What is a high -temperature superconductor?
High temperature superconductor (HTS) is a material that demonstrates superconducting electrical properties above the temperature of the liquid condition. This temperature range from about -452 ° to -454 ° Fahrenheit (-269 ° to -270 ° Celsius) was considered a theoretical limit of superconductivity. In 1986, however, American scientists Karl Muller and Johannes Betnorz discovered a group of high -temperature superconductic compounds based on copper. These Cuprates, such as copper oxide yttrium bars, YBCO 7 , changes on copper oxide Lanthanum, LSCO and Mercury, Hgcuo, showed superconductivity at temperatures and as -256 ° Fahrenheit).
The discovery of Muller and Betnorze led to the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1987 to both scientists, but the field continued to evolve. The ongoing study in 2008 created a new class of compounds that showed superconductivity based on elements of Iron and Arsenic, such as Lanthanum Železo Arsen, Laofeas. It was first proven as a high -temperature superconductor Hideo Hosono, researcher MAssociations in Japan, in the temperature range of -366 ° Fahrenheit (-221 ° Celsius). Other rare elements mixed with iron, such as Cerius, Samarium and Nemovymium, have created new compounds that have also demonstrated supercure properties. The record since 2009 for a high -temperature superconductor was achieved by a compound made of thalia, mercury, copper, barus, calcium, strontium and oxygen, which demonstrates superconductivity at -211 ° Fahrenheit (-135 ° Celsius).
The focus of the area of high -temperature superconductic research Since 2011, material scientific engineering has been better compounds. When temperatures of -211 ° Fahrenheit (-135 ° Celsius) were reached for superconducting materials, this made it possible to examine their properties in the presence of liquid nitrogen. Because liquid nitrogen is a common and stable part of many laboratory environments and exists at -320 ° Fahrenheit (-196 ° Celsius), testing new materials oftenEM more practical and widespread.
The advantage of superconducting technology for a conventional company still requires materials that can work at a close room temperature. Because superconductors literally offer no resistance to electric flow, the current could pass through the superconducting wire almost indefinitely. This would reduce the energy consumption rate for all electrical needs, and such devices would also be ultra -fast compared to standard electronic technology. Powerful magnets would be available for affordable magnetic levitation trains, medical applications and fusion energy production. Such superconductor technologies could also include the development of quantum computers potentially hundreds of times faster in data processing than those existed in 2011.