What is a photoelectron?

Fotellectron is an electron emitted from a substance due to a photoelectric effect. The photoelectric effect occurs when a material that is usually metal absorbs enough light radiation, so this results in electron emissions from its surface. The discovery of the photoelectric effect was first performed in 1887 by Heinrich Hertz, a German physicist, and was subsequently named Hertz Effect. Many scientists spent time by defining their properties over the years, and in 1905 Albert Einstein published the finding that it was caused by a quantum of light known as photons. Einstein's bright and elegant explanation of how the photoelectrons were produced, led to his victory of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921. To emit the photoelectrons from the surface, there must be a light wavelength, such as red light. The emission of the photoelectron is also a key feature that is used to describe the principles of quantum mechanics. Processing the quantity or single photon energy absorbed by solid material if enErgie photon larger than the energy of the upper valence zone or the farthest electron shells of the material.

Photoelectron spectroscopy is a process where the kinetic energy of photons emitted from the surface is analyzed to study the surface area of ​​the sampling material. Two basic types of process were used. X -ray spectroscopy studies the basic levels of material using a photon energy series 200 to 2,000 electron volts and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy uses photon energy energy between 10 and 45 electron volts to study external electrons or valence materials. Since 2011, the latest synchrotron device, which is a magnetic cyclotron that electrostatically accelerates particles, studies the energy range between 5 and 5,000 electron volts, so that its eParate is no longer necessary. However, these machines are an expensiveHé and complex, so they are not used in the field.

Since 2011, a photoelectron spectrometer device with an electron detector has been developed, which can work on outdoor air and atmospheric pressure, which is new in the field. It is able to measure the thickness of thin films to levels as fine as 20 nanometers or 20 billion. Machines are desktop models that use an ultraviolet light source and can work between 3.4 and 6.2 electron volts. They are used to analyze metals and semiconductors such as silicon.