What Is Glycopyrrolate?

Glycyrrhizic acid is the main active ingredient in licorice. Pure glycyrrhizic acid is a crystalline powder with a very sweet taste. The sweetness is 200 to 250 times that of sucrose, and the sweet taste lasts a long time. Melting point is 212 to 217 ° C. Soluble in hot water, insoluble in ether, hardly soluble in propylene glycol and ethanol. It is stable to heat, alkali and salt. At pH 54 and 3, the solution will precipitate. The oral LD50 of the mouse was greater than 10 g / kg. ^[1]

Chinese name: glycyrrhizic acid

Chinese alias:

CAS number: 1405-86-3

MDL number: MFCD00167400

EINECS number: 258-887-7

RTECS number: MD2025000

BRN number: 77922

PubChem number: ^[2]

1. Properties: White crystalline powder, with a sweetness of about 200 times that of sucrose. It is late, but stays sweet for a long time.

2. Melting point (ºC): 212-217

3. Boiling point (ºC, atmospheric pressure): 972

4. Flash point (ºC): 288

5. Solubility: difficult to dissolve in cold water, easily soluble in hot water, insoluble in oil, and its hot aqueous solution is viscous jelly after cooling. Soluble in propylene glycol.

6. Relative density (d204): 1.43 ^[2]

Acute toxicity: human oral TDLo: 280mg / kg / 4W; mouse oral LCLo: 3gm / kg; mouse abdominal LCLo: 2gm / kg; mouse intravenous LC:> 300mg / kg ^[2]

For water that is slightly hazardous, do not allow undiluted or large quantities of products to contact groundwater, waterways or sewage systems. Do not discharge materials into the surrounding environment without government permission. ^[2]

1. Molar refractive index: 201.36

2. Molar volume (cm3 / mol): 572.6

3. Isometric Zhang Rong (90.2K): 1677.5

4. Surface tension (dyne / cm): 73.6

5. Dielectric Constant: None available

6. Polarizability (10-24cm3): 79.82

7. Mass of single isotope: 822.403786 Da

8. Nominal mass: 822 Da

9. Average mass: 822.9321 Da ^[2]

1. Reference value for calculation of hydrophobic parameters (XlogP): 3.7

2. Number of hydrogen-bonded donors: 8

3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 16

4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 7

5. Number of tautomers: 5

6. Topological molecular polar surface area (TPSA): 267

7. Number of heavy atoms: 58

8. Surface charge: 0

9. Complexity: 1730

10. Number of isotope atoms: 0

11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 19

12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0

13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0

14. Number of stereochemical center of chemical bond: 0

15. Number of covalent bond units: 1 ^[2]

1. It will not decompose if used and stored in accordance with the specifications. There is no known dangerous reaction to avoid oxides.

2. Exist in tobacco leaves.

3. Licorice root and rhizome contain triterpenoids Glycyrrhizin, which is mainly potassium and calcium salts of glycyrrhizic acid, which is the sweet component of glycyrrhizin. After hydrolysis of glycyrrhizic acid, two molecules of glucuronic acid and one molecule of 18-Glycyrrhetic acid are produced. ^[2]

Food grade plastic bag jacket kraft paper bag packaging. Store in a cool, dry place. ^[2]

1. This product has a special sweetness. Its sweetness is about 250 times that of sugar. The sodium salt of glycyrrhizin extracted from licorice has a sweet taste even when diluted 4,000 times in water. But as a food sweetener, it is not suitable for some foods. Generally, it can be used in combination with natural sugars such as sugar, glucose, and dilute sugar, or properly mixed with saccharin, glycine, and propylene glycol to obtain a more delicious sweetness. Japan produced 240 tons of glycyrrhizic acid in 1978. Raw licorice was imported from China and Russia. In the highest year, 12,000 tons of licorice was imported. Of the total sales in 1978, 26% were used for medicine and cosmetics, and 70% were used for food. It is used for cigarettes and others accounting for 4%. The main uses in food are: 1. Soy sauce, in addition to improving the salty taste to enhance the inherent taste of soy sauce, can eliminate the bitter taste of saccharin, and has a synergistic effect on chemical flavoring agents. 2. The pickling method and saccharin are used to marinate pickles, so that the bitterness of saccharin can be eliminated. In the marinating process, the disadvantages of fermentation failure, discoloration and hardening caused by less sugar can be overcome. 3. Seasoning This product can be added with pickled seasoning liquid, seasoning powder or temporary seasoning during eating, which can increase the sweetness, get the salty taste of hostility, and the strange taste of other chemical seasonings. 4. Soy sauce pickled herring with soy sauce can increase the sweetness and make the taste even. In the process of licorice extraction, ammonium glycyrrhizinate is dissolved in an aqueous solution containing a lecture amount of sodium carbonate, and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain disodium glycyrrhizinate (C42H60Na3O16) and trisodium glycyrrhizinate (C42H59Na3O16). Also used as a food additive, as a sweetener for soy sauce and soy sauce. Intraperitoneal injection of LD50 in mice with disodium salt was 1.44 g / kg, and subcutaneous injection of LD50 in mice with trisodium salt was 1.54 g / kg.

2. Crush the dried licorice root and extract it by boiling with water three times. After filtering the combined extracts and concentrating to 1/5 of the original volume, add concentrated sulfuric acid under stirring until no more precipitates are formed, and let stand overnight. The brown precipitate was collected, washed with water, and ground to dryness below 60 ° C. The powder was extracted three times with acetone under reflux, and the impurities insoluble in acetone were filtered off. The acetone solution was cooled and added 20% potassium hydroxide solution to weak alkalinity. The precipitated crystal was tripotassium glycyrrhizinate. The acid in the aqueous solution could generate free glycyrrhiza acid.

3. Supercritical CO2 extraction method In the supercritical extraction state, CO2 is used as an extractant, and water-ethanol is used as a banding agent to extract glycyrrhizin from licorice root. The optimal extraction temperature is 40 ° C, the pressure is 35MPa, and the extraction system is The mass ratio to the material is 4 to 5, and the extraction time is 5h. CO2 in the extraction does not chemically react with the active ingredients of the extract, is non-toxic, non-polluting, non-carcinogenic, and has a low boiling point, which is convenient to remove from the product.

4. Extract from licorice root and dissolve in hot water. ^[2]

1. Can be used as sweetener, flavoring agent, flavor enhancer.

2. It is commonly used in our country for sauces, sauce products, pickled products, etc. Due to its various physiological activities, it has a significant effect on hair development and can be used as an additive for hair nutrition products and skin care products. Use in skin care products can enhance the effectiveness of other actives in sun protection, whitening, itching, conditioning, scar healing. ^[2]

Dangerous Transport Code: No

Dangerous Goods Sign: No

Safety signs:

Licorice as a commonly used Chinese medicine has been accepted and used by people. Its main ingredients are:

Identification: Take 0.2g of this product, add 5ml of water and 3ml of hydrochloric acid to distill, and add 2 to 3 drops of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine ethanol test solution to the distillate to produce an orange-red precipitate.

Inspection: Take 1.0g of this product after losing weight and dry it under vacuum at 80 for 8 hours. The weight loss should not exceed 6.0% (

Method name: Licorice Extract Powder-Determination of Glycyrrhizic Acid-Capillary Zone Electrophoresis

Application: This method uses capillary zone electrophoresis to determine the content of glycyrrhizic acid in licorice extract powder.

This method is applicable to traditional Chinese medicine preparation licorice extract powder.

Principle of the method: Quantitative analysis of glycyrrhizic acid in licorice extract powder by capillary zone electrophoresis with UV detection wavelength of 228 nm, voltage of 14 kV, and 50 mmol / L borax solution as background electrolyte and hydrochlorothiazide as internal standard. ^[3]

Glycyrrhizin

Borax

Glycyrrhizin monoammonium salt

3. Hydrochlorothiazide

Equipment: 1 instruments

1.1 Capillary electrophoresis instrument

1.2 capillary column: quartz capillary 65cm × 75m ID, effective length 50cm

1.3 UV detector

2 Capillary electrophoresis conditions

2.1 Buffer: 50mmol / L borax solution

2.2 Voltage: 14kV

2.3 Detection wavelength: 228nm

2.4 Gravity injection for 10s (height 7cm) ^[3]

Glycyrrhizic acid sample preparation

1. Preparation of reference solution

Weigh accurately 4.2 mg of glycyrrhizic acid monoammonium salt (corresponding to 13.9 mg of glycyrrhizic acid), place it in a 25ml measuring flask, make up to volume with a 50mmol / L borax solution, and sonicate for 20min as a reference solution.

2. Preparation of hydrochlorothiazide solution

Accurately weigh 0.2537g of hydrochlorothiazide, place it in a 250ml measuring flask, make up to volume with methanol, and shake to obtain.

3. Preparation of standard solution

1390 Accurately take the appropriate amount of reference solution, put in a 10ml volumetric flask, add 1.0ml of hydrochlorothiazide solution, and use a 50mmol / L borax solution (containing 10% methanol by volume) to make up to the mark. 0. 2780, 0. 5560, 1. 1190, 2.2380 g / L, as a series of concentration standard solutions for drawing a standard curve.

4. Preparation of test solution

Accurately weigh about 0.113g of licorice extract powder, put it into a 50ml measuring bottle, and add 5.0ml hydrochlorothiazine solution precisely, make up to the mark with a 50mmol / L borax solution (containing 10% methanol by volume), and sonicate for 30min. Filter to get.

Note: "Precision weighing" means that the weighed weight should be accurate to one thousandth of the weight taken. "Precision measurement" means that the accuracy of measuring the volume should meet the accuracy requirements of the volume pipette in national standards. ^[3]

Glycyrrhizic acid operation steps

1. Drawing of the standard curve

Take the above standard solution for 10s on a capillary electrophoresis instrument, record the electrophoresis map and inject 10 L into a high-performance liquid chromatograph, measure the absorbance of glycyrrhizic acid with a UV detector, draw a standard curve with the peak concentration of the standard solution, and perform linear regression. Get the regression equation.

2. Determination of test article

Take the above test solution and inject it on a capillary electrophoresis instrument for 10 s, and measure the absorbance of glycyrrhizic acid with a UV detector to calculate its content. ^[4]