What Is Christian Therapy?

Christians see medicine as doing good, which promoted the earliest Christian hospitals and the medical care that followed. Under the influence of Christ, from the past, his disciples have been urged to build hospitals and develop medical care, and now it has spread to all parts of the world. It can be said that the modern medical system and health system are derived from the efforts and contributions of the Christian Church and Christians. In particular, the establishment of public health systems in most developing countries is inseparable from the dedication of missionaries. For example, in 1948, 9 of China's top 10 hospitals were founded by churches. The predecessor of today's most influential World Health Organization is the Rockefeller Foundation Medical Department sponsored by Christian entrepreneur Rockefeller.

Christian Medical

Christians see medicine as doing good, which promoted the earliest Christian hospitals and the medical care that followed. Under the influence of Christ, from the past, his disciples have been urged to build hospitals and develop medical care, and now it has spread to all parts of the world. It can be said that the modern medical system and health system are derived from the efforts and contributions of the Christian Church and Christians. In particular, the establishment of public health systems in most developing countries is inseparable from the dedication of missionaries. For example, in 1948, 9 of China's top 10 hospitals were founded by churches. Most influential today

The earliest Christian hospital

In the first three centuries after the advent of Christianity, Christians were often subjected to cruel persecution. The main thing Christians can do is take care of patients when they are found, and often bring them into their own homes. After the release of the Milan Decree in 313, especially after Emperor Constantine defeated the Eastern Roman Emperor Lizini in 324, Christians can invest more attention and energy in caring for the sick and dying . Therefore, the first special bishop of the Christian Church in Nicea in 325 stipulated that the bishop should build a shelter in every churched city. The most important functions of many early Christian hospitals or asylums were to care for and treat patients, but they also sheltered the poor from the rain and provided accommodation for Christian outsiders. These hospitals, known as "relief homes," were created by Christ's order to care for people with physical illnesses, and in accordance with the early apostles' commandment that Christians should entertain foreigners and inhabitants. ^[1]

Chinese Church Medical Career

Even before the United States sent a missionary doctor, Dr. Bo, to China in 1834, the Christian Mission confirmed that it would "use the medical profession as the gospel of the gospel", that is, use medicine as a way to promote culture in China. Before 1900, the scale of the church s medical career in China was generally small and not large. Usually, it was clinics attached to the church. Even formal hospitals had limited capacity. One of the earliest hospitals belonging to the French Catholic system was the French Hospital in Tianjin. It was founded in 1845. The more famous hospitals belonging to the French Catholic Church were the French Hospital opened in Jiujiang, Jiangxi in 1882, and the French Hospital opened in Nanchang, Jiangxi in 1890. In 1894, the Tianzhutang Clinic was opened in Qingdao, and there are dozens of small clinics. There were about forty hospitals and clinics affiliated to the Christian Medical Mission Church before 1900, most of which were small clinics distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and other places. ^[2]

After entering the twentieth century, missionaries paid more attention to the development of medical undertakings. In addition to expanding the scale of existing hospitals, many new hospitals and clinics were set up in various places. The new hospitals belonging to the French Catholic system are more famous. They were the French Hospital opened in Kunming in 1901, the Renaitang Hospital and Taomei Hospital opened in Chongqing and Guangzhou in 1905, the French Hospital opened in Qingdao in 1906, and in 1907. Guangci Hospital opened in Shanghai, the French Women's and Children's Hospital opened in Nanchang in 1929 and the Puzi Nursing Home opened in Shanghai in 1935. Among them, Shanghai Guangci Hospital has the largest scale, with 650 beds, and then it has been gradually expanded to about 950 beds. ^[2]

The missionary's medical career in China objectively introduced western medicine and western medicine, as well as modern hospital systems and medical education (including nursing education) into China. One of the students who followed the American teacher Brown to study in the United States in 1846, Huang Kuan went to Scotland after graduating from high school in the United States. He was admitted to the University of Edinburgh for seven years in Western medicine and returned to Guangzhou to practice medicine at Boji Hospital in 1857. Became the first generation of western medicine in China. Since 1862, Huang Kuan has participated in the teaching work of the hospital to train Chinese students to learn western medicine. From 1866, the hospital established Nanhua Medical School, which became the first church medical school to systematically train Western medicine. In 1899, the Presbyterian Church of Canada opened the Xia Ge Medical College in Guangzhou. After entering the twentieth century, major church universities in China have successively established medical schools, and most church hospitals have attached nursing schools. Most western medical personnel in China come from church medical schools. ^[2]

Examples of well-known hospitals

The ophthalmology clinic in Macau and the Pagoda Hospital in Guangzhou are the earliest hospitals established by missionaries in China. In February 1838, the Medical Missionary Society, a specialized organization dedicated to promoting medical missionary, was established in Guangzhou. It led to a large number of medical missionaries in China. These missionaries first established hospitals where they could establish a foothold. Or clinic.

After the Nanjing Treaty was signed in 1842, such clinics and hospitals were promoted to Hong Kong and Shanghai, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Ningbo and other southeast commercial ports. After 1860, with the signing of the "Tianjin Treaty" and "Beijing Treaty", missionaries obtained permission to operate in mainland China, and such clinics and hospitals were extended to the entire coast, along the river, and the vast mainland of China.

In 1850, there were at least 10 such places in China, 61 in 1889, and 330 in 1915. In 1937, there were 300 Anglo-American Church Hospitals and 600 small clinics. In 1949, there were more than 340 church hospitals in China.

Beijing Union Medical College Hospital

John Rockefeller was a world-renowned oil oligarch in the early twentieth century. The rich American is not only a businessman, but also a devout Christian. After he made his fortune, a Gao Shen beside him suggested that he put more energy into charity. Rockefeller finally decided to devote himself to this career of fame and fortune. He said, "I believe this is a religious figure who earns the money you can earn fairly and honestly, holds the money as much as possible, and gives as much as possible. Go out. "

Rockefeller sent three expeditions to China three times. After repeated discussions and weighing, they focused their attention on medicine, especially public health and medical education and research. In the end, the Rockefeller Foundation decided to establish a medical institution in Beijing. In 1915, they purchased the assets of the church-style Peking Union Medical College for $ 200,000 and renamed the school to Peking Union Medical College. The foundation also bought the properties of Prince Yu's Mansion near Lao Xiehe, and American designer Charles A. Coolidge built the Concord campus on the basis of the original building in Wangfu. In 1921, the Union Medical College officially held the opening ceremony. Xiehe Hospital is a hospital affiliated to Xiehe Medical College. It is currently one of the most famous hospitals in China. In a sense, Xiehe Hospital has become synonymous with the Chinese medical profession.

Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine

In 1844, the Christian London Church opened a church hospital in Shanghai, known as the "Chinese Hospital", which was the earliest western medical hospital in Shanghai.

The new building of Renji Hospital in the 1930s is a seven-story building with a steel-concrete frame structure, and the exterior wall is built with brown-faced bricks. The internal structure has begun to take the shape of a general hospital. There are clinics, pharmacies, and wards on the first and second floors, teaching classrooms and operating rooms on the third and fourth floors, and male doctors' dormitories, wards, and auxiliary rooms on the fifth and sixth floors.

The entire hospital is equipped with heating equipment, there are five operating rooms, and the hand washing switch is foot-operated. The interior of the building is exquisitely decorated. The doors are made of glued wood, the windows are made of steel, and the ward and dormitory floors are made of hardwood.

Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine

At the beginning of this century, the French Catholic Jiangnan Diocese decided to build a hospital in Shanghai in order to expand its influence. The church forcibly circled more than 160 acres of land on the Golden Concession Road (now Ruijin Second Road) in the French Concession, and began construction in 1904. First, four two-story houses were built, one for nuns, one for workers, and two for patients. The church commissioned the Benevolence Sisters to administer the hospital, most of whom were from France and had nursing experience.

On October 13, 1907, the hospital was inaugurated. In order to cater to the Chinese people, the hospital adopted the name "wide charity" and named it Guangci Hospital. The official name of the hospital was Santa Maria Hospital. Initially, outpatients were mainly administered by nuns, with only internal medicine and two doctors. In 1908, the hospital started construction of a ward building, two floors high, named "Shengwei Zengjue" building, as a ward for poor men. In 1910, another small ward was set up to receive "sick offenders" in the French Concession Detention Center. In 1914, Aurora University opened a medical department with Guangci Hospital as an internship hospital.

Tianjin Stomatological Hospital

In 1875, the London Missionary John. Kenneth. Mackenjie was sent by the church to preach in China. He first came to Hankou and worked as a doctor in a church hospital. On March 12, 1879, Magenzi was appointed to take over and preside over the affairs of Christian Christian Church.

During the Republic of China, the number of people living in the concession in Tianjin increased sharply, and the London Club planned to expand the hospital on Hai Avenue. In 1923, the donation of the parties and the refund of the British Gengzi, the expansion of the hospital finally began. The building was designed by Cook and Anderson of the Permanent Engineering Division. In recognition of Ma Genji's great contribution to Tianjin's western medicine career, the hospital was renamed Ma Dafu Memorial Hospital. After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Tianjin Health Bureau took over the hospital, saying it was the first temporary hospital, and returned to the London Society that year. After liberation, the hospital was taken over by the people's government. In 1953, it was renamed Tianjin Municipal People's Hospital. Now Tianjin Stomatological Hospital.

Shanghai First People's Hospital

Gongji Hospital is a Catholic-sponsored hospital. It was opened in 1864 and its location is on Colbel Road on the Bund of the French Concession. It is named "General Hospital". On January 1, 1953, it was officially renamed Shanghai First People's Hospital.

List of Chinese Church Hospitals

1. In 1835, Guangzhou Ophthalmology Medical Bureau was changed to Guangzhou Boji Hospital (now the Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University and the first Western Medical Hospital in China)

2. Shanghai Renji Hospital in 1844 (now Renji Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine)

3. Shanghai Tongren Hospital in 1866 (now Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine)

4. Suzhou Gongji Hospital in 1877 (now Shanghai First People's Hospital)

5. Suzhou Boxi Hospital in 1883 (the earliest X-ray machine hospital in China, now the First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University)

6. Jinan Republican Medical School in 1883 (now Qilu University School of Medicine, also known as Qilu University Medical Department)

7. Beijing Daoji Hospital in 1885 (now Beijing No. 6 Hospital)

8. In 1890, Jinan Huamei Hospital and Medical School (now the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University)

9, 1898, Guangzhou Huadi Psychiatric Hospital (China's first Western-style therapy psychiatric hospital, now Guangzhou Brain Hospital)

10. 1903 Medical College of Shanghai Aurora University (now Shanghai Second Medical College)

11. 1905 Chengdu West China Union Medical College (West China Medical Center, Sichuan University)

12, 1906, Union Medical College (Beijing Union Medical College, the predecessor of Union Medical College, co-founded by 5 churches, acquired in 1915 by the Rockefeller Foundation, the predecessor of the PLA 301 Hospital)

13. Chinese Red Cross Relief Center (Shanghai Huashan Hospital) organized by missionaries in 1907

14. Shanghai Santa Maria Hospital in 1907 (now Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine)

15, 1900 Puren Hospital (now Beijing Puren Hospital, Wuxi Puren Hospital)

16. 1913 Luzhou Gospel Hospital (now Chuannan Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College)

17, 1914 Xiangya Medical School (Xiangya Medical College of Central South University)

18, 1919 Shanxi Chuanzhi Medical School (now Shanxi Medical University)

19, 1926 Hong'en Hospital (now East China Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University)

20, 1928 Hankou Union Medical College (now Wuhan Union Medical College Hospital, Hankou Union Medical College Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology)