What is a homogeneous catalyst?
In chemistry, the catalyst is a substance that is added to accelerate the speed of the reaction without consuming the process. The catalyst is often added in small amounts compared to reactants and can be re -used in future doses. The homogeneous catalyst is one that is part of the same phase as reactants - whether solid, liquid or gas - during the reaction. The components are often from different phases in pure state, but are dissolved in a common solvent. According to this definition, the gas reacting with the liquid in the presence of a commonly solid catalyst is homogeneous if all three are dissolved at that time.
Most industrial catalysis uses heterogeneous catalysts. There are two or more phases in the heterogeneous catalysis and often includes a component of liquid or gas exposed to a solid catalytic component connected to the support substrate for comfort and to prevent loss. It can be because Catalyst is expensive, including a rare metal component. To increase efficiency can bThe surface area is maximized, with the catalyst is finally divided. One example is the catalytic converter found in most cars.
The use of a homogeneous catalyst in comprehensive chemistry is a special interest, partly due to the new use of organococy complexes. Early applications of organomagnesium and organolite compounds were largely as reaction components rather than catalysts. Such compounds were unstable; Their use required their dissolution in dangerous solvents such as ether or tetrahydrofuran (THF). The combination with other liquid reaction components placed these reactions according to the definition in the homogeneous category.
Today, much more organococy compounds are known. Some of them can be placed in the category of a homogeneous catalyst. Are often more stable and easier to sew. This type of compound provides a wider range of use and partO is used as a homogeneous catalyst, rather than a reactant.
Some new reagents are useful in polymerization reactions. Others are well suitable for pharmaceutical production due to their ability to pass on chirality. This applies to the ability to control structural design so closely that polarized light turns only in one way.
The most remarkable application is an attempt to imitate the world of plants using artificial photosynthesis. This must not be interchanged to further use the term: Distribution of water into hydrogen for fuel production. In this case, artificial photosynthesis rather refers to the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and oxygen. Organocov catalysts have been studied for several years with regard to artificial photosynthesis.