What is metabolic regulation?

Metabolic regulation is a process through which all cells - from human bacteria - control the chemical processes necessary throughout their lives. Metabolism is organized into complex, step -through reactions called metabolic pathways. The ubiquitous special proteins called enzymes are the main way as these paths are regulated, although the concentrations of nutrients, waste products and hormones can control metabolic speeds. Metabolic disorders are inherited diseases caused by the absence of key enzymes that disrupt the normal regulation of the path. Systems called metabolic pathways coordinate these functions and are usually initiated or stopped by proteins called enzymes. Metabolic regulation is the basis of biological control of metabolism because it allows living cells to control these pathways. In non-aliving systems, balance with the external environment occurs at the end of chemical reactions that would kill a living cell. Metabolic regulation thus helps to maintain a living system in a chemically balanced state called homeostasis.

The most basic form of metabolic regulation occurs when genes give cells to produce enzymes and regulate their amount. In addition, in the metabolic runway, molecules are subject to significant changes and either are either used or processed to create another step in the way. Some of these molecules, called substrates, are an effective means of metabolic regulation through their concentration. The speed of the metabolic pathway changes depending on the availability and concentration of the substrate, which must be tied to the enzyme to function. In addition to substrates, enzymes are often dependent on other enzymes and vitamins.

In Addition to a more passive "feedback" of metabolic regulation of substrate concentrations there are direct controls in most multicellular organisms. Even plants use hormones to control their metabolism. In higher animals, external regulation of metabolism may come fromChemical signals that control the activity of the enzyme, either directly acting on enzymes, or by influencing genes that regulate their production. Some forms of metabolic regulation only change the speed of the time in which the biochemical process occurs; Others activate the process or prevent it from running. In animals, the metabolic speed of function from breathing works.

There are many disorders of metabolism, including thousands of congenital deficiencies of genes that code basic enzymes. Thyroid diseases can radically change metabolic speed, causing obesity or almost hunger. Sometimes human metabolism is too slow or fast due to illness and can be treated medical. It can be said that some drugs or nutritional substances increase metabolism rate by changing the speed of paths associated with carbohydrates or fat digestion. In patients with diabetes mellitus, for example, the effects of hormonal insulin on sugar metabolism are endangered and synthetic ins is administered to restore normal metabolic regulationtench.