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"Big beetle" mostly grows in rain forest areas of South America, such as Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia and Brazil. What is amazing to the world is that it can easily lift an object 850 times its weight, known as the strongest creature in the world. However, the scientific community has discovered that the color of its shell can also change from green to black as the surrounding humidity changes. It is from this that scientists have studied and explored the vigorous beetle for many years.

Vigorous beetle

Recently, Belgian researchers announced the latest research results of the Hercules Beetle, explaining some of the basic principles that the world's most powerful creature can change the color of the shell. Scientists said that the shell structure of the strong beetle "Intelligent materials" are of great value to human applications.

At present, the technical instruments used in the research on the structure and shape of Dyke's shell include the latest three-dimensional scanning imaging technology. After years of development, this technology has been able to enter three-dimensional organisms to obtain three-dimensional images. Researchers at the University of Namur in Belgium have used the latest imaging technology to study the shell of the beetle. Scan the electron microscope to test the beetle's response to external light, and analyze how the light interacts with the beetle's outer structure. They tested the dried shell specimen of the vigorous beetle. During the research, they found that when external light hits the beetle's shell, its shell will automatically turn green. When the water penetrates into the beetle's porous and large shell, the shell immediately produces a "conflict effect", resulting in the production of black pigments.

However, why the beetle changes the color of its shell is still a problem for scientists. Some researchers believe that the change in the color of the beetle's epidermis is related to its self-protection function-high humidity at night, and the beetle changing its own shell color to black is good for combining with the night environment. Another part of researchers believes that color changes are related to the heat absorption of beetles at night. Related experiments are still being explored, but the research of Belgian scientists explains the basic principle of this phenomenon-the change of the color of its shell is related to the humidity and light of the environment. .

Marie Rassart, a researcher at Namur University, said that this beetle structural property is an important "smart material" that can be widely used in human real life, such as humidity sensors, food processing plants In the monitoring of humidity levels, its prospects are promising. Scientists said that they would understand the principle of discoloration of the shell as soon as possible, and benefit the research results as soon as possible.

The mighty beetle is known as the strongest can in the world

About Beetle

The beetle, like other insects, has a three-headed body, six legs, and three heads. The biggest feature of them is that the forewings become hard wing sheaths, which have no flight function, but only protect the hindwings and body. When flying, first raise the wing sheath, then spread the thin hind wings and fly into the air. The color of the wing sheath varies widely, some are golden, some are sliver-like tiger-like, and some are speck-like leopard-skin.

Vigorous beetle

Some are mottled. Some beetles have their wing sheaths attached, and their hind wings are degraded and cannot fly, just like a walker. The size of the beetles varies greatly, the small trichomes are only 0.25 mm long. The largest one is like a beetle, which is 20 cm long. Male beetles are usually smaller than females. The beetle's head has a pair of antennae. The antennae are of different lengths and are mostly divided into ten to eleven knots. There are stick-shaped, jagged, rosary-shaped, filamentous, cheek-shaped, knee-shaped and so on. Male tentacles are more developed than females. The structure of the mouthpiece is suitable for chewing, and some are suitable for sucking juice. There are usually ten knots in the abdomen, but some knots degenerate or deform, so only eight or nine knots can be seen. With different living habits, their foot structure is also different. Some have well developed leg sections and are suitable for jumping; others have swimming hairs and are suitable for swimming. Beetles are completely metamorphic insects. There are four stages in their life history: eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults. The size and number of eggs vary. Cryptosporidium eggs

Vigorous beetle

Large, but only a few at a time; the eggs of the genus Galliata are very small, but thousands of at a time. Most ladybugs lay eggs in piles on leaves; weevil bugs often drill holes in plant stems to lay eggs in them; some goldworms have special oocysts to protect the eggs; others lay eggs in the dirt Or water. Some of their larvae can move freely, and some often hide in shelters. Most of the larvae pupate in the soil or in hiding places without cocoon, but some species will cocoon to protect the pupae. From larvae to adults, it only takes one week, while others take twenty years. Depending on their feeding habits, antennae shapes, and wing veins, beetles can be divided into carnivorous, polyphagous, and kisses.

Biological characteristics

Kinky

Total metamorphosis and complex metamorphosis. Some species, such as Asteraceae, Carapaceae, Cryptopteraidae, Daphniaceae and Legumes, have metamorphosis, that is, there are many different morphologies at each age of the larva. For example, the genus Dictyophora of the family Chrysanthemum, has 6th instar larvae: the first instar type, or three-clawed pupa, is agile and eats locust eggs in the soil. The second to fourth instars are pupa and the fifth instar. For the elephant type, the 6th age changed to a tadpole type. Females lay their eggs on the surface, under the soil, in the crevices or on the plants. Eggs laid on plants, often enclosed in oocysts, such as some species of the family Brassicaceae;

Vigorous beetle

Eggs, mostly wrapped in bag-shaped cocoons, such as water turtles. The spawning methods are mostly directly in the soil or on plants with pseudo-ovipositors; but the Monochamus can bite the bark of the upper jaw and then lay eggs in it; while some weevil can use the beak to dig holes in the plant first Then the eggs are laid inside. Larvae are usually 3rd or 4th instar, and the number of ages is often fixed and consistent in some large groups. For example, the larvae of Carabidae and Scarabidae are mostly 3rd instars, and some of the leaf families are 4th instars. The tadpoles below the surface are mostly hidden in the soil chamber; the tadpoles on the plants are mostly cocoons, and the tadpole cocoons are made of Markovian secretions. Many types of adult worms are pseudo-dead. When they are disturbed, they quickly gather their feet, stay still, or suddenly fall from the host. Some groups have mimicry, such as some weevil shaped like a bird droppings.

Food types and utilization value

Adults and larvae have complex feeding habits, including saprophytic (yanjia), dungivorous (url) dung beetle, cadaveric (burial), phytophagous (various leaf beetle, flower beetle), and predatory (carapace, tiger A) and parasitic and so on. Many of the herbivorous species are important pests of agricultural and forestry crops, and some live in the soil to damage seeds, roots and seedlings, such as larvae of the cephalaceae (Golden Beetle) and larvae of the Scarabaeidae (Tadpole), etc .; some of the stolons or Dry damage to economic crops such as forest trees, fruit trees and sugar cane, such as Cerambycidae and Kyrgyzstan

Vigorous beetle

Butyridae larvae, etc .; some feed on leaves, such as leaf beetles and adults of various beetles; some are important stored-grain pests, such as most species of legumes that specialize on the seeds of legumes. Many of the predatory beetles are natural enemies of insects. For example, most species of the coccinellidae prey on aphids, whiteflies, scale insects, leaf snails and other pests. Carapace and tiger beetle can eat a variety of small insects, especially for Lepidoptera. Larvae have a strong predation ability. Turtle larvae are parasitic in locust eggs and honeycombs. Some species of larvae of Daphnia magna are parasitic in the pupae, and some live in the honeycomb. Carrion, fecal, and corpse-eating beetles, such as many species in the family Burialidae and Dungidae, can clean the environment for humans. There are also some beetles that have medicinal value. Among them, genistein (also known as cantharidin) secreted by some species of adults, such as the genus Nymphaeaceae, has a wide range of functions such as foaming, diuretic, and aphrodisiac. It is also used to treat certain cancers.

Economic significance

Coleoptera is commonly known as a beetle. The front wings are keratinized into coleoptera. The body is hard. The armor-like body wall protects the insect body, making them able to withstand various injuries in nature. The exquisite body structure and wide adaptability are conducive to their successful occupation of various habitats in land, air and water, and become the largest order in the insect class. Some of these species are important pests and beneficial insects in agriculture, forestry, fruit trees, and horticulture, or become worldwide pests in various storages and human rooms due to commercial transportation and other reasons. The beetle's feeding habits are complex, including saprophytic, fecal, cadaveric, plant-eating, predatory and parasitic. Many herbivorous species are important pests in agriculture and forestry. The important family is the cephalaceae, whose larvae are commonly known as gold needles and live in the soil. The important species in China are the caterpillar catfish and the caterpillar caterpillar.

Vigorous beetle

Seeds, roots and seedlings. The larvae of the general family Chaferidae are also known as pupae, and are also important underground pests. In China, the genus Heterophylla and the tooth-gill chafer are seriously affected. The important species in the family Cerambycidae include the domesticated Monochamus alternatus, the double-striped pine monochamus alternatus, the cane root monochamus alternatus, etc., which damage wood, forest trees, fruit trees or cash crops in China. Adults and larvae of the leaf family Acetopodidae are phytophagous. The important species in China are rice negative mudworm and rice iron beetle that harm rice, and malignant leaf beetle that harm citrus. The potato beetle is a large pest of potato in Europe and North America, and it is an important international quarantine object. In the weevil family, China has corn elephants, rice elephants, and grain elephants. They damage food and seeds and are a devastating species of warehouse pests. Sweet potato weevil is an important pest of sweet potatoes. Cotton boll weevil, which seriously damages cotton in North and Central America, is an important international quarantine object. Among the warehouse pests, the larvae of the genus Papaveridae are harmful cereals, beans, peanuts, processed oil products, and animal foods, etc., and their larvae are highly resistant, and they are important international quarantine objects. In addition, the broad bean and pea elephants of the leguminous family are also important warehouse pest and quarantine targets in China. Tenebrio molitor, Tenebrio molitor, Mitochrysophora glutinosa and Pseudoparasitidae in Pseudomonarchidae are important stored-grain pests.

Many of the predatory beetles are beneficial to humans, such as the coccinellidae, carapaceae and tiger beetles. The Australian ladybug in the coccinellidae is a natural enemy insect with great economic value. China has introduced it from Oceania to control Blowworm. The ladybug was originally distributed from India to Australia. China also introduced it to control scale insects. Important species in the carapaceae, such as Chinese broad-shouldered carapace and red-breasted carapace, prey on Lepidoptera larvae such as slimeworms and rhizomes, with high predation rates.