What Is the Occipitofrontalis?

The occipitofrontalis muscle, also known as the parietal cranialis muscle, is a muscle covering the skull. It consists of a pair of occipital and frontal muscles and a cap-shaped aponeurosis.

Chinese name: Occipitofrontalis

Department: Anatomy

Occipitofrontalis muscle anatomy

There are two places at the beginning:

Occipital muscle, starting from the outer side of the upper line and the mastoid. The frontalis muscle, which starts from the craniofacial aponeurosis near the frontal suture, is the occipital skin, forehead skin, and cap-shaped aponeurosis. In some data, the occipitofrontalis muscle is two independent muscles: the occipital muscle and the frontalis muscle. However, the anatomical term (Terminologia Anatomica) now refers to the occipital frontalis as a single muscle. The occipitofrontalis muscle can raise the eyebrows (one of the expression muscles), and can also move the scalp back and forth. It is generally believed that the ear can be moved because of the occipital frontalis muscle.

Occipitofrontalis muscle anatomy

1. Starting point: The occipital muscle starts from the occipital bone, and the frontal muscle starts from the cap fascia.

2. Stop: The occipital muscle stops at the cap fascia, and the frontal muscle stops at the frontal skin.

3. Trigger point position: Forehead: inside of eyebrow; Pillow: above upper line, about 4cm from midline.

4. Involved pain: Radiation from the orbit along the muscle to the ipsilateral skull.

Occipitofrontalis muscle anatomy

Divided into expression muscles, chewing muscles. Facial muscles: orbicularis, frontalis, frowning muscles, interocular muscles, nose muscles (transverse, wing), orbicularis oris, upper lip square muscles (inner buns, infraorbitals, buns), Lower lip square muscle, diaphragm, deltoid, canine fangs, smile, cheek, diaphragm. Masticatory muscles: temporal muscles, masseter muscles. There is a cap-shaped aponeurosis on the top of the head, anterior frontalis muscle, and posterior occipital muscle.

Occipital frontalis muscle clinical application examples

Frontal Muscle Flap Suspension of Frontal Muscle Flap

Indications

1. The levator levator function is poor or completely lost, but the frontal muscle function is normal.

2. The ptosis is corrected by other surgical methods.

Preoperative preparation

1. Antibiotic eye drops dripping into the eye.

2. For those with unilateral upper eyelid drooping, mark the skin incision with gentian purple according to the height of the heavy eyelid line. For those with bilateral upper eyelid drooping, the skin incision is designed according to the height of the normal heavy eyelid line.

anesthesia

Conjunctival sac surface anesthesia, local subcutaneous and periosteum infiltration anesthesia.

[Position]

Supine position.

[Surgery steps]

A 5-0 silk thread is used as the upper eyelid traction line. The eyelid pad is placed on the upper conjunctival sac. The skin is cut at the eyelid skin marking line, and the eyebrow arch is separated between the eyelid skin and the orbicularis oris muscle, and then continues on the frontal muscle surface. It is separated from the subcutaneous tissue to 1.5cm above the eyebrow, forming a tunnel with a width of 2 to 2.5cm, and then at the center of the upper eyelid below the upper edge of the orbit, the frontal muscle and orbicularis muscle are intersected and the muscle layer is cut transversely to 1.5cm. Close to the periosteum and cross the upper edge of the orbit, the frontal bone is separated, and the range is the same as the subcutaneous separation. Cut the frontal muscle and its fascia on the inside and outside of the free edge of the frontal muscle, and create the frontal muscle flap and pull it downward. The orbicularis muscle is separated from the meibomian surface and pushed to the edge of the eyelid. The center of the plate is horizontally made with 3 needle meibomian fixed sutures. According to the pre-designed blepharoplasty height, the frontalis muscle flap is fixed on the tarsal plate and the excess is cut off. 5-0 silk sutures were used to fix the sutures on the skin and the skin incision was closed. Under the local anesthesia, the lower eyelid traction suture is pulled, the lower eyelid is pulled upward to protect the cornea, and the suture is fixed to the forehead skin with adhesive tape.

[Postoperative treatment]

1. Pressurize and bandage for 3 days, then change the medicine every day and remove the pull line. Remove skin sutures for 7 days.

2. Systemic application of antibiotics.

3. People with incomplete eyelid closure should use antibiotic eye ointment to prevent exposed keratitis.