What Is Absolute Temperature?

Absolute minimum temperature is the extreme minimum temperature over the entire observation period, which characterizes the temperature limit of a region. Obtaining a relatively reliable absolute minimum temperature requires a relatively long observation period (more than 30 years). Absolute minimum temperature, also known as "extreme minimum temperature". Refers to the lowest value of the lowest temperature that may occur in a given period of time in a calendar year (such as a certain day, month, and day). For example, the monthly and annual extreme minimum temperatures are selected from the lowest temperature values of the whole month or the whole day: the annual minimum temperature and the annual extreme minimum temperature are selected from the calendar month and the annual minimum temperature values. extremum. It is just a theory that is feasible but has not been achieved in practice.

Absolute minimum temperature

Commonly known as: absolute zero or minimum temperature

The synonym for absolute temperature is thermodynamic temperature

Thermodynamic temperature, also known as thermodynamic temperature, symbol T, unit K ( Kelvin , abbreviated as Kai) is one of the basic international units. As early as 1787, French physicist J. Charles discovered that when the temperature was constant and the temperature increased by 1 ° C, the value of the volume increase (expansion rate) of a certain amount of gas was a fixed value. The temperature is linear. The international practical temperature scale is based on a series of internationally adopted fixed points of pure substances (such as balanced hydrogen triple point, balanced hydrogen boiling point, oxygen triple point, water triple point, tin freezing point, etc.) as the benchmark for calibration regulations Reference thermometers (such as platinum resistance thermometers and platinum-10% rhodium / platinum thermocouples, etc.) and the corresponding interpolation formulas are given for measuring temperature. One of the 7 basic quantities of the International System of Units (SI), the scale of the thermodynamic temperature scale, the symbol is T. According to the principle of thermodynamics, the thermodynamic temperature is measured using the international practical temperature scale.

Celsius is a special name used instead of Kelvin to indicate Celsius. The triple point temperature of water is 0.01 degrees Celsius. Therefore, the relationship between the thermodynamic temperature T and the usual Celsius temperature t is T = t + 273.15. The unit opening (K) of the specified thermodynamic temperature is exactly the same as the unit temperature of Celsius (° C). 1K = 1 . When expressing the temperature difference and temperature interval, the values of K and ° C are the same.

Absolute zero is only a theoretical value, and technology can only be infinitely approached and cannot be reached.

Guinness

Guinness World Record

An international research team composed of scientists from Germany, the United States, Austria and other countries has recently rewritten the minimum temperature record created by humans: they reached a temperature in the laboratory of only 0.5 Kelvin higher than absolute zero, compared with the previous record of Absolute zero is 3 nanometers higher. This is the first time in human history to reach an extreme low temperature within 1 nanometer above absolute zero.

Kelvin is a unit of thermodynamic temperature, referred to as "Kai", "1 Kelvin" is equivalent to 1 degree Celsius, and 1 nano Kelvin equals one billionth of a Kelvin. "0 on" means that absolute zero is the limit of temperature, which is equivalent to minus 273.15 degrees Celsius. At this temperature, the molecules will stop moving.

The research team published a paper in the new issue of the "Science" magazine and said that they set this record during the experiment of using the magnetic trap technology to realize the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of cesium atoms. Participating scientist David Pritchard said that cooling the gas to extremely close to absolute zero conditions is important for accurate measurements, and the results of their experiments helped make more accurate atomic clocks and more accurate Gravity and so on.

The Bose-Einstein condensate is a peculiar state of matter. A large number of atoms in this state behave like single particles. "Cohesion" here is different from cohesion in daily life. It means that atoms in different states suddenly "coalesce" to the same state. To achieve this state of matter, on the one hand, it needs to reach extremely low temperatures, and on the other hand, it requires the atomic system to be in a gaseous state. Chinese physicist Zhu Yiwen once shared the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics with two other scientists for inventing laser cooling and magnetic trap technology.

Scientists say they hope to use the newly reached minimum temperature to discover new phenomena of some substances, such as the state of atoms on the same object surface at this low temperature, and the state of motion when the area of the motion channel is limited. Because of the discovery of "Bose-Einstein condensation of thin gases of alkali metal atoms"

Wolfgang Kettler, a German scientist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 for this new state of matter, commented that the first time to reach a temperature above absolute zero and within one nanometer is a milestone in human history.

Guinness World Records: A person's maximum contact time with ice is 1 hour and 13 minutes.

Absolute minimum temperature-time will stop

When at absolute temperature, time will stop. Is this question right or wrong? It is still controversial.

The square thinks that (time will stop): Absolute zero degree exists in the universe. In some parts of the universe, absolute zero degree is generated when huge energy is sucked away by black holes. Since time is also a form of energy, at that moment, time It also stopped. There are places in the universe with absolute zero, and there are even places below absolute zero. Those below zero are composed of antimatter. That is to say, our molecular motion needs to provide energy, and antimatter motion absorbs energy, so absolute zero can be achieved, but we have not found it, nor can we find it. Just as numbers are positive and negative, currents are positive and negative, and genders are men and women, why do you say there is no negative temperature below absolute zero? Scientists have not denied that the time and space are known before absolute zero, which is the origin of time. How can you conclude that the temperature below absolute zero does not exist?

The opposite side thinks that (time will not stop): from a philosophical point of view, the stationary and the movement of matter are relative. If time records the development and change of matter, it records the state of movement of the substance. ? At absolute zero, not everything has stopped, but only the molecular movement of matter. Therefore, in summary, time at absolute zero must still be moving. Unless in this world, time no longer exists. But if all the matter in the universe is absolutely zero, then time should stop! In fact, at absolute zero, the object has no motion and no energy. At this time, the object maintains an absolute static state relative to the non-absolute zero degree object. Time is an energy (as mentioned above), but more often it is a form, a unit that exists within our perception range, so at absolute zero, the relative time depends on your authentication method.

Absolute minimum temperature-no flames possible

Absolute zero is impossible to generate a flame, at least it is invisible to human eyes, because the temperature of the flame itself must burn a substance to a certain temperature, otherwise no flame phenomenon will occur. One of the lowest temperatures in the world, and even the universe does not have such a low temperature.

At absolute zero, the average kinetic energy of the object particles is zero, which means that they are not moving, so the temperature cannot be lowered anymore. Reaching absolute zero instantaneously is a very complicated concept that involves the concept of relativity, and flames are produced by the violent burning of matter. Since there is no kinetic energy, of course, the particles will not move so violently or the particles are in an absolute static state, which means that no burning phenomenon will occur.

An unsolved mystery

The head of the cold zone: the coldest place in the universe-Sandia National Laboratory in the United States, said that the coldest place in the universe, we have to return to Earth. Physicists at the New Mexico State Laboratory (Sandia National Lab) and Columbia University have published a paper in the journal Science describing how they stopped molecules in the laboratory and collided them with each other exactly. We know from physics that if you want molecules to stop moving, you need very low temperatures. Physicists have managed to bring the temperature to minus 272.59 degrees Celsius in experiments, which is the lowest temperature in the known universe.

Absolute minimum temperature-the lowest temperature made in the laboratory

At absolute zero, any energy should disappear. However, at absolute zero, there is still a kind of energy, which is the zero energy of vacuum.

The zero-point energy of vacuum is named after the vibration of particles is found at absolute zero. This is the huge background energy contained in the quantum vacuum. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that it is impossible to know the position and momentum of a particle at the same time with high accuracy. Therefore, when the temperature drops to absolute zero, the particle must still be vibrating; otherwise, if the particle stops completely, its momentum and position can be accurately measured at the same time, which is against the principle of uncertainty. The energy at which such particles vibrate at zero degrees (zero-point vibration) is zero-point energy.

Quantum vacuum is the state of matter without any physical particles, and the total energy of its field is at the lowest. This is the initial state of all matter motion and energy field, and its temperature is naturally at absolute zero. Such a state has the potential for infinite change. Zero point energy is generated by the continuous appearance and annihilation of virtual particles and antiparticles in a quantum vacuum. It is speculated that in a quantum vacuum, the energy density contained per cubic centimeter is 10 ^ 13 joules, which is enough to dry up all the water in the ocean in an instant!

In theory, vacuum energy appears in the form of particles and continues to form and disappear on a tiny scale. The vacuum is full of particles of almost various wavelengths, but Casimir believes that if two thin, uncharged metal discs are brought close together, the longer wavelengths will be excluded. Then, other waves outside the metal disc will generate a force that tends to bring them together. The closer the metal disc is, the stronger the attraction between the two. In 1996, physicists first measured this so-called Casimir effect. This is conclusive evidence that a vacuum zero can exist.

In fact, both absolute zero and absolute maximum temperatures can be reached in theory. Humans are spared no effort to carry out related experiments, exploring the mysteries hidden in the depths of science.

The lowest temperature reached last (September 12, 2003 16:37)

Kelvin is a unit of thermodynamic temperature, referred to as "Kai", 1 Kelvin is equivalent to 1 degree Celsius, and 1 Kelvin is equal to one billionth of a Kelvin. 0 on means absolute zero is the limit of temperature, which is equivalent to minus 273.15 degrees Celsius. At this temperature, molecules will stop moving.

The research team published a paper in the new issue of the "Science" magazine and stated that they set this record during the experiment of using the magnetic trap technology to achieve the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of cesium atoms.