Physical chemistry was developed on the basis of physics and chemistry. It takes a wealth of chemical phenomena and systems as objects, adopts a large number of theoretical achievements and experimental techniques of physics, and explores, summarizes, and studies the basic laws and theories of chemistry, forming the theoretical basis of chemical science. The level of physical chemistry reflects the depth of chemical development to a considerable extent.
[wù l huà xué]
Physical chemistry is a discipline that studies the nature and behavior of chemical systems based on the principles of physics and experimental techniques, and discovers and establishes special laws in chemical systems.
With the rapid development of science and the mutual penetration of various disciplines, physical chemistry and physics, inorganic chemistry, and organic chemistry have boundaries that are difficult to accurately divide, and thus new branch disciplines are constantly being generated, such as
In 1752, the concept of "physical chemistry" was used by Russian scientists
With the rapid development of science and the mutual penetration of various disciplines, there are more and more new areas of overlap between physical chemistry and physics, inorganic chemistry, and organic chemistry. As a result, many new Branch disciplines, such as
There are many universities offering this major in China. Only the top 20 universities are listed here:
Ranking
School Name
Stars
1
Jilin University
5
2
Fudan University
5
3
Xiamen University
5
4
University of Science and Technology of China
5
5
Nankai University
5
6
Nanjing University
5
7
Beijing University
5
8
Zhejiang University
5
9
Tsinghua University
4
10
Shan Dong University
4
11
Dalian University of Technology
4
12
Fuzhou University
4
13
East China University of Science and Technology
4
14
Beijing University of Chemical Technology
4
15
Wuhan University
4
16
Beijing Normal University
4
17
Sun Yat-sen University
4
18
Tianjin University
4
19
Shanghai Jiaotong University
4
20
Sichuan University
4 [3]
The achievements of physics and mathematics, coupled with the rapid development of computer technology, have provided new fields for the development of physical chemistry. Because it is no longer limited to the analytical solution of equations and the application of numerical methods, solids, elastomers, and other non-ideal systems have become the research objects of physical chemistry, adding new theoretical weapons to the research of materials science and technology, and more Close to engineering reality. In the early 1970s, the theory of dissipative structures proposed by I. Prigogine and others extended the theoretical system of physical chemistry from traditional equilibrium thermodynamics to a new field of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, and stabilized systems far from equilibrium Understanding will help people deepen their understanding of many practical processes, including life processes.
In the late 1980s, the rise of microscopic microscopy, represented by scanning tunneling microscopy, promoted the development of nanoscience and technology. Nanomaterials not only have a very strong application background. The synthesis, characterization, function, and application research of materials often involve multiple disciplines and technologies, and have a close relationship with most chemical fields. Development provides a whole new field of research. Because the magnitude of the number of particles contained in nanoscale particles is far from the classical physical and chemical system, the physical and chemical theoretical research and the development of experimental methods suitable for the nano system will become another extremely challenging physical chemistry in the 21st century. The new realm of sex.
Catalysis is one of the permanent subjects in chemical research. It is of great significance in the fields of chemical production, energy, agriculture, life sciences, medicine, etc., but so far there are still doubts about the principle of catalytic action and the reaction mechanism of most catalytic processes. A special reaction system has a highly efficient catalyst. The application of combinatorial chemistry methods can accelerate the screening process of effective catalysts and will help accelerate the development of catalytic theory.
Enzyme catalysis and imitation catalysis are emerging fields in catalytic science and technology, which will promote the mutual penetration of structural chemistry, synthetic chemistry, chemical biology and physics, biology and other technical fields, and will greatly improve the chemical industry. Productivity at the same time promotes the achievement of green chemistry goals.
