What Is Potassium Citrate?
Potassium citrate, also known as potassium citrate, tripotassium citrate. Potassium citrate is a citrate with a molecular formula of C6H5K3O7 and a molecular weight of 306.39500. It is a white, slightly hygroscopic crystalline powder. It is odorless, has the taste of physiological saline, is easily soluble in water, slowly soluble in glycerin, insoluble in alcohol, and tastes salty and cold. As a stabilizer and pH buffer. China stipulates that it can be used for all kinds of food, and it should be used in an appropriate amount according to production needs. Medically, it can be used to control uric acid or cystine from or from kidney stones for the prevention and treatment of hypokalemia and alkaline urine.
- Chinese name:
- GB601 Preparation of standard solutions for chemical reagent titration analysis (volume analysis)
- Preparation of GB602 chemical reagent standard solution for impurity determination
- GB603 chemical reagent test method is the preparation of the preparations and products used
- GB6284 General method for determination of moisture content in chemical products Gravimetric method
- GB6678 General sampling rules for chemical products
- GB6679 General rules for sampling solid chemical products
- GB6683 Analytical laboratory water specifications and test methods
- GB8450 Method for determination of arsenic in food additives
- GB8451 Limit test method for heavy metals in food additives [2]
- Food additive potassium citrate should meet the requirements of the following table:
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- The food additive potassium citrate should be inspected by the technical department of the production plant. The manufacturer shall ensure that all products manufactured by the factory meet the requirements of this standard, and each batch of products manufactured shall be accompanied by a quality certificate, which includes: manufacturer name, product name, batch number, date of manufacture, net weight, number of this standard, etc.
- The user unit has the right to inspect the quality of the products received according to the provisions of this standard, and whether the results meet the requirements of this standard.
- The weight of each batch does not exceed 2t.
- Sampling shall be carried out in accordance with Article 6.6 of GB 6678 and Article 2.3.1 of GB 6679. The total sample size shall not be less than 500g, and they shall be thoroughly mixed and stored in two neat, dry, and sealed containers, respectively, with a label indicating the name of the manufacturer, product name, batch number, and date. One is for inspection and one is for sample retention. The sample retention period is half a year.
- If any of the test results do not meet the requirements of this standard, samples shall be taken again from the double volume packaging for re-inspection. As a result of re-inspection, even if only one item does not meet the requirements of the standard, the whole batch of product is unqualified.
- When the supply and demand parties have objections to product quality, they shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of the Interim Measures for National Product Quality Arbitration and Inspection [2]
- Sign
- Packaging bags shall have firm and clear signs, and shall indicate the name of the manufacturer, site, product name, trademark, number of this standard, batch number, date of production, net weight and the words "food additives".
- package
- Food additive potassium citrate is lined with food-grade polyethylene film and double-layer kraft paper or double-layer food-grade polyethylene film bag for inner packaging and plastic woven bag for outer packaging. The net weight of each bag is 25kg, and the allowable error is ± 0.5%. It can also be packed according to user needs.
- Transportation and storage
- The package should be kept intact during transportation, waterproof and moisture-proof. It is strictly prohibited to be transported and mixed with toxic materials. It should be stored in a cool, dry and ventilated place.
- This product has a storage period of one and a half years from the date of manufacture under the storage and transportation conditions in accordance with this standard. [1]
- Potassium citrate is an oral supplement that can be used daily to alkalinize urine and dissolve calcium in the urine. It can theoretically reduce the risk of kidney stones. A recent study by Dr. Melanie A. McNally of Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland, found that kidney stones occur in about 6% of children on a ketogenic diet.
- The study sample included 313 children eligible for daily potassium citrate indications, who started on a ketogenic diet at Johns Hopkins Hospital between 2000 and 2008, and each child was followed up for at least one month. Children receiving high urinary calcium from a ketogenic diet between 2000 and 2005 received a dose of 2 mEq per kg per day. Since 2006, all children on a ketogenic diet have experienced the use of potassium citrate.
- Nephrolithiasis occurred in 4 (2.0%) of 198 children who received potassium citrate prevention and 11 (10.5%) of 105 children who did not use potassium citrate (P = 0.003). Since 2006, two children have refused to supplement potassium citrate; one of the two children had kidney stones. At the beginning of the ketogenic diet, the incidence of kidney stones was 0.9% (1/106) in children who received prophylactic potassium citrate, and 6.7% (13/13) in children who received potassium citrate because of high urine calcium 195).
- Although the urine of children receiving potassium citrate was more alkaline (mean pH value was 6.8 compared to 6.2; P = 0.002), the blood pH value of this group did not decrease. Potassium citrate is well tolerated without significant side effects.
- The study authors write that oral potassium citrate is an effective supplement for the prevention of kidney stones in children on a ketogenic diet. It can achieve the goal of alkalizing urine and deserves a comprehensive supplement.
- But the study lacked randomization.
- The study authors conclude that we recommend that when starting a ketogenic diet, education is about the importance of routine potassium citrate supplementation, and then emphasize its importance at each visit. More research will help confirm whether high-dose potassium citrate can be completely prevented or can be combined with other supplements, such as compound vitamins, to increase compliance [3]
- It is used as buffering agent, chelating agent, stabilizer, antioxidant, emulsifier, flavoring agent in food industry. Can be used in milk and dairy products, jelly, jam, meat, canned hydrogel snacks, cheese emulsification, citrus preservation, etc .; used in the pharmaceutical industry for hypokalemia and potassium deficiency, and alkaline urine. It can also be made into high-efficiency compound fertilizers, and can also be used in industries such as paper making and gold plating [2] .
- Drugs for preventing urinary stones
- Potassium citrate is the most commonly used drug to prevent stones. Studies have found that the pH and citrate in urine are closely related to the formation of urinary stones. In acidic urine (pH <5.5), the solubility of uric acid is extremely low, which can easily cause uric acid stones; in alkaline urine (pH> 7), calcium phosphate or phosphatase stones are easily formed. 63% of patients with urinary tract stones have lower than normal citric acid in urine, and potassium citrate can provide a large amount of citric acid to raise the pH in the urine. The resulting calcium stones have a very significant therapeutic effect. However, this will cause an increase in potassium ions and a decrease in ammonia ions in the urine. This is because potassium citrate not only supplements citric acid, but also potassium. Because potassium is metabolized quickly in the body, there is no change in potassium content in the blood, so it has little effect on the body. From the daily urine output, oxalic acid, phosphate, sodium, magnesium, sulfate, and uric acid in patients with uric acid stones, it was found that they were not affected by taking potassium citrate [3] .