irritans cannot grow in this water temperature. In addition, you can use 10% saline against 1,000 kg of water for a medicated bath for 3 consecutive days to cure.

White spot treatment

White spot : No matter what medicine you use, first raise the water temperature to 30 degrees. The method that small melon insects are not resistant to high temperature can be used to promote the rapid maturation of spores produced on the fish body surface, accelerate their growth rate, and make them fall off the fish body surface. Therapeutic drugs: 1. Can also be soaked in 5% saline for several days; 2. Or use a two parts per million (2ppm) solution of methyl blue for 6 hours a day; 3. Mixed treatment with malachite green at 0.05 parts per million (0.05ppm) and formaldehyde solution at 25 parts per million (25ppm), the effect is better; 4. Or immerse it in quinine hydrochloride medicinal solution at 28 to 30 ° C for 2 to 5 parts per million (2 ppm) for 5 to 5 days; Or immerse for 30 minutes with 2 parts per million (2ppm) mercury nitrate solution; 6. Or immerse in a red mercury solution at a concentration of 50 to 70 parts per million (50 to 70 ppm) for 5 to 15 minutes, twice a day

After the white spots disappear, the drug should still be used for a period of time to kill the small melon insects that are not attached to the fish.

Note: Mercury nitrate and malachite green are highly toxic products, which can cause great harm to the human body and easily lead to cancer. It is not recommended to use, and should be avoided in the treatment of other diseases

Note: Malachite green is chemically called basic green, with molecular formula: C23H26N2, molecular weight: 346.4, and can be used as a green dye in industry. However, there are many applications for fish disease treatment (especially fisheries), which can be used for a variety of fish ectoparasites and pathogens (including: molds, bacteria, fluke infections on the skin and gills, etc.). Clinical conditions that have been proven effective include: White spot disease, water mold disease, mycelium disease, skin mucus disease, etc.

Note: Red mercury is a topical medicine, soaking is also a topical method, mainly to master the concentration and time. In the early stage, only a few parts of the body can be wiped, but if it is all in the later stage, the wipe is the same as dipping after diluting. Wiping is only partial, and it is not necessary to dilute it, because wiping removes the fish first. Such fish should not be dehydrated for a long time. After diluting and wiping, it is put into water immediately, and the efficacy is greatly lost and the effect is not great. Therefore, the local area can be wiped, but it should not be diluted. If it is whole body, it should be soaked. Because the whole body is wiped, it is difficult to wipe the gills, and the operation is also difficult. Inadvertent operation may cause trauma to the gills.

White spot prevention

White spot

Because the small melon is not resistant to high temperature, it usually stops growing above 25 , and when the water temperature rises to 28 ~ 30 , it will die naturally. Therefore, for tropical fish with white spot disease, treatment is not too troublesome. As long as the water temperature is maintained at about 28 to 30 ° C, the cysts on the surface of the fish body will all fall off after one week. If at this time supplemented with medication, the effect will be better. When treating with drugs, you can use 0.1 ppm mercury nitrate as a medicated bath in the fish tank. For severely ill fish, the diseased fish can be washed with 2 ppm mercury nitrate or 0.5 ppm malachite green solution for 2-3 hours. When the symptoms of the sick fish disappear, it is necessary to replace the fresh water in time, so as not to cause mercury poisoning of the fish for too long. To prevent this disease, only care should be taken to maintain a water temperature of more than 25 ° C. When introducing new fish, first soak the new fish with a potassium permanganate solution or saline and disinfect it before putting it into the fish tank. Generally, white spot disease can be prevented. Mostly adopt the weakness of small melon insects that are not resistant to high temperature, raise the water temperature to 32 ° C, and then equip with drug treatment, usually the cure rate can reach more than 90%. If the treatment is timely, the cure rate can reach 100%. Soak in 1% saline or gentamicin for about 15 minutes, once a day for several days. Or use 2 parts per million (2ppm) of methyl blue solution for 6 hours per day; or use 28 parts per million (2ppm) of quinine hydrochloride hydrochloride solution for 3 to 5 days. Achieved good results.

(1) When changing the water, pay attention to the excessive temperature difference, which will cause the fish to "cold" and let the pests invade the fish.

(2) Make full use of the weakness that small worms can die on their own after 24 hours without finding the host. The water for raising goldfish should be used after being exposed or left to stand for 2-3 days. This is one of the best ways to prevent the disease.

White spot

(3) According to the ratio of 0.05-0.1 g of mercury nitrate per cubic meter of water, the whole pool (cylinder) is sprayed or when the water temperature is below 15 ° C, 0.01 g of mercury nitrate can be put in 50 kg of water. , Wash the sick fish in a bath for about 0.5 to 1 hour, then wash it with fresh isothermal water, put it back into the disinfected new pool (tank), and rest it with a little green water. However, it should be noted that mercury nitrate is highly toxic and should be used with caution. In particular, the resistance of the small fish to the liquid medicine is weaker than that of the large goldfish, so the concentration of the liquid medicine should be appropriately reduced, and the immersion time should be appropriately shortened.

(4) Put 0.5-1 ml of human red mercury (medical red potion) in 10 kg of water, and wash the sick fish in a bath for 5-15 minutes. If it is fine, you can rub the part or the whole body with red mercury directly. After washing with fresh water, put it into clean fresh water and raise it. You can also sprinkle 3-5 (g) ml of red mercury in a cubic meter of water (that is, 1000 kg) to make the pool (cylinder) water concentration 3-5 mg / Rise. Depending on the condition after 2-3 days, you can use the above bath washing method to treat it once, and then change it to clean fresh water (green water) for feeding. At the same time, extend the sunshine time, and appropriately increase the water temperature, stop food, and increase oxygen to obtain satisfactory results.

(5) According to the characteristics of small melon insects that are not resistant to high temperature, put them in the sun and raise the water temperature to 30 ° C. Rub red mercury on the fish's whole body and wash them in fresh isothermal tender green water after washing with fresh water. One week after feeding, fasting, and sun exposure, the new water will be recovered.

(6) In the water temperature range of 20-26 ° C, bathe sick fish with 0.3 g or 0.4 g of malachite green solution per cubic meter of water (1000 kg) for 2 hours. It is also safer. ^[1]

White spot disease symptoms and prevention

White spot grass carp

(1) Pathogen: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

(2) Disease pattern and harm: It is one of the more widespread and harmful fish diseases in China. The suitable breeding temperature for small melon insects is 15 ~ 25 , so the disease has obvious onset season. Spring, autumn, and early winter in the south are epidemic seasons. The disease is not host-specific, and any freshwater fish can be attacked and diseased.

(3) Symptoms: The surface of the diseased fish and the gill flap are covered with white dot-shaped worms and cysts, visible to the naked eye. The mucus at the head, trunk, and fins of the body surface increased significantly, mixed with the insect body, and there seemed to be a thin film, and the epidermis eroded. When there is a large amount of parasitism on the gills, mucus increases, and the ends of the gill filaments become anemia. The sick fish reacted slowly in the water, swimming slowly, rubbing against solids from time to time, and soon died.

(4) Prevention and control measures: A. Prevention: Reasonably intensive cultivation and disinfection of fish species; Thoroughly clear the pond with quicklime before disinfection. B. Treatment: Apply formalin (15-25 mg / L) to the entire pool, once every other day, for 2 to 3 times in a row. ^[2]

() White spot turtle

1. Epidemic situation: the onset season is from August to October, and temperature-controlled farming can be affected throughout the year; the disease duration is from 5 days to 15 days. When the temperature is not suitable, it can reach 30 days. The disease is endemic. The water quality is usually acidic, the dissolved oxygen is low, and the stocking density is greater than 5O per square meter, which is more susceptible to white spot disease. The onset water temperature is 25 ° C-30 ° C, and the epidemic range is nationwide. If not treated in time, the mortality rate can reach 100%. Juveniles are susceptible to this disease, and the course of disease is generally 7 days to 15 years, and some can reach more than a month.

2. Pathogen: The pathogen of white spot disease is Aeromonas suberii (traditional name is Aeromonas mildew).

3 Symptoms and pathological changes: There are corn or mung bean-sized white or light yellow spots under the horny skin of the neck, back, abdomen, and extremities of the barberry.

4 Prevention method:

Prevention: The appropriate stocking density is that the number of early juveniles per square meter should not exceed 60, and the feeding time should not exceed 30 days. Improve the water quality, maintain the pH value above 72, and maintain the dissolved oxygen at 3mg-4mg per liter of water. Juvenile water can be adjusted with borax or sodium bicarbonate. First, spray the whole pond with a concentration of 2 parts per million to 5 parts per million, and repeat it when insufficient. Juveniles can tolerate a concentration of 2O to 25 parts per million. It is not suitable to use quicklime to dilute and disinfect with furazolidone at 0.02%. For young juveniles, use 0.0O3%. When the water temperature is above 20 , dip 30 minutes-40 minutes; when the water temperature is below 20 ° C, immerse for 40 minutes-50 minutes. Prevention and treatment with Baidiaoling: Sprinkle the whole pool with a concentration of 2 parts per million to 4 parts per million for 3 consecutive days, and then use this medicine to feed, 1 gram to 2 grams per 50 kg of juvenile pupa, continuous After 5 days to 7 days of treatment, the cure rate can reach 95%.

Treatment: Sprinkle with furazolidone 1.2 to 2.5 parts per million. Sprinkle erythromycin at a concentration of 1.5 parts per million to 2.5 parts per million. Erythromycin is usually effective before the medicine is adjusted to pH 7.5. Sprinkle five parts per million with Yuguangling and Zhilingling. These two medicines are products of Sichuan Province, which have been tested by Ms. Li Yinming for the prevention and treatment of white spot disease, and the effect is remarkable. ^[3]