What is the nanocomposity?
Nanocomposition is an artificial material designed for increased performance in any number of unique applications: structural, functional or cosmetic. As with other composites, nanocomposites include the basic medium or matrix composed of plastic, metal or ceramics combined with nanoparticles in suspension. The filler particles are much smaller than the particles in common composites and are the size of large molecules, at least 100 times smaller than the core of the human egg cell.
The solid base medium of the nanocomposite begins as a liquid that can be sprayed to the surface, extruded or injected into a mold. The filler particles work depending on their shape: round, such as balls or long and thin, as a tube. Fullerenes, nanoparticles composed exclusively of carbon atoms, such as buckyball or nanotubes, are of the order of magnoples or carbon fibers or beads found in common composites. These fullerenes can carry any number of reactive molecules of useful applications.
The smaller the velIkost of particles filler in suspensions in the basic medium, the larger the available area for interaction and the greater the potential to affect the properties of the material. In the phases of nanocomposites, the basic medium must easily flow into molds. For some applications, the filling must align and not to disrupt the flow in specific directions where strength or conductivity is required. Flying with a high length ratio to width is well equalized in the flow of a liquid base, which still has to become a solid.
Increased surface surfaces of smaller particles in nanocomposites force their diffusion and force them to be distributed more evenly, leading to more consistent material properties. The cluster of nanoparticles during the flow and set of the basic medium is caused by a residual atomic charge or when branching the tangle particles as it flows into itself. Unwanted and uneven clustering contributes to residual stress in the material when the basic mediumbecomes solid. Uneven distribution of nanoparticles in critical places could cause design failure, stop working or break. One of the methods guaranteeing uniform distribution of particles is sonochemistry, in which - in the presence of ultrasonic waves - they form and collapse bubbles, dispersing the nanoparticles even more evenly.
Many applications for nanocomposite materials are several interesting electronic, optical and biomedical. Nanocomposites combining polymer basic media with carbon nanotubes are used in electronics packages that require static electric charges and thermal accumulation. For optical transparency, the nanoparticles of the optimum size are distracted, but allows it to pass while adding strength to the material. In photovoltaics, the smaller the particles, large -scale absorption, resulting in greater electricity production. Nanoparticles in contact lenses consisting of a polymeric base, change color depending on the amountGlucose in the tearing of the patient, indicating the need for insulin diabetics.