What Is Cyclophosphamide?
Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is a nitrogen mustard derivative that enters the body and is hydrolyzed by an excess of phosphatase or phosphatase existing in the liver or tumor to become an activated phosphoramid nitrogen mustard. The broad antitumor spectrum is the first so-called "latent" broad-spectrum antitumor drug, which is effective against both leukemia and solid tumors.
Basic Information
- Chinese name
- Cyclophosphamide
- Foreign name
- cyclophosphamide
- Chinese alias
- P- [N, N-bis (beta-chloroethyl)]
- Molecular formula
- C7H17Cl2N2O3P
- Molecular weight
- 279.1012
Cyclophosphamide indication
- 1. As an antitumor drug for malignant lymphoma, multiple myeloma, breast cancer, small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, Ewing sarcoma, soft tissue sarcoma, and acute leukemia and chronic lymphoma Cell leukemia, etc. It also has a certain effect on testicular tumors, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and osteosarcoma. At present, it is often combined with other anticancer drugs to form a combined chemotherapy regimen.
- 2. As an immunosuppressant for various autoimmune diseases such as severe rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, childhood nephrotic syndrome, multiple granulomatous, pemphigus and ulcerative colitis, idiopathic Thrombocytopenic purpura and so on. It is also used for anti-rejection during organ transplantation. It is usually used in combination with prednisone and anti-lymphocyte globulin.
- 3. This medicine eye drops can be used after pterygium surgery, corneal ulcer after corneal transplantation.
Clinical application of cyclophosphamide
- Oral: 50 to 100 mg / time, 2 to 3 times / day, a total of 10 to 15 g per course of treatment. Intravenous injection: 0.2 g / time, once a day or every other day; or 0.6 0.8 g / time, once a week, a total of 8-10 g per course of treatment.
Cyclophosphamide adverse reactions
- Bone marrow suppression (minimum value 1 to 2 weeks, generally maintained for 7 to 10 days, recovery 3 to 5 weeks), hair loss, gastrointestinal reactions, stomatitis, cystitis, pneumonia, excessive antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion have been reported in individual cases Wait. General doses have little effect on platelets and rarely cause anemia. In addition, cyclophosphamide kills sperm, but is reversible. Ultra-high doses (> 120mg / kg) can cause myocardial damage and renal toxicity.
Cyclophosphamide considerations
- This product can cause hemorrhagic cystitis. Drink plenty of water and antagonize with mesna if necessary.
- CTX should be used in large doses, and should be used with caution in patients with a history of gout, history of urinary stones, or impaired renal function.
Contraindications to cyclophosphamide
- Allergic to this product, pregnant and lactating women are prohibited. Patients with infection or impaired liver and kidney function are prohibited or used with caution.
Cyclophosphamide drug interactions
- 1. CTX can increase the serum uric acid level, which is equivalent to anti-gout drugs such as allopurinol, and the dose of anti-gout drugs should be adjusted; allopurinol can increase the bone marrow toxicity of CTX, as the toxicity effect should be closely observed.
- 2. Along with high-dose barbiturate or corticosteroids can increase acute toxicity.
- 3. With the use of doxorubicin can increase cardiotoxicity, the total dose of doxorubicin should not exceed 400mg / m.
- Note: The above content is only for introduction, the drug use must be carried out by a regular hospital under the guidance of a doctor.