What Is the Treatment for Renal Tumors?

About 95% of kidney tumors are malignant and benign are rare. Malignant renal tumors can be divided into two types according to the age of onset and the characteristics of pathological anatomy: Kidney tumors of young children: mostly called renal embryo tumors, most of which occur before 3 years of age. According to statistics, this kidney tumor accounts for 20% of malignant tumors in young children. Renal tumors in adults: They are more common than 40 years of age, and more men than women. Cancers that occur in the renal parenchyma are called renal parenchymal carcinomas, and tumors that occur in the renal pelvis are called renal pelvic carcinomas.

Basic Information

English name

tumorofkidney

Visiting department

Oncology

Common locations

kidney

Common symptoms

Fever, anemia, hypertension, etc.

Contagious

no

Renal tumor clinical manifestations

Hematuria can occur when the tumor involves the renal pelvis. Hematogenous or lymphatic metastasis can occur before urinary tract symptoms have occurred. Tumors can involve lymph, lung, liver, and bones. Hematuria, intra-abdominal mass and back pain are the three main symptoms of the disease. In adults, hematuria is a relatively early and common symptom. Hematuria is mostly whole hematuria visible to the naked eye; some hematuria can only be seen under a microscope. Patients generally do not pain during hematuria. Hematuria is intermittent and often stops on its own. Therefore, when an adult has painless hematuria, it is necessary to pay attention to the possibility of renal tumors, and it should be closely observed and further checked if necessary. Abdominal masses appear later in adult kidney tumors, but they are the first symptom of early childhood renal embryo tumors, so young children with early childhood tumors need to be diagnosed early.

Kidney tumor diagnosis

Benign tumor

Note the presence or absence of hematuria, parallel B-mode or CT.

2. Renal cancer (also known as renal cell carcinoma, renal clear cell carcinoma)

Pay attention to the age of onset and the following manifestations: intermittent painless hematuria, dull pain in the kidney area, and systemic symptoms can occur, including low fever, anemia, increased red blood cell count, hypertension, and hypercalcemia. Pain in the kidney area, kidney enlargement, symptomatic varicocele and abdominal mass.

3. Renal pelvis cancer

Note the age of onset and the presence of the following clinical manifestations: gross hematuria, renal colic, and hydronephrosis appear early. Intravenous urography: Irregular filling defect of the renal pelvis, hydronephrosis of the renal pelvis, pelvis, and ureteral implanted cancer. If necessary, renal angiography is performed to help diagnosis. Cystoscopy: blood is sprayed from the ureter, or see implanted cancer. Cancer cells can be found in urine. B-ultrasound and CT examination.

4. Wilms tumor (embryoma)

Pay attention to the age of onset (mostly in young children, occasionally in young and middle-aged people) and the following manifestations: The first symptom is abdominal mass. Anemia, low fever and hypertension are common, but hematuria is rare. The urography does not show or show the deformation and displacement of the renal pelvis and calves, the renal shadow increases, the calcification shadow can be seen in the tumor area, and the ureter can be pushed to the midline by the tumor. A radionuclide kidney scan showed that the kidney had radioactive defects and sparseness. There may be early metastases in the lungs and bones. Ultrasound, CT or MRI examination.

Renal tumor treatment

Hamartoma

Less than 4cm can be left untreated. Larger hamartomas are feasible for enucleation or partial nephrectomy. For larger tumors, damaged kidney structures, and loss of function, nephrectomy can be considered.

2. Various types of renal malignancies

Radical nephrectomy should be performed early after diagnosis, including adipose tissue around the kidney, para-aortic lymph nodes, most ureters and surrounding tissues, and affected adrenal glands; if the renal vein tumor thrombus has extended to the vena cava, They are removed together and then the vena cava is repaired.

3. Renal pelvis cancer

In addition to radical nephrectomy, all ureters and the bladder wall around the ureteral orifice should be removed at the same time.

4. Wilms tumor

If the tumor is too large, radiation treatment can be performed before surgery, and radical nephrectomy should be performed after the tumor is reduced. Radiotherapy is less effective for renal pelvis and renal cell carcinoma.

5. Chemotherapy

It should be routinely applied to nephroblastoma, and can be applied to renal pelvis and renal cell carcinoma as appropriate. Mitomycin and fluorouracil can be used. Patients with renal cancer can choose as appropriate. Biological treatments such as interferon gamma, interleukin 2 and so on.

6. Bilateral or isolated kidney and kidney cancer

Partial nephrectomy can be performed with isolated kidney technology in patients with localized lesions.

7. Renal artery embolization

When the diagnosis of renal tumors requires resection, renal arterial embolization can be performed at the same time as selective renal angiography to reduce intraoperative bleeding and tumor cell metastasis.

8. Palliative treatment

When the tumor involves a wide range and adjacent organs have been affected and cannot be removed, palliative renal artery embolization can be performed, supplemented with radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

9. Follow-up inspection

Renal tumor surgery requires regular follow-up examinations (three to six months) of chest radiographs, B-ultrasound, and whole body bone scan (SPECT) to detect recurrence and metastasis of the renal pedicle.