What Are the Different Types of RF Technology?

Radio frequency technology (RF) is an abbreviation for Radio Frequency. The more common applications are radio frequency identification (Radio Frequency Identification, RFID), often referred to as inductive electronic chips or proximity cards, proximity cards, contactless cards, electronic tags, electronic barcodes, etc. The principle is that the scanner transmits radio frequency energy of a specific frequency to the receiver, which is used to drive the receiver circuit to send the internal code, and the scanner receives the code at this time.

RF technology

Radio frequency technology (RF) is an abbreviation for Radio Frequency. The more common applications are radio frequency identification (Radio Frequency Identification, RFID), often referred to as inductive electronic chips or proximity cards, proximity cards, contactless cards, electronic tags, electronic barcodes, etc. The principle is that the scanner transmits radio frequency energy of a specific frequency to the receiver, which is used to drive the receiver circuit to send the internal code, and the scanner receives the code at this time.

The special feature of the receiver is that it is free of battery, contact, and credit card, so it is not afraid of dirt, and the chip password is the only one in the world that cannot be copied, with high security and long life. RFID is widely used. At present, typical applications are animal chips, car chip anti-theft devices,

Radio frequency identification technology (Radio Frequency Identification), English for short "RFID".

The most basic RFID system consists of three parts:

Tag: It consists of a coupling element and a chip. Each tag has a unique electronic code attached to the object to identify the target object;

Reader: A device that reads (and sometimes can also write) tag information and can be designed to be handheld or fixed;

Antenna: Passes RF signals between the tag and the reader.

RFID directly inherits the concept of radar, and from this has developed a vibrant new AIDC technology-RFID technology. "Communication using reflected power" published by Harry Stockman in 1948 laid the theoretical foundation for radio frequency identification RFID.

History of RFID technology development. In the 20th century, the research on the theory and application of radio technology was one of the most important achievements in scientific and technological development. The development of RFID technology can be divided into 10 years as follows:

From 1941 to 1950. The improvement and application of radar gave birth to RFID technology. In 1948, the theoretical foundation of RFID technology was laid.

1951-1960. The early exploration phase of RFID technology was mainly in laboratory experimental research.

1961-1970. The theory of RFID technology has been developed, and some application attempts have begun.

1971-1980. RFID technology and product research and development are in a period of great development, and various RFID technology tests have been accelerated. There are some of the earliest RFID applications.

From 1981 to 1990. RFID technology and products have entered the commercial application stage, and various scale applications have begun to appear.

From 1991 to 2000. RFID technology standardization is getting more and more attention, RFID products are widely used, and RFID products have gradually become a part of people's lives.

2001present. The issue of standardization is becoming more and more important, and the types of RFID products are more abundant. Active electronic tags,

Both passive electronic tags and semi-passive electronic tags have been developed, the cost of electronic tags has been continuously reduced, and the scale of the application industry has expanded.

The theory of RFID technology has been enriched and improved. Single-chip electronic tags, multi-electronic tag reading, wireless readable and writable, long-distance identification of passive electronic tags, and RFID adapted to high-speed moving objects are becoming a reality. ^[3]

The basic model of the RFID system is shown in Figure 8-1.

Among them, electronic tags are also called radio frequency tags, transponders, and data carriers; readers are also called readout devices, scanners, communicators, and readers (depending on whether the electronic tags can wirelessly rewrite data). The electronic tag and the reader realize the spatial (non-contact) coupling of radio frequency signals through a coupling element. In the coupling channel, according to the timing relationship, energy transfer and data exchange are realized.

There are two types of RF signal coupling that occur between a reader and an electronic tag.

(1) Inductive coupling. Transformer model, which realizes coupling through a high-frequency alternating magnetic field in space, based on the law of electromagnetic induction, as shown in the figure:

Figure 8-1

1. Logistics: Cargo tracking during logistics, automatic information collection, warehousing applications, port applications, postal, express delivery;

2. Retail: real-time statistics of product sales data, replenishment, anti-theft;

3. Manufacturing industry: real-time monitoring of production data, quality tracking, and automated production;

4. Apparel industry: automated production, warehouse management, brand management, single product management, channel management;

5. Medical: medical device management, patient identification, baby anti-theft;

6. Identification: electronic passports, ID cards, student IDs and other electronic documents;

7. Anti-counterfeiting: Anti-counterfeiting of valuables (cigarettes, alcohol, drugs), security of tickets, etc .;

8. Asset management: all kinds of assets (precious or large quantity similar or dangerous goods, etc.);

9. Transportation: high-speed non-stop, taxi management, bus hub management, railway locomotive identification, etc .;

10. Food: Freshness management of fruits, vegetables, fresh food, food, etc.

11. Animal identification: identification and management of training animals, livestock, pets, etc .;

12.Library: bookstore, library, publishing house, etc.

13. Automobile: manufacture, anti-theft, positioning, car key;

14. Aviation: manufacturing, passenger tickets, luggage tracking;

15. Military: identification and tracking of ammunition, firearms, supplies, personnel, trucks, etc .;

16. Electricity: smart power inspection, smart meter reading and power asset management;

17. Others: To be developed ...

Radio frequency: Generally refers to microwave.

Microwave: Electromagnetic wave with a wavelength of 0.1-100 cm or a frequency of 1-100 GHz.

Electronic tag: A tag that stores an object code in the form of electronic data, also called a radio frequency card.

Passive electronic tag: An electronic tag that has no internal power supply and works by receiving microwave energy.

Active electronic tags: Electronic tags that work on internal battery power.

Microwave antenna: Used to transmit and receive microwave signals.

Reading device: It is used to read the electronic data in the electronic tag.

Reader: Used to read electronic data in the electronic tag.

Programmer: It is used to write electronic data to the electronic label or to view the data stored in the electronic label.

Beam range: refers to the range of irradiation power of the microwave emitted by the antenna.

Tag capacity: The number of bytes or logical digits that can be written during the programming of the electronic tag.

Amplitude: The distance between the highest point of the radio wave and the zero value.

Read-only memory (ROM): A form of information stored on a chip that cannot be overwritten. Read-only chips are much cheaper than read-write chips.

Automatic data capture (ADC): A method for collecting data and importing it directly into a computer system without human involvement (see Automatic Identification and Data Acquisition).

Smart Card: A general term for a plastic card (usually the size of a credit card) with a microchip embedded in it. Some smart cards contain an RFID chip, so they don't need any physical contact with the reader to identify the cardholder. RFID smart cards are often referred to as "remote control" smart cards.

a-BizThe application case framework of automatic identification technology: a-Biz is an automatic identification project. Its ultimate goal is to combine automatic identification technology with real-world application cases to achieve "business automation", or It's a-Biz.

ASN-Advanced Freight Notification: Also called DA, this electronic file is sent before the goods to notify the other party that the goods are in transit.

BISBusiness Information System: Business information system, or BIS, is a system used to process business transaction information.

DADelivery Notice: This electronic file is sent before the goods to notify the other party that the goods are in transit.

EAN-European Article Numbering Group: This organization was established in 1974 and has established an ad-hoc committee of manufacturers and distributors in 12 European countries. Its mission is to investigate the possibility of developing a unified and standardized coding system in Europe, similar to the UPC system used in the United States. The UPC-compatible "European Article Number" was created. Visit for more information.

EPCTMProduct Electronic Code: The product electronic code, or EPC, is a code used to uniquely identify an object in an automatic identification system. Its purpose is similar to GTIN and UPC.

ONSObject Name Resolution Service: Object Name Resolution Service, or ONS, is

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