What are nucleosomes?
nucleosomes are DNA particles that are responsible for compaction and transcription, and can also carry hereditary information. Each nucleosome has a diameter of approximately 10 nm and consists of bottom springs wrapped in a spiral manner around the nucleus of a simple protein called histon. Nucleosomes are located in the nucleus of the cells and when they are attached to the bottom, they form one of the seven forms of chromatin. While in this form, DNA passes through active transcription, the process that the DNA is converted to RNA. DNA is not converted directly into proteins to prevent mistakes and contamination.
The nucleosome structure is concentrated around histone protein. Histon is a simple protein with high amino acid concentrations, which are the basic building blocks of genes. Each Histon core contains pairs of each of the four types of Histon Proteins, which forms a histone octomer. Around the Histonian octomer wrapping 146 pairs of DNA bases in their superhelical form, together they form nucleosome.
nucleosomes are the "pack" of the DNA in the core of the cell and the signature structure determines the availability of DNA. The chemicals responsible for transcription cannot be connected to chromatin if it is in the path of nucleosome, so transcription proteins must first completely eliminate nucleosome or move it along the DNA molecule until Chromatin is exposed. Once this part of the DNA is rewritten to RNA, the nucleosomes are returned to their original location.
If it was stretched into a line, the bottom in each mammal core would measure approximately two meters long, but the nucleus of the mammal cell is only 10 micrometers. It is a complicated folding action of nucleosomenechte DNA to fit into the core. The appearance of "beads-on-a-string" comes from the bottom of "Linker", which combines every nucleosome to form a fiber with a diameter of about 10 nm in diameter. In the presence of H1 H1, recurring nucleosome chains can create chains of 30 Nm diameter with a much denser package ratio. The presence of H1 in the nucleosome nucleus leads to higher pack efficiencyOutline, because neighboring proteins respond to the start of sequences of folding and loops that allow in such a small package to contain so much information. Even today, the precise mechanism of packaging initiated nucleosomes is not fully clarified.