What Is the Function of the Fallopian Tubes?

Anatomical name. It is a pair of slender and curved muscular ducts for women. It is 10-12cm long and 5mm in diameter. It is located on both sides of the uterine floor and wrapped in the upper edge of the uterine broad ligament. It stretches from the two horns of the uterus to the left and right ovaries, which are the channels that transport egg cells into the uterus.

Anatomical name. It is a pair of slender and curved muscular ducts for women. It is 10-12cm long and 5mm in diameter. It is located on both sides of the uterine floor and wrapped in the upper edge of the uterine broad ligament. It stretches from the two horns of the uterus to the left and right ovaries, which are the channels that transport egg cells into the uterus.

Chinese name

oviduct

Foreign name

oviduct, uterine tube

Location

Upper edge of broad ligament

Length

8-15cm

Function

Egg delivery, fertilization

Fallopian tube morphology:

Each fallopian tube is divided into four parts: interstitial, isthmus, ampulla and funnel. The interstitial part is contained in the muscles of the uterus, and the lumen begins to deviate approximately upward and outward. The length of the minister is 0.8-2cm, and the diameter of the lumen is 0.5-1.0mm. The isthmus is the posterior fallopian tube, narrow and straight, and muscular. It passes through the mouth of the uterus and is called the fallopian tube uterus. That is, the diameter of the lumen close to the narrow part of the uterus is 2 ~ 3mm. Then it gradually expands to the wider outer part, that is, the ampulla; the diameter of the ampulla is 5 to 8mm, which is the thin part of the front of the fallopian tube connecting the funnel; Umbrella with a fallopian celiac opening deep in the funnel.

Except for the interstitial part, the rest of the fallopian tube is covered by the peritoneum. This part of the peritoneum is connected to the upper edge of the broad ligament. Except for the place where the fallopian tube is attached, it is completely surrounded by the peritoneum. Its protruding part (ie, ovarian umbrella) is much longer than the other parts; it forms a shallow groove that approaches or reaches the ovary.

The muscle tissue of the fallopian tube is generally divided into two layers, namely the inner layer of the ring and the outer layer of the longitudinal direction. On the distal side of the tube, the above two layers become less clear and are replaced at the umbrella end by a mesh of muscle fiber interweaves. The muscle tissue of the fallopian tubes often contract rhythmically, and the contraction rate changes with the menstrual cycle. The largest contraction rate and intensity occur during egg transfer, and are the weakest and slowest during pregnancy; the fallopian tube is covered with mucosa, and its epithelium is composed of a single layer of columnar cells. Since the lumen has no submucosa, the mucosa layer is in direct contact with the muscular layer; the mucosa is arranged in a longitudinal fold, which becomes more complicated at the umbrella end. Therefore, the appearance of each segment of the lumen is different. The cross section of the fallopian tube uterus shows 4 simple folds, forming a pattern similar to the Maltese cross (ten); the folds of the tube gorge are more complicated; in the ampulla, its cavity is almost completely tree-shaped showing the fallopian tube lumen Segments of different sizes, longitudinal folds, and the relationship of the fallopian tubes to the fallopian mesangium, uterine horn, and ovary are occupied by the mucosa. The direction of flow of the fallopian tube cilia is directed to the uterus, and its peristalsis is an important factor in transporting eggs.

Fallopian tube tissue structure:

In terms of tissue structure, it has abundant elastic tissue, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. The tissue changes of the fallopian tube mucosa during the menstrual cycle are similar to the endometrium, but not as significant as the endometrium. In the follicular phase, the epithelial cells are longer, the ciliated ones are wider, and the nucleus is closer to the edge; the non-ciliated ones are narrower, and the nucleus is closer to the base; the luteal phase, the secretory cells are larger, higher than the ciliated cells, and squeeze out their nuclei; The above changes are even more prominent. After menopause, its mucosal properties. Epithelial cells are short and grow rapidly. The reason for the change is the result of changes in the ratio of sex hormones-estrogen and progesterone secreted by the ovaries.

Fallopian tube infertility:

(I) Introduction:

Fallopian tube infertility refers to infertility caused by tubal obstruction, adhesion or stasis due to pelvic inflammation, endometriosis, mycoplasma infection, or congenital anatomic abnormalities. Proximal obstruction accounts for about 10% to 25%. %.

(B) Treatment:

Hysteroscopy can directly observe the presence of occupying lesions, endometrial conditions, and fallopian tube openings in the uterine cavity, and treat uterine lesions. With the continuous development and perfection of hysteroscopy, hysteroscopic fallopian tube intubation for the treatment of proximal tubal obstruction has been proven to be a relatively simple, safe, economic and effective method in the treatment of tubal infertility Played an increasingly important role.