What Is a Nasal Syringe?

Nasogastric gavage is a method of artificially placing a gastric tube through the nasal cavity into the esophagus, first mashing the food with a grinder, and using a large syringe to connect the large injection mouth below the gastric tube joint. Once firm, manually pressurize the pusher plunger to draw water and food into the patient's stomach, helping patients who cannot swallow to provide water and food, and maintain metabolism, weight and nutrition in the body. Gastric tube specifications are thick and thin, and small tube damage is easy to block the tube. There is polyurethane or silicone material, and the gastric tube is left in the esophagus. The original physiological environment of the patient's digestive tract is changed. That is, indwelling the gastric tube can cause the sphincter at the end of the esophagus to close tightly, and it is easy to cause esophageal reflux. It is only used temporarily or temporarily for coma or Patients who cannot swallow and eat by themselves. The gastric tube should be firmly fixed to prevent accidental prolapse.

[bí sì]

Nasogastric gavage (nasogastric gavage) is a method of artificially placing a gastric tube through the nasal cavity into the esophagus.

[Explanation] Nasal feeding

For patients who cannot eat by mouth, liquid food is poured from the gastric tube to ensure that the patient intakes sufficient nutrition, water and drugs to facilitate early recovery.

There are two types, one is to infuse the nasal feeding tube funnel or drip with an infusion set; the other is to slowly inject with a large empty needle.

Prepare things and bring them to the bed.

Prepare the patient: The conscious person should explain well to gain cooperation and take a sitting or lying position. A comatose patient should lie on his back with his head tilted back and a treatment towel under his jaw. Use a wet swab to check and clean his nasal cavity. Prepare adhesive tape: two 6cm, one 1cm.

Hold the gauze in the left hand to support the gastric tube, and hold the front end of the gastric tube with the right hand vascular forceps to measure the length of the intubation. Adult 45-55cm (

First, inject a small amount of warm water, then give the meal, and finally flush the tube with warm water.

You can add fruit juice, vegetable juice, warm water, etc. between two meals to increase moisture.

Apply gauze filter before each meal to prevent gastric tube blockage.

The temperature of meals and drinks should be 38-40 degrees Celsius, and the speed of flowing through the gastric tube should not be too fast, and the amount of each injection should not exceed 200 ml.

The end of the gastric tube should be folded back after each suction of the nasal feeding solution to avoid inflating the air and causing abdominal distension.

After the nasal feeding, the gastric tube should be rinsed with warm water to prevent gastroenteritis or block the gastric tube due to the deterioration of the nasal feeding solution.

7. After the perfusion, fold the end of the gastric tube back, tie it with a string, wrap it with gauze, organize the items, and make a record.

Pay attention to preventing diarrhea caused by nasal feeding: Patients should have a period of adaptation to nasal feeding. At the beginning, the diet should be small, light, and gradually increase the amount of lunch, slightly higher than morning and evening, 5-6 times daily. Infused drinks that are too cold or too hot can cause diarrhea or gastrointestinal reactions. Therefore, you can test the temperature of the beverage on the skin of the back of the hand before infusion, so as not to feel hot. Food, tableware and pouring should be hygienic, and the diet should be prepared fresh. Pay attention to the regulation of the diet, such as frequent bowel movements, sour odor in the stool, which may be caused by entering too much sugar; stinky stool, alkaline reaction, may be protein indigestion.

Gastric tube retention time: Generally, it should be replaced once every 7-10 days. It should be removed after the last perfusion, and replaced the next morning, and inserted into the other nostril. The nasal cavity should be cleaned daily to enhance oral hygiene to prevent complications.

Pay attention to whether the gastric tube is in the stomach. When suctioning sputum for a patient, the trachea can be stimulated to cause a severe cough, or vomiting reflexes can occur at the same time, which can increase the internal pressure of the stomach and cause reflux, which may cause the gastric tube to prolapse and be coiled in the mouth.

Extubation: The movement should be gentle and rapid, so as not to cause vomiting or reflux fluid being sucked into the trachea. ^[1]

Nasal feeding diarrhea

Diarrhea is the most common complication, with an incidence of up to 62%, and this group accounts for 26%. It usually occurs when nasal feeding begins with a hypertonic diet. The gastrointestinal tract secretes a large amount of water to dilute the concentration of the solution. The intestinal peristalsis accelerates and diarrhea is easy to occur. Nasal feeding should adopt a gradual adaptation method, and the addition of antispasmodic and astringent drugs can control diarrhea. In addition, intestinal mold infections can also cause diarrhea.

Nasal feeding nausea and vomiting

Nasal feeding infusion is too fast and too large, which can cause nausea and vomiting, which can slow down the infusion rate. The volume of fluid is input in an increasing manner. The temperature of the solution is maintained at about 40 degrees Celsius to reduce gastrointestinal irritation.

Gastric retention

The patient's gastrointestinal motility is slow, and the input nutrient solution is retained in the gastrointestinal tract. Before each infusion of the solution, the patient is aspirated to know whether the stomach has emptied. After 4 hours of eating, the patient can withdraw from the gastric tube Food is suggestive of gastric retention, prolonging the interval between infusions may be taken, and gastrokinetic drugs may be added to promote gastric emptying.

Nasal feeding hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia

Hyperglycemia is related to a large number of nasal feeding and hypertonic sugar diets. Due to the family's overemphasis on nutritional supplements, its formula is high in sugar. In the nursing, the blood glucose and urine glucose measurement methods should be properly mastered to prevent the hyperglycemia from aggravating the condition. Hypoglycemia often occurs in people who have stopped abruptly with a long-term nasal feeding diet. In order to avoid hypoglycemia, the elemental diet should be stopped slowly or supplemented with other forms of sugar.

Nasal feeding dehydration

Dehydration can be caused by diarrhea, urine sugar, or insufficient water intake. The concentration and amount of diet should be gradually increased during nursing, and electrolyte changes and urea nitrogen levels should be constantly monitored to strictly record the amount of patients entering and leaving.

Nasal feeding aspiration

Aspiration is one of the more serious complications. Debilitated, elderly or comatose patients, especially those with esophageal reflux, are more likely to have fluid diet reflux and inhale into the trachea. Raise the head of the bed 30 degrees during care, pay attention to the infusion rate of the nasal feeding tube, monitor the gastric retention, mark the exit of the gastric tube, and act gently when suctioning to minimize irritation. If aspiration occurs, the patient has difficulty breathing, etc., immediately stop nasal feeding, take the right side, lower the head, suck the contents of the stomach to prevent reflux, causing serious consequences.

Nasal feeding decoupling, tube blocking

Detubation is often caused by patient's irritability when pulling out or accidentally falling off when turned over. Nursing tubes with fine holes, softness and good stability should be used in nursing for comfort, safety, and proper fixation of nasal feeding tubes. Rinse the nasal feeding tube to avoid clogging.