What Is a Tropical Cyclone?

Tropical Cyclone (TC) is a low-pressure vortex that occurs on the tropical or subtropical ocean surface. ^[1] Mesoscale or weather-scale warm cyclones that occur on the tropical ocean surface ^[2] . It can be found in the western Pacific Ocean and its adjacent waters (typhoon), the Atlantic and Northeast Pacific (hurricanes), and the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific ^[3] .

The intensity of tropical cyclones is generally evaluated based on the average wind speed.

The classification of tropical cyclones is not necessarily related to the damage caused by tropical cyclones. Unlike assessing the impact of an earthquake

Because there may be multiple tropical cyclones on the ocean at the same time, in order to reduce confusion, when tropical cyclones reach the intensity of tropical storms, various meteorological agencies will name them. Tropical cyclones are named according to different nomenclature tables for each region. These nomenclature tables are formulated by members of the World Meteorological Organization or the agencies responsible for predicting tropical cyclones in each region. When tropical cyclones are retired, a new name will be selected as a substitute.

Nomenclature

Tropical cyclones are named differently in different regions.

North Atlantic and Northeast Pacific

In the North Atlantic and Northeast Pacific, male and female names follow

Meteorologists believe that the intensity of a tropical cyclone or the activity of a wind season cannot be attributed to a single factor, such as

Single tropical cyclone record

Typhoon Haiyan in 2013 is the world's first Dvorak analysis to analyze tropical cyclones of 170kt and T8.0, and it is also considered by the agency to be the strongest tropical cyclone in the western Pacific.

Hurricane Ioke in 2006 was the strongest tropical cyclone generated in the Central Pacific, and it was also the only tropical cyclone that generated and intensified into a Category 5 hurricane in the Central Pacific. It is also the tropical cyclone with the highest cyclone energy level index in history.

Hurricane Patricia in 2015 was the strongest tropical cyclone in history in the eastern Pacific Ocean in history and the strongest tropical cyclone in the western hemisphere. The central pressure was as low as 872 hectopascals. At the same time, it also has the highest temperature.

Hurricane Wilma in 2005 was the strongest tropical cyclone ever seen in the North Atlantic, with a central pressure as low as 882 hectopascals.

Cyclone 05B in 1999 was the strongest cyclone in the history of the Bay of Bengal. The strongest cyclone ever seen in the Arabian Sea was Gonu in 2007.

Cyclone Gafilo in 2004 was the strongest tropical cyclone ever seen in the South Indian Ocean in history, but Eunice in 2015 may have similar intensity.

Cyclone Zoe in 2002 was the strongest tropical cyclone ever seen in the South Pacific Fiji jurisdiction in history. However, the cyclone Olaf in 2005 may be morphologically similar or even better than it.

Cyclone Monica in 2006 was the strongest cyclone ever seen in Australian jurisdictions.

Cyclone Catarina in 2004 was the first and currently the only tropical cyclone to reach hurricane intensity in the South Atlantic.

Typhoon Tip in 1979 had the largest circulation of all tropical cyclones with a radius of 1200 km, while the Japan Meteorological Agency considered that the typhoon with the largest wind circle (note the difference from the circulation) was Typhoon Winnie in 1997 .

In 1974, the tropical cyclone in the southwest Pacific had the smallest circulation of all tropical cyclones, with a radius of only 60 km.

Typhoon Carmen in 1960 had the largest wind eye in tropical cyclones, with a diameter of 320km in Okinawa's radar map.

Cyclone Kara in the South Indian Ocean in 2008 has the smallest wind eye of all tropical cyclones, with a diameter as small as 2km.

Typhoon Forrest in 1983 was officially considered the fastest intensifying tropical cyclone, but Typhoon Muif in 2011 and Hurricane Patricia in 2015 may have similar intensification rates.

Hurricane John in 1994 was officially considered to be the longest-lasting tropical cyclone, but in the southern hemisphere in 1998, Katrina-Victor-Cindy had a longer duration, but Midway weakened into tropical disturbances without being recognized by the agency.

Typhoon Andy of 1989 had the lowest average cloud top temperature of any cyclone with CDG loops in all German-French defined color scales.

Typhoon Nancy in 1961 had the highest number of continuous reports of all five tropical cyclones, as many as 21.

Typhoon Vera in 1959 was the northernmost of all fifth-level tropical cyclones and landed in Japan at the intensity of a fifth-level typhoon.

Typhoon June in 1975 was the first tropical cyclone to be observed with a triple eye wall. Tropical cyclones with three complete eyewalls were subsequently observed, including Hurricane Juliette in the Eastern Pacific in 2001 and Typhoon Bolaven in 2012. ^[58]

Wind season or multiple tropical cyclone records

In 1960, the only time that five tropical cyclones in one ocean area were active simultaneously.

1997 was the most active wind season in the history of the Western Pacific, and the wind season with the highest cyclone energy product index.

1998 was the year with the lowest number of typhoons in the Western Pacific in history.

2005 was the most active year in the North Atlantic, breaking records such as the most named storms and the most hurricanes. It is also the first season in North Atlantic history to run out of a set of named watches.

2015 was the first time in the history of the Central Pacific that eight tropical cyclones above tropical depression were generated, and it was also the first year of the Central Pacific to run out of temporary disturbance numbers. At the same time, the number of tropical cyclones active in the Central Pacific also hit record highs.