What Is Intravenous Administration?

There are several routes of drug administration, oral, intravenous (intravenous), intramuscular (intramuscular), and subcutaneous (subcutaneous). The drug can also be sublingual (sublingual), rectal perfusion (rectal administration), eye drops, nasal spray, oral spray (inhalation), or topical (surface) or systemic (percutaneous) application on the skin.

Dosing

There are several routes of drug administration, oral, intravenous (intravenous), intramuscular (intramuscular), and subcutaneous (subcutaneous). The drug can also be sublingual (sublingual), rectal perfusion (rectal administration), eye drops, nasal spray, oral spray (inhalation), or topical (surface) or systemic (percutaneous) application on the skin.

Each route of administration has its own special purpose, each with its own advantages and disadvantages.

This article takes aminophylline as an example to illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of different routes of administration and their applications.

Apply theophylline (such as

Injectable (parenteral) administration includes subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous routes.

For subcutaneous injection, the injection needle is inserted subcutaneously. After the injection, the drug enters the small blood vessels and enters the systemic circulation with the blood flow. Subcutaneous injection is commonly used for the administration of protein drugs and insulin, which can be destroyed orally by the gastrointestinal tract. Subcutaneous injections of the drug can be made into suspensions or relatively poorly soluble mixtures, so that the absorption process can be maintained for hours, days, or even longer, and patients do not need to be administered often. Intramuscular injections are often used when administering larger volumes of drugs. Intramuscular injections should use longer needles because the muscles are deeper than the skin.

For intravenous injection, the needle is inserted directly into the vein. Of all the routes of administration outside the digestive tract, intravenous injection is the most difficult, especially for venipuncture in obese patients. Either a single dose of intravenous bolus or continuous intravenous drip is the best route for fast and accurate administration.

Some drugs can be placed under the tongue (sublingual administration) and can be absorbed by small blood vessels under the tongue. Sublingual administration is particularly good for nitroglycerin drugs, which can alleviate angina pectoris. They can quickly enter the systemic circulation without the first-pass effects of the intestinal wall and liver. However, this route cannot be used for most drugs, as incomplete absorption and irregularities often occur.