What Is a Short Bone?

Short bones are mostly distributed in groups in areas that are more complex to bear weight, such as wrists and ankles. Short bones are generally cube-shaped, have multiple articular surfaces, and form multiple bone connections with adjacent bones.

Short bones are mostly distributed in groups in areas that are more complex to bear weight, such as wrists and ankles. Short bones are generally cube-shaped, have multiple articular surfaces, and form multiple bone connections with adjacent bones.

Chinese name

Short bone

Foreign name

short bone

Department

orthopedics

Short bone review

Broadly refers to the small bones in the body, such as the wrist, sacrum, etc. It is generally cubic in shape. Except for the surface layer of dense bone, the interior is all cancellous bone, which can support negative pressure and play a supporting role. Short bones often exist in clusters in areas that are under high pressure and have complex movements, and are firmly connected to each other. Such as cheekbones and wrist bones. This kind of small and light and hard (some as thin as beans), has the effect of micro-movement.

Short bone local anatomy

There are 8 carpal bones arranged in two rows of 4 each. The proximal column is from the thumb side to scaphoid bone, lunate bone, traquetral bone, and pisiform bone. From the thumb side, the distal column is composed of trapezium bone, trapezoid bone, capitate bone and hamate bone.

The eight carpal bones are not arranged on a plane, and the medial and lateral edges protrude forward, forming a carpal groove.

When a person falls to the ground with the palm of an outreach stand, the scaphoid fracture can occur because the scaphoid directly faces the radius.

It consists of 8 small bones, arranged in two rows. The proximal row from the radial side to the ulnar side is the scaphoid bone, lunar bone, triangular bone, and pea bone. All but the pea bone participate in the formation of the radial wrist joint. The distal row from the radial side to the ulnar side consists of most angular bones, small polygonal bones, skull bones, and hook bones, all of which are involved in the formation of the carpal and palm joints. All carpal bones are not arranged on a coronal plane, but constitute a longitudinal shallow groove that is depressed on the side of the palm, that is, the carpal groove. The ulnar and radial sides of the sulcus each have a bulge, the carpal ulna and the carpal radial bulges. The former consists of pea bones and hooks, and the latter consists of scaphoid nodules and most angular nodules. The transverse carpal ligament straddles the ulnar and radial bulges of the carpal sulcus to form the carpal tunnel. Nine long flexor tendons and the median nerve pass through.

There are 7 metatarsal bones, namely cal-caneus, talus, navicular bone, cuboid bone and 3 cuneiform bones. They account for about the last 1/3 of the foot.

The most prominent talus near the side of the sacrum. The talus body has trochlea joint surfaces on the upper and both sides of the talus body and joints under the calf bone to form an ankle joint. Below the talus there are also articular surfaces related to the calcaneus. The front of the talus is the relevant section of the talar head and the scaphoid.

The calcaneus below the talus is the largest sacrum. It protrudes backward to form a calcanean tubercle; its front end is related to the sacrum; its upper medial side has a flat protrusion as the sus-tentaculum tali. .

The scaphoid is located in front of the talus. The sacrum is located in front of and outside of the calcaneus. The wedge bone is divided into a medial wedge bone, a medial wedge bone, and a lateral wedge bone. They are located in front of the scaphoid bone and inside the cuboid bone.

Short bone imaging anatomy

1. Short bone 1. Lateral metatarsal

(1) talus: the highest position, the block is a round bulge upwards. The lower end of the tibia and fibula forms the ankle joint. Below the car is the talus body, the front of the body is slightly thinner than the neck, and then the front is slightly swollen into the talar head. The articular surface below the talar body and the articular surface of the calcaneus constitute the posterior talar joint. The articular surface in front of the talar head and the back of the scaphoid of the foot form the talokine joint, and the articular surface below the talar head corresponds to the articular surface above the calcaneal talar process. In addition, the posterior inferior corner of the talar body is pointed and is called a posterior talar nodule. From the talar body, there is also a large triangular osseous shadow that is the lateral talar process. This process crosses the posterior talar joint space and overlaps the tip with the calcaneal shadow.

(2) The calcaneus: located below the talus, is the largest piece of the sacrum. There are two front and back articular surfaces above the calcaneus, which respectively form the anterior and posterior talar joints with the talus. The front of the calcaneus forms a calcaneal joint with the sacrum. There is an upward protrusion at the anterior upper end of the calcaneus as the calcaneus protrusion, which overlaps with the talar head part upward. The sacral sinus is the area behind the calcaneus anterior process, anterior to the talar joint and below the talar neck. There is a horizontal bone shadow in the sacral sinus or the lower edge of the flat sinus as the distance bearing process. The upper part is flat and corresponds to the anterior talar joint corresponding to the lower part of the talar neck. Because it overlaps with other structures, it is often not fully developed, and the lower end of the calcaneus is dense and rough, which is a nodule.

(3) The scaphoid of the foot: It is rectangular between the talus and the three wedges. The front and three wedges form a joint, and the back and the talus head form a joint. The scaphoid tuberosity is protruded from the posterior surface of the scaphoid, which almost overlaps the talus head shadow.

(4) Dice bone: It is triangular on the lateral film, located between the calcaneus and the bottom of the 4th and 5th metatarsals, below the scaphoid and wedge bones. The tip under the sicral bone is the swollen tuberosity. The back of the cuboid bone forms a joint with the calcaneus, and the front with the base of the 4th and 5th metatarsals forms a joint.

(5) Wedge bone: The medial wedge bone is located between the scaphoid of the foot and the base of the first metatarsal bone. It is a quadrangle on the lateral film and participates in the formation of the upper edge of the dorsal foot. The joint space formed by its front edge and the base of the first metatarsal bone is the most advanced among the joint spaces of the same type, and the gap is the longest. The middle wedge bone lies between the scaphoid of the foot and the base of the second metatarsal bone. The lateral wedge bone is above the sacrum, between the base of the 3rd metatarsal bone and the scaphoid, and the front and the base of the 3rd metatarsal bone form a joint.

2. Short bone 2. Metatarsal position

(1) Talus: most of the calcaneus does not overlap with the calcaneus. Only the talar head has a visible contour and forms a joint corresponding to the scaphoid.

(2) The calcaneus: most of the talus overlaps with the talus and is not visualized. Only the front end of the calcaneus is visible, and the joint corresponds to the sacrum.

(3) Foot scaphoid: It is located in front of the talus head and has a horizontal quadrangle. The front corresponds to the three wedge bones to form a joint, and the outer side corresponds to or partially overlaps the sacrum. The medial end is protruded and free, which is the scaphoid tuberosity.

(4) Dice bone: square, between the calcaneus and the bottom of the 4th and 5th metatarsals, the medial edge overlaps with the scaphoid and the 3rd wedge.

(5) Medial wedge, medial wedge, lateral wedge: between the scaphoid of the foot and the bases of the 1, 2, and 3 metatarsals, where the medial wedge and medial wedge are often obvious, and the lateral wedge and the dice Bone overlap is difficult to identify.