What Is a Photoelectron?

The effect of emitting electrons on a metal surface under light irradiation is collectively called the photoelectric effect, and the emitted electrons are called photoelectrons.

Chinese name: Optoelectronics
Foreign name: photoelectron

Category: Natural sciences
Wavelength range: 1mm ~ 10nm
Definition: Light wave band

Definition of optoelectronics

Photoelectrons are the electrons generated by stimulated radiation in the photoelectric effect, which are essentially the electrons of a metal plate, corresponding to the concept of "photons". "Photons" are the nature of light that is currently thought of: light is made up of photons, like balls. However, the essential difference from small balls is that photons have no mass and have both wave and particle properties (wave-particle duality).

Application of Optoelectronic Optoelectronic Technology

Application of Optoelectronic Optoelectronic Technology in Traditional Industry

Optoelectronic technology is the most advanced technology, which plays a huge role in promoting the technological transformation of traditional industries, the development of emerging industries, and the adjustment and optimization of industrial structures.

Optoelectronic technology has the characteristics of precision, accuracy, speed, and efficiency. It helps to improve the level of high, precision, and sharp processing of industrial products, and greatly increases the added value and competitiveness. Taking laser processing technology as an example, it is applied to the automotive, aviation, aerospace, communications, microelectronics and other industries. It has the advantages of fast processing speed, high efficiency, good quality, small deformation, convenient control, and easy to implement automated production. Quality, reducing production costs and improving the competitiveness of the international market play an important role.

1.Car manufacturing

The application of optoelectronic technology in the automotive manufacturing industry has greatly promoted the development of the automotive industry. First, high-power lasers are used as processing processes for cutting and welding materials. Second, machine vision systems are widely used in automotive manufacturing. And use the generated information to adjust the manufacturing process, which is the most reasonable, and thereby improve the quality of the product; and the use of laser ultrasound for non-destructive testing of solid materials also shows great application potential in the automotive industry.

2. Make an active matrix LCD

The first step is to produce a thin film transistor array and a color filter array using photolithography. Then optical monitoring is used to monitor bare liners, color filter arrays and the final display products. Diagnosis during the process uses optical to control the particles. Ultraviolet light is often used to solve the problem of sealing liquid crystal cells. Finally, lasers are often used to locate and repair defects in manufacturing processes.

3. Solar photovoltaic technology changes traditional energy structure

The United States, Japan, Europe and developing countries have all developed huge photovoltaic technology development plans. The development direction is to greatly improve the conversion efficiency and stability of photovoltaic cells, reduce costs, and continuously expand the industry. At present, more than 80 countries and regions have formed commercial and semi-commercial production capacity, with an average annual growth rate of 16%. The market development has shifted from space to ground system applications. Even used to drive vehicles. According to reports, the global investment in the development and construction of solar dwellings (photocells for roofing, exterior walls, windows and other building materials) is US $ 60 billion, which will double to US $ 120 billion by 2012. Photovoltaic technology is expected to become 21 New energy of the century.

Application of Optoelectronic Optoelectronic Technology in Military Field

Optoelectronic science and technology make the national defense military have the ability to respond quickly and make attacks difficult. It can provide the military with fast and accurate information, so that they can see more clearly, respond faster, play more accurately, and have stronger survivability. Therefore, optoelectronic technology is considered to be the mainstream technology in the military field and an important pillar of defense modernization.

(1) Laser fusion can not only be used as a future energy source, it also has important military application value. It can simulate the explosion process of hydrogen bombs, instead of expensive and unsafe air or underground nuclear tests, and improve the performance of nuclear weapons. At present, laser blinding weapons have been equipped with troops, and shipborne and airborne laser antimissiles have begun to leave the laboratory.

(2) Electro-optical technology has become the core technology of the military. The defense level of the United States has shown a rapid growth trend with the development of electro-optical technology. The annual development cost of defense optoelectronic technology in the United States is as high as $ 5 billion.

Optoelectronics Optoelectronics Applications in Advanced Science and Technology

Optoelectronic science plays a huge role in the development of science and technology. Optoelectronics science and technology covers many disciplines and technologies, especially basic disciplines: materials science and technology, computer science and technology, life sciences and technology. The scientific fields involved in optoelectronic technology are cutting-edge science and technology developed in the 21st century. The specific performance is as follows.

1. trillion trillion epoch

This was a dream made by HP's J. Bion Baum in October 1996. In order to meet the needs of the information age, people expect to realize this dream within 10-15 years.

Transmission: Terabit backbone per second, remote transmission network.

(1) Access network with hundreds of gigabits per second;

(2) Local area networks with tens of megabits per second;

(3) Desktop computer terminals of 1000 megabits per second.

Processing: A computer that operates trillions (trillions) of operations per second.

(1) Terabit switching speed per second;

(2) Digital megahertz clock circuit;

(3) Interconnections of hundreds of megabytes per second.

Storage: terabyte database.

(1) Multi-megabyte disc drive;

(2) Gigabit memory chips.

The development trend of optoelectronic technology is entirely possible to meet the requirements of this assumption. Fiber optic transmission capacity, optical processing capacity and optical storage density are developing at a very fast speed. Within about 15 years, information technology functions can be changed from Gigabit (109 ) To Zoroba (1012).

2.HV immune system monitoring

Important progress has been made in the study of AIDS with optical biomedical instruments. For example, using automated gene sequencers and scanning laser fluorometers, scientists can sequence all HIV genes. The next generation of AIDS diagnostic technology will focus on measuring the free HV concentration in peripheral blood flow, which is the viral load. This diagnostic test is important for the development of promising anti-HIV drugs, protease inhibitors, and the determination of their effectiveness in combination with these antiviral therapies. Using optical detection in such sophisticated molecular biology laboratories, such as quantitative PCR-derived polymerase chain reaction (POR) quantification of derived DNA will have a strategic impact on the fight against HIV. ^[1]

Department of Optoelectronics

Optoelectronics Major Courses

Major professional courses studied: optoelectronic technology, optoelectronic devices and systems, signals and systems, communication principles and technologies, advanced optics, applied optics, optoelectronics, computer and network technology, electronic circuits and technologies, electrodynamics, quantum mechanics, semiconductor physics Wait. ^[2]

Where Optoelectronics Graduates Go

Continue to study for master's and doctoral degrees; or go to the information industry sector, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and related research institutes, the telecommunications sector, universities, enterprises and institutions and related companies, mainly engaged in optics, optoelectronics, optoelectronic technology science, optoelectronic information engineering and technology Research, design, development, application and management in optical communication engineering and technology, photoelectric signal detection processing and control technology and other fields.

At the same time that microelectronics technology is booming, people have found that we can use our respective advantages to serve us. For example, lasers, photodetectors, solar cells, etc. all require photoelectric integration. This is early optoelectronics. With the development of optoelectronics, people have studied the use of light to process information, and photonics was born. So it can be said that there was optoelectronics and then photonics. The ultimate development will be the reunification of optoelectronics, that is, optoelectronics at a higher level. Single-electron technology and single-photon technology are now being developed. At that time, the carrier of information is no longer a beam, but a single particle. Both photons and electrons use the concept of quantum mechanics, and the difference is only the wavelength. I think we will definitely come to this in the 21st century. At that time, it could not be called photon information technology or electronic information technology. It should be called quantum information technology.

Because photons have many characteristics that electrons do not have, photonics has its unique advantages. Especially in the field of information. For example, for communication, most of our backbone networks now use optical fibers, and the carriers of information are all optical. Due to the development of dense wavelength division multiplexing technology, a fiber with a hair thickness can transmit 100 million telephone lines. This is unmatched by cables. Another example is information storage technology. The development of optical discs from VCD to DVD has increased the capacity several times. In the future, if a commercially available blue laser is developed and the light in the blue light band is used as a carrier of information, the same size of optical discs can be used. The capacity has increased nearly tenfold. Moreover, light is coherent and can realize holographic storage. On a chip less than one square centimeter, we can store all the books in the Beijing Library. In terms of computers, the future development trend is that light will enter the computer, use the advantages of photons to realize the interconnection of switches, and use light to eliminate the bottleneck effect brought by electron transmission.