What is Raman's superficial scattering?

Raman's scattering improved by the surface is a phenomenon, with normally weak light signals that are associated with raman scattering, becoming much stronger and easier to detect. While Raman's spectroscopy is a useful means to identify molecules present in the material or solution, it is limited by the fact that the effect is very weak, with usually only one of each 10 incoming photons subject to this type of scattering. The results of the raman dispersion of the improved surface are very amplified by this effect, usually a factor of 10 3 to 10 6 and under certain circumstances up to 10 15 . Improvements are achieved when the examined molecules are in contact with a metal surface or in close proximity, which has a roughness on a scale of 10-100 nanometers (Nm). Silver, Gold and Copper provide the best results and are usually used in the form of nanoparticles.

It is assumed that the effect is formed when plasms are formed on a metal surface of laser lightused to achieve surface raman scattering. Plasmons are electromagnetic waves that move at short distances over the metal surface when the metal electron cloud is stimulated by light. It seems that minor irregularities on the surfaces of nanoparticles focus on an effect that increases even more when nanoparticles are arranged in clusters. The generated electromagnetic field seems to cause molecules in the immediate vicinity to prove a much more intense Raman scattering than it would usually be. It is also assumed that in some cases chemistry could play the role of chemistry, but research is going to explain.

This effect has led to the development of surface improved Raman spectroscopy (SERS), a technique that significantly expanded the range of Raman spectroscopy, allowing the detection of extremely small amunts of different substances without the need for expensive instruments. In order to maximize the surface of the ramana scattering, the material examined is placed on suitable metal nanoparticles, often in KOLidu. As with traditional Raman spectroscopy, a monochromatic laser is used to create the desired scattering. Before analyzing the scattered light, a more intense signal is filtered out due to Rayleigh scattering to prevent it from threatening Raman's signals.

Great improved sensitivity of Raman's scattering enhanced surface allows the use of techniques to detect numerous chemical compounds in trace quantities. Therefore, it has an application in forensic science, environmental monitoring and medicine. Metal nanoparticles can be introduced into living cells, allowing serifs to examine cellular biochemical activities.