What Is the Inferior Orbital Fissure?

The orbit is a quadrilateral cone-shaped bone cavity that houses tissues such as the eyeball, one on each side and symmetrical to each other. Adult orbital is about 4--5cm deep. Except for the orbital wall, which is relatively solid, the other three walls are thin. The upper wall and anterior cranial fossa, frontal sinus; the lower wall and maxillary sinus; the inner wall is adjacent to the ethmoid sinus and nasal cavity, and the rear is adjacent to the sphenoid sinus.

[yn kuàng]

The orbit is a quadrilateral cone-shaped bone cavity that houses tissues such as the eyeball, one on each side and symmetrical to each other. Adult orbital is about 4--5cm deep. Except for the orbital wall, which is relatively solid, the other three walls are thin. The upper wall and anterior cranial fossa, frontal sinus; the lower wall and maxillary sinus; the inner wall is adjacent to the ethmoid sinus and nasal cavity, and the rear is adjacent to the sphenoid sinus.

Chinese name

Eye socket

Foreign name

orbit; eye socket

Pinyin

ynkuàng

Definition

The edges around the eyes

Word: Orbit

Pinyin: ynkuàng

English / Interpretation:

1. [orbit; eye socket]: the edges around the eyes

Example: tears in the eyes

2. [rim of the eye]: the area around the eye

Example: he rubbed his eyes

3. Also called "orbital child"

4. [Tear; Eyedrop]: Normal

Clinically, orbital lesions may damage the eyeballs and optic nerves, and may also cause paranasal sinus and intracranial lesions. Similarly, the sinus and intracranial lesions can also spread to the orbital tissue.

Orbital contents include eyeballs, optic nerves, extraocular muscles, lacrimal glands, fats, blood vessels, and nerves.

There are many holes, cracks, gaps, and sockets on the orbital wall. The following are important: (Figure 1-32)

1. Optic nerve hole: It is located in the orbital apex, which is the intraorbital opening of the optic nerve tube. It is a vertical ellipse with a diameter of about 6 to 6.5 x 4.5 to 5 mm. The optic canal is formed by two winglets of the sphenoid bone, about 6-8mm long. The optic nerve thus enters the middle cranial fossa, and the eye artery enters the orbit through this tube from the intracranial.

2. Supraorbital fissure; located on the outer side of the optic foramen, at the boundary between the outer orbital wall and the superior orbital wall, communicating with the middle cranial fossa. The oculomotor nerve, the pulley nerve, the abductor nerve, the first branch of the trigeminal nerve (ophthalmic nerve), the ophthalmic vein, and the sympathetic nerve fibers pass through this crack. Injury here results in supraorbital fissure syndrome.

3. Suborbital fissure: Between the outer orbital wall and the infraorbital wall, there are suborbital nerves, the second branch of the trigeminal nerve, the infraorbital artery and the anastomotic branch of the infraorbital vein and the pterygopalatine vein plexus.

4. Supraorbital notch (or hole): It can be reached at the junction of the outer 2/3 and inner 1/3 of the upper orbital margin. The supraorbital nerve and superior orbital vein pass.

5. Infraorbital foramen: In the middle of the infraorbital margin, 4 to 8 mm below the margin, there are infraorbital nerves and infraorbital arteries.

6. Orbital fossa:

There is a lacrimal fossa at the outer upper corner of the eye socket, which houses the lacrimal glands.

In the upper corner of the eye socket there is a block of tackle, where there is a block for the upper oblique muscle to pass.

There is a dacryocyst fossa in front of the inner wall of the orbit, which is located in the fossa. The anterior lacrimal fossa is the anterior lacrimal condyle, the posterior margin is the posterior lacrimal condyle, and the underlying nasolacrimal duct. Important anatomical landmarks for lacrimal sac surgery. ^[1]

Born

Orbital diseases can be broadly divided into inflammation, tumors, trauma, congenital diseases, metabolic and endocrine diseases, and parasitic diseases. There are two main types of orbital wall lesions and orbital content lesions. The signs of orbital lesions are complicated due to the nature and location of the lesions. Exophthalmos is one of the important signs of orbital disease. To diagnose orbital diseases, a detailed history and systematic eye examination should be done first. Generally speaking, the diagnosis of orbital inflammatory, traumatic, and circulatory disorders is relatively easy and no special examination is required. However, if an intraorbital mass lesion is suspected, in addition to conventional examinations, various special examination techniques such as X-rays, orbital angiography, internal carotid angiography, ultrasound, and computerized tomography ( CT) magnetic resonance imaging, etc., to further determine the location, size and nature of the occupying lesion, and if necessary, directly take biopsies for pathological examination to obtain the final diagnosis. Treatment of orbital diseases depends on the nature of the lesion. Inflammatory diseases are mainly treated with antibiotics or corticosteroids. Orbital trauma in the early stage is mainly to control bleeding, prevent infection, remove foreign bodies or dead bone slices, etc .; if deformities are encountered in the later stage, orthopedic surgery can be performed. The treatment of orbital tumors varies according to their nature. Benign tumors are only removed for tumors. Malignant tumors need to be removed more extensively. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy can be performed after surgery as appropriate. In addition to the symptomatic treatment of the eye, diseases caused by the spread of systemic diseases or adjacent tissues to the orbits should focus on the active treatment of the primary disease. In short, the treatment of orbital diseases should be flexibly given the appropriate treatment according to the specific situation to obtain satisfactory results.