What Are the Medical Uses of Jujube Fruit?

Fresh jujube (also known as fresh jujube) refers to jujube fruits directly picked from jujube trees without processing. The nutritional value of fresh jujube is much higher than that of dried products, but due to the defects of fresh-keeping technology, it is not conducive to preservation. Therefore, the fresh-keeping date of fresh dates is relatively short.

Fresh dates

China has a long history of cultivating jujube trees. It has been cultivated for more than 7000 years. Jujube has been closely related to the lives of ancient people in China. Jujube has both rich nutritional value and important medical care value. Food and medicine are of the same origin. In the profound traditional Chinese medicine, jujube as the soul of Chinese medicine is ubiquitous, and it has made important contributions to the healthy development and reproduction of our people. In the long course of history, the working people in ancient China have created a rich and splendid jujube culture. The jujube culture has become an important part of the traditional culture of the descendants of Yan and Huang. The cultural heritage of thousands of years has naturally branded jujube among our citizens. In my heart, the nutritional and nourishing health effects of jujube have been rooted in the minds of the people and flowed in the blood of the people. In ancient China, the working people had a more in-depth study of jujube trees. They have made great achievements in jujube varieties, cultivation techniques, pest control, flower and fruit preservation, storage and processing, etc. With valuable resources and experience, it has laid a solid material and cultural foundation for the development of today's date trees.

Jujube originated in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River in China, and long-term cultivation and introduction led to the widespread distribution of jujube trees in China. At present, with the exception of Heilongjiang, Jilin and Tibet, the rest of the provinces and cities are almost all cultivated with dates. During the period from the founding of New China in the last century to the reform and opening up in 1978, the development of jujubes in China was almost at a stagnant stage, and the area and output were once reduced due to the large-scale steelmaking. By 1979, China's annual output of jujube was more than 300,000 tons. Since the mid-1980s, jujube trees have started to develop, but the output has grown slowly. By the late 1980s and early 1990s, the jujube trees began to develop rapidly. By the mid-1990s, the national jujube output had doubled to reach About 700,000 tons, the output of jujube has risen sharply since then, increasing at an annual rate of 11%. By 2006, the output has reached more than 2.5 million tons, with a total area of about 16 million mu.

China's jujube varieties are rich in resources. According to the "Chinese Fruit Tree Jujube Volume" published in 1993, there are 700 varieties. In the past decade or so, China has also selected new varieties, and the number of jujube varieties has been increasing.

There are many classification methods of jujube varieties, which are divided into five categories: dried, fresh, dual-use, candied dates, and ornamental. Fresh jujube varieties are jujube varieties suitable for fresh eating. It is characterized by crispy flesh, lots of juice, sweet or sour taste, and strong palatability. Among the 700 jujube varieties recorded in China Fruit Tree Journal, Jujube Volume, there are 261 fresh jujube varieties, accounting for more than one-third of all jujube varieties. New jujube varieties that have passed the identification in recent years include early crisp king, milk fragrant jujube, July fresh, Beijing jujube 39, sunshine, moonlight and so on.

There are many varieties of fresh dates, among which there are many excellent varieties, such as early-maturity and middle-early varieties such as early crisp king, milk fragrant jujube, Ningyang June fresh, Xinzheng June fresh, pastry crisp, honey pot, crispy, etc .; medium ripe And late-maturing varieties include jujube jujube, large white bell, Lintong pear jujube, pepper jujube; jujube jujube, non-falling crisp, Chengwu winter jujube; late-maturing varieties include winter jujube, Xingtai Jiuyueqing, and so on.

Although there are many varieties of fresh dates in China, they have not developed in the past few thousand years. Most of them have been planted sporadically in gardens or fields. This is mainly due to the lack of storage and transportation conditions in the past. Fresh dates are prone to water loss, wilting, and decay. Deterioration and can not survive.

The large-scale development of fresh jujubes in China began in the mid-1980s. The first large-scale variety was Lintong Pear Jujube. Lintong Pear Jujube has won the jujube farmers for its large, premature, high, stable and high quality. With market recognition, Lintong Lizao was popular all over the country in six or seven years, and many places were introduced and cultivated. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Lintong pear jujube was still developing rapidly. Winter jujube began to develop. Winter jujube quickly conquered the market with its unparalleled quality and became the fruit of the "nobility" at that time. The price of 100-300 yuan per kilogram is higher than the sky-high price of 50-100 yuan per kilogram at the beginning of the development of Lintong Pear Jujube. Dongzao rose rapidly after three or four years, and the development momentum was rapid and the speed was unexpected. When the winter jujube was vigorously developed, the development momentum of Lintong Pear Jujube sharply decreased. Lintong Pear Jujube quickly withdrew from the fresh jujube market due to the decline in quality. Since then, it has become the current development pattern of the winter jujube as a whole.

1. A single variety cannot meet market demand

So far, the largest varieties of jujube cultivated in production are Dongzao and Lintong Pear Jujube. The cultivated area of Dongzao Jujube is about 1.2-1.3 million mu, and Lintong Pear Jujube is about 300,000 mu. Other fresh jujubes such as Chinese jujube, capsicum jujube, Chengwu winter jujube, Dabailing, Xuecheng winter jujube, Tongbai jujube, Sihong jujube and other varieties also have a certain amount of development, but the scale is not large.

China has a vast territory, with very different natural conditions and consumption concepts. The consumer market for fresh dates is large and the demand is diverse (multi-level and multi-directional). Different times and regions have different requirements for fresh dates. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the investigation of market demand, accurately position the consumer market for fresh dates, and select varieties based on the characteristics of fresh date varieties and current and future market needs. Fresh jujube varieties are rich in resources. According to their differences in maturity, fruit shape, taste, and fruit, etc., develop different varieties to enrich the jujube market, meet market demand, and get rid of concentration of listing, sales difficulties, and low benefits caused by a single variety. Dilemma.

2. Quality decline

Fresh jujube is directly consumed, so its appearance and taste are very important. Both of the two varieties of winter jujube and Lintong pear jujube developed in large area in China have serious problems of quality degradation. The decline in quality has reached the point where its survival is shaken. After the large-scale development of Lintong Pear Jujube in China, due to the decline in quality, it has basically withdrawn from the fresh jujube market and switched to processing candied dates. At the beginning, Dongzao was able to develop rapidly with its unparalleled quality. At present, Dongzao is going downhill and repeating the mistakes of Lintong Lizao because of its serious decline in quality. It is really "quality" and quality.

3. Management costs, high cost, low efficiency

At present, the largest cultivated area of winter jujube, due to its large demand for fertilizer and water, difficulty in fruit setting, susceptibility to pests and diseases, and strong ability to sprout jujube heads, increase the difficulty of management. Standard or green standard. Reduced product market competitiveness and reduced benefits.

1. Advantages and disadvantages of fresh dates

In today's society where people's living standards are constantly improving, "nutrition, safety, and palatableness" have become the highest goals pursued by consumers. Fresh jujube, known as "living vitamin c pills", meets the needs of consumers because of its beautiful appearance, rich nutrition, strong palatability, and easy consumption. It is logical to get consumers' favor. However, fresh dates are not easy to store and have a short shelf life, and inconvenient long-distance transportation has become an important factor restricting the development of fresh dates.

2. Domestic and foreign markets

The heavy cultural heritage of jujubes has made our people generally recognize fresh jujubes, and the consumption of fresh jujubes will inevitably change from a current fashion consumption to daily consumption. Therefore, fresh jujube has a huge share in the domestic market. China's 1.3 billion people consume 1.3 million tons per year based on an average annual consumption of 2 kg. Fresh dates can be used as the main fruit of our country like apples. It is still so. Based on an average annual consumption of 10 kilograms, the annual demand is 6.5 million tons. It shows that its market potential is huge.

Overseas Chinese and Southeast Asian countries are deeply influenced by Chinese traditional culture, and their identification with dates is no different from that of the Chinese. Other foreigners don't like to consume dried dates, but they must be easy to accept fresh dates that are no different from fruit consumption. Through vigorous publicity, it will not be too difficult to conquer foreigners with the three advantages of "nutrition, safety, and palatableness" that fresh dates have. It can be said that no corner of the earth will repel fresh dates.

It can be seen that with the acceleration of globalization, the advancement of fresh jujube storage and preservation technology, and the development of fast transportation means such as aviation and intercontinental trains, fresh jujube will inevitably step out of the country and rush towards The world wins the world with its "noble" quality.

1. Do a good introduction test and choose the correct species

The factors that affect the growth and development of jujube trees and the quality of jujube fruits are mainly light, temperature, temperature difference between day and night, rainfall, soil and other conditions. The same breed behaves differently in different places due to differences in natural ecological conditions. Breeds that perform well in one place may not perform well, or even perform poorly, elsewhere. Conversely, breeds that perform well in one place will perform better when introduced to other places. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out research on the regionalization of varieties, do a good introduction experiment, find out the suitable and most suitable cultivation area of the variety, plant it in the proper place, and avoid blind introduction and cause unnecessary losses.

2. Appropriate development scale, avoiding a blast

"Things are rare and precious" is the eternal truth. The development of fresh dates should also follow this principle. The speed of the development of fresh dates should be based on market demand. Lagging markets are not profitable, and far exceeding market demand can also have disastrous consequences. The development scale of fresh jujube should be based on macroeconomic control based on market research. It is best to adopt large companies and jujube farmers to set up cooperative organizations to connect the market and the base. From the past model of planting first and then finding a sales path to changing to the market first, looking for sales channels, and then tailoring to sell and set production, so that the development scale of fresh dates is basically in line with market demand, to avoid jujube injuries to farmers Phenomenon, to maintain the healthy and sustainable development of fresh dates.

3. Pay attention to breed updates and strengthen the breeding of new breeds

The market is a baton, and the development of fresh dates should follow the baton of the market. People's consumption preferences are constantly changing with time. It is necessary to continuously update the variety to meet the consumer's consumption needs in order to obtain the maximum benefits.

At present, the fresh jujube varieties on the jujube tree are almost all the old varieties left by our ancestors. Utilizing China's rich jujube resources and cultivating innovative new varieties is a magic weapon for the continuous development of fresh jujube and an invincible position. It is necessary to combine conventional breeding and molecular breeding methods to speed up the breeding process. The breeding goals of fresh jujube varieties are large, high quality, premature, high yield, strong stress resistance, early maturity and mid-early maturity, taking into account late maturity. Special attention should be paid to bud selection and selection. In this regard, the enthusiasm of the majority of jujube farmers should be brought into play, and the scientific quality of jujube farmers should be improved through training and publicity, and their level of identifying bud changes should be improved. Jujube farmers should be the beneficiaries of discovering new varieties, and protection and support should be given to intellectual property rights and material rewards.

5. Standardize breed names and avoid blind introduction

At present, the names of jujube varieties are very chaotic. The phenomenon of the same name and the same foreign name is very serious, which seriously hinders the introduction and cultivation and causes huge losses to production. When a variety of fruit is used as a commodity, it can be sold under different brand names, but its variety name should be standardized academically and uniquely. Dongzao was originally an ancient variety clearly recorded in the "Chinese Fruit Tree Journal · Jujube Volume", but now it is called Huangpidongzao, Zhanhuadongzao, Lubeidongzao and Dalidongzao, causing great confusion in academics and production.

Therefore, it is necessary to establish a unified national authority for breed identification. By establishing a gene database and a molecular map archive of jujube varieties resources, modern biotechnology is used to identify and identify new and old breeds at the molecular level to protect breed patents and prevent malicious infringement. .

6. Scientific cultivation management to improve fruit quality

Quality is the fundamental driving force for the sustainable development of fresh dates. The cultivation management level directly affects the quality of fresh dates. A good variety must have the corresponding supporting cultivation management technology in order to fully display its excellent characteristics. In other words, "good seed" is matched with "good method" to get "good fruit". Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the research on plastic trimming, soil and fertilizer management, flower and fruit protection, and disease and insect pest control technologies, and to explore "simplified labor-saving" cultivation techniques to reduce production costs. Applying nutrition diagnosis and fertilization technology, biological control technology for pests and diseases, water-saving irrigation technology, and advanced orchard underground management mode to the cultivation of fresh dates, to realize the scientific, simple, standardized, harmless and fresh cultivation of fresh dates. The quality of jujubes is safe, high-quality and efficient.

Fresh jujube has very high nutritional value. It is rich in organic acids, carotene, protein, iron, calcium, phosphorous and selenium essential for the human body. It is rich in vitamin C and contains nutrients such as "cyclic adenosine phosphate" and "grape glycoside". It has magical effects on beauty care, treating hypertension and preventing cancer. Therefore, there is a famous saying in the world: "Eat jujube in one day, you will not grow old for life."