What Are the Pros and Cons of an Antibiotic for Pseudomonas?

Pseudomonas infection is a disease caused by Pseudomonas parasites. Pseudomonas belongs to the family Pseudomonas, and includes a group of Gram-negative bacilli. It is an opportunistic pathogen that often causes hospital-acquired infections. It is widely present in soil, water, dirt and air, and grows well on all media. It is mainly divided into Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, B. equine infection, and glandular mellitus-like infection.

Basic Information

English name

pseudomonas infection

Visiting department

Internal medicine

Common causes

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Common symptoms

Fever, vomiting, shock

Causes of Pseudomonas infection

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) is a common conditional pathogen in Pseudomonas. When the body's resistance decreases, entering the body can cause infections in corresponding parts of the body, such as burned faces, respiratory tract, and urinary Tract, central nervous system, corneal infections and sepsis. Because Pseudomonas aeruginosa is naturally resistant to most antibacterial drugs, treatment is difficult. At present, anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa synthetic penicillin and third-generation cephalosporins can be selected for clinical treatment. Occasionally Pseudomonas equine (B. bacterium) and Pseudomonas brevis (B. bacterium) can occasionally cause disease in humans. Bacillus glanderus invades through skin wounds, eye conjunctivae, or respiratory tract. Bacillus glandularis infects the human body through a variety of ways, including direct contact, the respiratory tract, digestive tract, or insect bites. Both clinical manifestations are similar, and both acute lung infections can occur. Local infection of multiple organs. There is no effective treatment for gangrene. Tetracycline, chloramphenicol and other treatments can be tried for gangrene-like. Both can get more lasting immunity after illness.

Clinical manifestations of Pseudomonas infection

1. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection

Symptoms of infection in various systems and parts, such as burns, respiratory tract, urinary tract, central nervous system, cornea and other infections.

(1) Septicemia manifests as fever, toxic shock, diffuse intravascular coagulation, and central gangrene pustular herpes.

(2) Purulent meningitis manifests as high fever, vomiting, refusing food, crying, and even convulsions.

(3) The main pathological feature of respiratory infections is necrotic alveolar membrane changes. May be complicated by abscesses, empyema and bronchopleural fistula.

(4) Three major types of symptoms can be seen clinically in endocarditis , namely systemic infection symptoms, cardiac symptoms, embolism and vascular symptoms.

(5) Newborns with gastrointestinal infections may show diarrhea, fever, vomiting, dehydration, and necrotizing enterocolitis. Perirectal abscesses can occur in patients with leukopenia.

(6) Wound infections after burns are green or blue-green sticky secretions with a sweet and fishy smell, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections are most common when the majesty is pus with green and sweet smell. Necrotic spots can be reproduced on infected granulation wounds.

(7) Other infections: peritonitis and urinary infections, corneal ulcer infections, ophthalmia, external otitis, brain abscesses, bone, joint and skin infections.

2. B. equine infection

The incubation period is mostly 4 to 5 days, and there are also those that last for months or years. The clinical manifestations are diverse and very similar to those of glanders. The disease can be classified into occult infection, asymptomatic pulmonary infiltration, acute local purulent infection, acute lung infection, acute sepsis, chronic purulent infection, and recurrent infection, etc., but there can be overlap between the types, which is difficult to distinguish clearly. Local purulent infections are manifested as nodules at the skin lesions, lymphadenopathy and lymphangiitis in the drainage area, often accompanied by fever and general discomfort, which can quickly develop into acute sepsis.

Acute lung infection is the most common type of infection of glanders. It can be primary or blood-borne disseminated pneumonia. In addition to high fever and chills, there are cough, chest pain, and shortness of breath. The symptoms are not proportional to chest signs. This type can also develop into sepsis. Acute septicemia can be primary or secondary, and is the most severe clinical type of glanders. Some patients often die due to the rapid progress of the disease before they can be rescued.

3. Bacillus pseudomallei infection

The disease is prevalent in Southeast Asia and is rare in other parts of the world. Causes a variety of human diseases, ranging from asymptomatic to acute toxic pneumonia or fatal sepsis.

Pseudomonas infection test

Hematological examination, cerebrospinal fluid and other secretions, excreta pathogenic examination was positive.

1. Microscopic examination of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a slender gram-negative small bacillus with a length of 1.3 to 3.0m and a width of about 0.5m. It is often polymorphic under static culture, without spores, and has slender flagella at one end of the cell The movement is extremely active. Can produce a variety of water-soluble pigments, which can turn pus into green pus pigment.

2. smear examination of B. equi

It can be found that Gram-negative Bacillus equiseti has been stained with alternate shades of light if stained with Lue's alkaline beauty blue.

3. Serology of glanders

In the indirect hemagglutination test or complement-combination test with heat-resistant polysaccharide antigen or bacteriocin-like substance, a strong positive result often occurs in the acute phase in the first weekend, and 90% of patients can appear positive in 2 to 5 weeks.

Diagnosis of Pseudomonas infection

The diagnosis was confirmed based on the etiology, medical history, clinical manifestations, and laboratory tests.

Pseudomonas infection treatment

1. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection treatment

Most of them are resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Antibiotics can be selected based on clinical and bacteriological culture and drug sensitivity test results. Commonly used drugs include anti-Pseudomonas penicillin and cephalosporins, aztreonam, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and carbapenems, but in recent years Pseudomonas aeruginosa has decreased sensitivity to most antibacterial drugs, leading to treatment Difficult, often combined with drugs in clinical situations.

2. Treatment of B. equi

The primary damage should be surgically removed as soon as possible, and antibiotics such as sulfa drugs or streptomycin and chloramphenicol should be applied.

3. Treatment of Bacillus genus-like infections

Tetracycline, chloramphenicol, streptomycin and sulfa drugs are sensitive antibiotics.