What Is Subcutaneous Insulin?

Also called ordinary insulin; pancreatic hormone; insurin. Can promote blood glucose into liver cells, muscle cells, fat cells and other tissue cells to synthesize glycogen to reduce blood sugar, and promote the synthesis of fat and protein.

Ordinary insulin

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Also called ordinary insulin; pancreatic hormone; insurin. Can promote blood glucose into liver cells, muscle cells, fat cells and other tissue cells to synthesize glycogen to reduce blood sugar, and promote the synthesis of fat and protein.

Chinese name

Ordinary insulin

Foreign name

Insulin, RI, Insulyl, Insulin

Alias

Mainly used for diabetes, especially insulin-dependent diabetes: 1. severe, wasting, malnourished; 2. light and medium-sized patients who fail to be treated with diet and oral hypoglycemic drugs; 3. combined with severe metabolic disorders (such as ketoacidosis , Hypertonic coma or lactic acidosis), severe infections, wasting diseases (such as tuberculosis, liver cirrhosis) and progressive retinal, renal, neurological and other diseases, as well as acute myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident; Childbirth and major surgery. It can also be used to correct intracellular potassium deficiency.

It is usually injected subcutaneously, 3 to 4 times a day. Use the most before breakfast. It is followed by lunch, before dinner, and the least amount before supper. Sometimes intramuscularly. Intravenous injections are used only in emergencies such as diabetic coma. Because the patient's insulin requirements are affected by factors such as dietary calories and ingredients, severity and stability, weight gain, physical activity intensity, number and affinity of insulin antibodies and receptors, the dosage used should be individualized. The dose can be determined according to the patient's urine sugar. Generally, one unit is injected for every 2 to 4 g of sugar in the 24-hour urine. People with medium diabetes need about 5 to 40 units per day and inject 30 minutes before each meal (to avoid hypoglycemia after administration). The dosage for heavier patients is above 40 units. For diabetic coma, the dosage is about 100 units, intravenously with glucose (50 ~ 100g). In addition, a small amount (5 to 10 units) can still be used for malnutrition, weight loss, vomiting in refractory pregnancy, and early cirrhosis (simultaneous injection of glucose).

This product is a hypoglycemic drug. The main effect of insulin is to lower blood sugar, and affect protein and fat metabolism at the same time, including the following aspects: 1. inhibit liver glycogen breakdown and glycogen gluconeogenesis, reduce liver output glucose; 2. promote liver uptake of glucose and liver Glycogen synthesis; 3. Promote the uptake of glucose and amino acids by muscle and adipose tissue, promote the synthesis and storage of protein and fat; 4. Promote the production of very low-density lipoprotein and activate lipoprotein lipase, promote the Decomposition; 5. Inhibit the decomposition of fat and fat and protein in muscle, inhibit the generation of ketone bodies and promote the utilization of ketone bodies by surrounding tissues.

1. Insulin excess can make blood sugar too low. Symptoms depend on the degree and speed of blood glucose reduction. Hunger, anxiety, increased pulse, dilated pupils, anxiety, dizziness, ataxia, tremor, coma, and even convulsions can occur. Edible sugar must be given in a timely manner. When hypoglycemia occurs, 50 ml of a 50% glucose solution is injected intravenously. If necessary, intravenously drip 5% glucose solution. Note that hypoglycemic coma must be distinguished from severe ketolipidemia. Sometimes rebound hyperglycemia occurs after hypoglycemia, the somogyi response. If urine glucose is negative before bedtime, and urine glucose is positive in the next morning, refer to the dosage of insulin. It should be considered that there may be hypoglycemia at night. At this time, you should try to reduce the insulin dose, and do not increase the insulin dose. 2. In order to prevent a sudden drop in blood sugar and a loss of consciousness when it is too late to call for help, each patient should keep a card with his illness and insulin usage, so that he can be rescued in time. 3. The injection site may have local reactions such as skin redness, subcutaneous nodules and subcutaneous fat atrophy. Therefore, the injection site needs to be changed frequently. 4. A few may occur urticaria, etc., occasionally anaphylactic shock (adrenaline can be used to rescue). 5. Very few patients can develop insulin resistance: that is, in the absence of ketoacidosis, the daily dosage of insulin is more than 200 units. The main reason may be infection, the use of corticosteroids, or the presence of insulin antibodies in the body, which can bind to insulin. At this time, you can change the preparation of different animal species or take oral hypoglycemic drugs. 6. Patients with hypoglycemia, cirrhosis, hemolytic jaundice, pancreatitis, nephritis, etc. should not be used. 7. Injections often contain preservatives, which are generally not suitable for intravenous injection. Intravenous injections should be used in ampoule insulin preparations.

1. Hypoglycemia response. Generally due to the relatively large amount of insulin. In order to avoid hypoglycemia in the course of using insulin, it must be used from a small dose, closely monitor blood glucose, and gradually adjust the amount of insulin, so that the amount of insulin can gradually reach a level that can satisfactorily control blood sugar without causing hypoglycemia The right dose.

Such patients should carry food such as sweets, biscuits, etc., so that they can treat themselves in time when a hypoglycemic reaction occurs.

2. Weight gain. This is also a common side effect of insulin. Insulin can promote the synthesis of protein and fat in the body. If the diabetic patient does not take diet control after taking insulin treatment, and consumes too much calories, it will gradually increase the weight.

Therefore, patients with diabetes who are undergoing insulin treatment still need to control their diet and avoid gradual weight gain. Therefore, the amount of insulin should be gradually increased to form a vicious circle.

3. Refractive error. It occurs mainly in the early stages of insulin use in diabetic patients with high blood glucose levels before insulin use. This side effect is temporary, with

Injection: 400 units (10ml), 800 units (10ml) per bottle. Needle (powder): 50u, 100u, 400u.