What Are Thin-Film Coatings?

Paint, traditional Chinese name for paint. The so-called coating is a continuous film that is coated on the surface of the object to be protected or decorated and can form a strong adhesion with the object to be coated. It is usually based on resin, oil, or emulsion, with or without pigments, fillers, and additives. Corresponding auxiliaries, viscous liquids prepared with organic solvents or water.

Paint, as we usually say

The service life of the coating is determined by different products. The liquid marble texture product uses modified silicone resin emulsion as the base material and uses special coating technology to coat various colors of paint into colloidal water-based color particles, which are uniform and stable. Suspended in a specific aqueous dispersion, the hue of various colored particles remains unchanged, and the colored pigment does not precipitate in water. Then the service life of this exterior coating is about 15 years.

The liquid marble texture product uses unique wrapping technology to make the product completely water-based, with extremely low VOC content, which greatly improves the service life of the exterior wall paint; high simulation, the surface of the coating is uneven and soft, and the colors penetrate into each other. Can imitate natural granite stone; environmental protection and energy saving, can replace precious stone with scarce resources, and professional imitation granite decoration with external thermal insulation of the wall, which fully meets the national energy conservation and environmental protection requirements of architectural coatings; excellent decorative effect, random color shade, pattern Any size. The combination of color design and natural stone style creates luxurious and dignified decorative effects. It can also expand the design space and enhance the expressiveness through different grid seam designs, fully reflecting the personalization; high elasticity and crack resistance, with good ductility It can effectively improve the problem of wall cracks caused by the cracking of the base layer. From this aspect, it is not difficult to see that Qingxin professional exterior wall paint liquid marble texture products have improved the service life of exterior wall paint; Washing, high temperature resistance, acid rain resistance, strong adhesion, good ductility, waterproof, mildew resistance, good self-cleaning; excellent construction, one-time molding, short construction period; high cost performance, can adapt to any irregular wall surface, can be decorated Any curved, thin edges and other parts can fully reflect the lines and layers of the building. Reduce the wall load, the cost is only 30-40% of the cost of natural granite.

National Standards on Coatings and Paints

Paint is defined like this:

In the early days, vegetable oil was used as the main raw material, so it was called paint. Now synthetic resin has mostly or completely replaced vegetable oil, so it is called paint.

There are two points to the above definition:

1. The reason why such materials are called coatings but not paints is more due to the development of paint varieties and categories, because the paint name can no longer cover the existing products in the industry, and the term paint can completely cover the industry. For various products, the use of paint names is more accurate and scientific.

For example, the title of paint is not suitable for powder coating products, and paint and paint are not interchangeable here. Therefore, coatings can cover solid powder coatings and liquid paints, but replacement is not possible, so the explanation in the standard is not very good.

2. In the standard, the "note" in coating terms: "It can be indicated by the word" lacquer "in the name of a specific paint variety, such as blend paint, thick paint, etc." In fact, the word "lacquer" is not only used in specific paint varieties, but also in a large number of paint categories, such as acrylic paints, polyurethane paints, etc., but also in a broad range of applications, such as corrosion Paint, car paint, ship paint, etc. In fact, with the exception of individual cases, the terms paint and lacquer are universal, and it does not specifically refer to specific species.

The concept of paint as paint should be revised

Lacquers and paints are liquid in appearance and cannot cover solid paints other than liquid paints. Since the scope is different, it will be difficult to explain the concepts of paint and paint equally.

Water-based paints and powder coatings have become a climate, especially architectural paints based on water-based paints, which have accounted for about 38% of China's total coatings. Because the chemical characteristics of water-based paints and oil-based paints are essentially different, and the properties of water-based paints and oil-based paints are also very different, it is unscientific to set water-based paints as a large branch of the paint industry. . Water-based paint and oil paint should be listed as two different series in liquid paint. Therefore, the author suggests that in the basic terminology standards, not only the standards for paint terms need to be appropriately modified, but also the terminology standards for paints, paints and water-based paints. They can be defined as:

Coatings: A general term for a class of liquid or solid materials that can form a solid coating film with protection, decoration, or special properties (such as insulation, corrosion resistance, signs, etc.) on the surface of an object. Including oil paint, water-based paint, powder coating. Powder coating is used for electrostatic spraying: and a process of spraying on the surface of iron and aluminum products with high temperature curing by electrostatic gun. This surface treatment process can protect the surface of the product, make it beautiful, bright in color, and resistant to corrosion. Sex is even more.

Lacquer: Flowable liquid paint. Including oil (based) paint and water-based paint.

Paint: organic solvent as medium or high solid, solvent-free oil paint.

Coatings generally consist of four basic ingredients: film-forming substances (resin,

In the new century, the development of the coatings industry has ushered in a golden decade. However, the development of the industry in the past two years has apparently "stuck". The growth of various major economic indicators has slowed down, the downstream production and sales situation is not good, the labor costs of raw materials have risen, and the pressure of structural adjustment has become prominent.

Aside from the obvious reduction in growth rate, we must face up to the fact that the coatings industry is still a low-value-added industry, which has been hovering at a low level of profitability, and the proportion of high-tech and high-value-added products is not high; corporate innovation Insufficient investment and innovation power, products hovering at the low end, industry concentration is not high, and homogeneous competition has not been fundamentally resolved. Based on this judgment, industrial structure adjustment, product upgrades, and innovation-driven development are the main contradictions and main directions of the coatings industry ^[1]

Global thermal insulation materials are developing towards the integration of efficient thermal insulation, energy-saving thin layers, and external protection. Building insulation mainly takes measures from the inside and outside of the building, and measures to reduce the indoor heat dissipation of the building to the outside have an important role in creating a suitable indoor thermal environment and saving energy. A reflective thermal insulation coating can form a three-dimensional network hollow structure connected by closed microbeads on the surface of the building wall. Such nano-hollow ceramic microbeads and microbeads form a stack of static air groups. It is a thermal insulation unit, the thermal conductivity of the coating is 0.04W / mK, which can effectively prevent heat conduction, the thermal insulation level of the coating reaches R-30.1, the thermal reflectivity is above 90%, and the thermal insulation efficiency is 90% Left and right can keep more than 70% of the heat in the room. Brushing it on the building wall can effectively prevent cold and cold, and has a high air-conditioning shielding rate. It can be painted more than 3 millimeters, the thermal insulation rate can reach 90%, and the indoor temperature can be increased above 5 ° C in winter.

There are many classification methods for coatings, and there are usually the following classification methods:

1. According to the form of the product, it can be divided into: liquid coating, powder coating,

   There are two main types of coating packaging:

   1. Bucket (generally 25kg)

   2. Packed in bags (generally 20kg)

   1. performance

   (1)

   1. Viscosity. Characterization of viscosity and rheology of coatings. Latex paints are generally represented by KU.

   2. Density. At the specified temperature, the mass of the coating per unit volume, the common unit is kilograms / liter (kg / L).

   3. Solid content. The amount of non-volatile matter contained in the coating is generally expressed by the mass percentage of the non-volatile matter, and can also be expressed by the volume percentage.

   4. Fineness. The particle size of pigments and fillers and latex particles in coatings is a measure of the degree of dispersion of pigments and fillers in coatings, expressed in microns (m).

   5. Storage stability. Under the specified conditions, the coating product resists the degree of performance changes such as odor, thickening, crusting, coarsening, sinking, caking, loss of dryness, and increased acid value after storage.

   6. Precipitation and layering. Whether the coating has sedimentation, delamination, agglomeration, flocculation, curing, etc. during storage.

   7, anti-freeze-thaw stability. This is an important evaluation index of latex paint, which refers to the ability of water-based paint to maintain its original performance after being subjected to freezing and subsequent melting (cycle test). National standards stipulate that coatings are stored for three cycles at -5 ° C (16h) and + 23 ° C (8h), and their original properties remain unchanged to be considered qualified.

   Most solvent-based coatings and

   When people decorate a house, people have misunderstandings about the toxicity of building materials, especially the toxicity of coatings. The main reasons are as follows:

   First, it is considered that the toxicity of the paint has evaporated in a short period of time, and there is no harm in a few weeks. This is unscientific. At normal temperature, the volatilization and dissipation of these toxic substances is a long process, and long-term low-dose exposure to toxic substances can cause serious non-acute (because it is non-acute and often unnoticed) hazards, which have been extensively The results of toxicological studies are confirmed.

   Second, think that the

   The first glycol ether and its ester-based solvent coatings have a direct killing effect on the human body. As long as people are in contact for a long time, they can cause blood and lymph damage, and they can also cause serious harm to the reproductive system.

   The second is the band

   1. Wall covering: In order to prevent cracks on the wall, non-load-bearing walls must be covered.

   2. Wall lining: The wall lining is a substitute for the 821 putty, and it is a material that must be used for the base layer of the wall.

   3. Primer: The primer has the effect of preventing moisture and mildew. Be sure to brush the primer first and then the top paint.

   4. Color: When choosing the paint color according to the color card of the building materials market, it is best to choose a lighter color than the color card. The actual painting effect is the effect you want.

   5. Spraying: The effect of spraying is better than that of workers' hand brushing, but it costs more materials.

   Although there are many obstacles to the development of the coating industry, objective conditions such as the unstable consumer market and the persistently high prices of raw materials still exist, the overall development of the industry is still on the rise, and the Chinese coating industry has maintained its vigorous vitality.

   Great progress has been made in the development of waterproof coatings, and they have continued to evolve from solvent-based to emulsion-based and reactive, from low-grade to high elasticity, high durability, and functional directions. High-performance, high weather-resistant, environmentally-friendly and multi-functional waterproofing Coatings. ^[2]

   Look

   When choosing coatings, you must first see two important indicators from the product packaging, instructions, and test reports, one is the number of scrub resistance, and the other is the VOC and formaldehyde content. The former is a comprehensive indicator of coating film performance, which not only represents the easy cleaning of the coating, but also represents the water resistance, alkali resistance and toughness of the coating film. The latter is an environmental health indicator for coatings. The VOC and formaldehyde content of the coating usually represents the environmental protection performance of the coating, and the lower the index, the better.

   smell

   Smell the paint you want to buy. The smaller the taste, the better. Any pungent odor or fragrance is suspect. The true odor paint should only have a slight paint taste, rather than cover the smell by adding spices. Really good paint with zero or very low VOC, so the taste is very small.

   touch

   You can identify the quality of the paint film by viewing or touching the sample of the paint. Good latex paint is usually dense, fine and shiny; poor latex paint is usually rough.

   test

   Specialty stores of various brands usually display product samples. You can check the properties of the paint film through various test methods, such as: abrasion resistance, stain resistance, and some coatings may not have their indicators marked. Salespeople must be held accountable for their metrics.

   brush

   If possible, it's best to try the paint yourself. Open the paint bucket lid and stir the paint with a wooden stick to see if there are any lumps inside. If there are lumps, the paint is broken. Use a wooden stick to pick out a bit of paint and observe its downstream status. If the paint is continuously flowing in a filament shape instead of being broken into pieces, it means that the paint has good fluidity and good decorative effect. Twist the paint by hand, you can feel its fineness, the finer the better. If the shop has a scraper, you can borrow it to check the fineness, the finer the better. You can use a scraper to scrape the film on the black and white paper. You can compare the coverage of white and black. The better the coverage of black, the better the hiding power. You can also brush it yourself to experience the smell of paint. , Parallel flow, hiding power, etc.

   Divided by dissolving medium, coatings include water-based coatings and oil-based coatings. Water-based paints include architectural paints (latex paints), water-based wood paints, etc. Oily paints are the paints we usually refer to. So paint includes paint, and paint is only a part of paint. In China, coatings are generally considered to be water-based paints, and they are low-grade, and paints are high-grade. Actually this is a wrong concept. Paint contains paint, which can be divided into water-based paint and solvent-based (oil-based) paint. With the development of the petrochemical industry, the emergence of chemical products is endless. Most of modern coatings have departed from the tradition of using oil to produce paints. More and more coating products are better prepared through chemical synthesis. The use occasions are also becoming wider .

   1. Decorative effect of decoration coating The decorative effect of the building is determined by the three aspects of texture, line shape and color. The line shape is determined by the building structure and design scheme, and the texture and color can be determined by the paint. The gloss of the decoration coating is the physical properties of the coating. In architectural decoration, different parts have different requirements for gloss. When choosing paints, we should consider the compatibility of the selected paints with the building and the surrounding environment, and consider the supplementary effects on the building's shape design.

   2. Environmental protection is especially important for architectural coatings, especially for interior wall coatings, because interior wall coatings are closely related to people's lives. With the development of society and the continuous improvement of the living standards of consumers, as well as the increase of attention to their own health and quality of life, people are more eager for health and environmental protection, and demand that indoor coatings be environmentally friendly.

   3. Durability is especially important for architectural coatings, especially for exterior wall coatings. The properties include weather resistance, stain resistance, water resistance, etc. The coatings of exterior wall coatings are exposed to the atmosphere all year round, subject to climate changes throughout the year. Under the external effects of sunlight, wind and rain, cold and heat, the coatings are prone to cracking, chalking, discoloration, blistering, peeling, Disadvantages such as contamination will cause the coating to lose its original decorative effect and protection function. The coating will become unrecognizable, which will seriously affect the appearance of the building and damage the city appearance.

   4. Coating can avoid defects such as color unevenness, monotonous color, blemishes, etc. during the molding and processing of plastic products, and it is easy to cause problems such as aging and brittleness, scratches, stains, static electricity, etc. However, because plastic is a low surface energy substance, its surface coating is much more difficult than the surface coating of steel, wood, construction and other surfaces. Need to choose different coatings according to different plastic substrates, so as to produce better adhesion

   Coating finishing construction is only the first step to complete the coating film formation on the surface of the coated object, and the process of turning into a solid continuous film must be continued to complete the entire coating film formation process. This process of changing from "wet film" to "dry film" is commonly referred to as "drying" or "curing." This drying and curing process is the core of the coating film formation process. Coatings of different forms and compositions have their own film-forming mechanisms. The film-forming mechanism is determined by the properties of the film-forming substances used in the coating. Generally, we divide the film formation of coatings into two categories:

   • Non-transformed

   Generally refers to the physical film formation method, which mainly depends on the evaporation of the solvent or other dispersion medium in the coating film, and the coating film viscosity gradually increases to form a solid coating film. For example: acrylic paint, chlorinated rubber paint, asphalt paint, vinyl paint, etc.

   • Transformational

   Generally refers to the chemical reaction that occurred during the film formation process, and the coating mainly depends on the chemical reaction to form the film. This film formation is the process of polymerizing the film-forming material in the coating called polymer coating after construction. It can be said that it is a special polymer synthesis method, which completely follows the polymer synthesis reaction mechanism. For example: alkyd paint, epoxy paint, polyurethane paint, phenolic paint, etc. However, most modern coatings do not form a film in a single way, but rely on multiple methods to finally form a film.

   PVC refers to the percentage of powder volume content to latex volume content in coatings. In some cases, the lower the PVC, the better the mechanical properties of the coating. Still find an old newspaper, apply the undiluted paint on the newspaper according to the general brushing thickness, and after it is sufficiently dry, slowly fold the newspaper and carefully observe the changes in the paint surface. Stop folding, and record the approximate angle at which the newspaper is folded. The smaller the inner angle, the lower the PVC and the better its mechanical properties. Secondly, apply the coating evenly on a non-absorbing base surface, such as glass. After it is sufficiently dried, use a fingernail to forcefully cut the coating film, and observe the state of the broken material. PVC is higher.

   Part of the project polymer cement waterproof coating GB / T 23445-2009

   All items chlorosulfonated polyethylene anticorrosive coating (two-component) HG / T2661-1995

   All items zinc-rich primer HG / T3668-2009

   Some items of various colors alkyd enamel HG / T2576-1994

   Latex paint for building interior GB / T9756-2001

   Interior wall putty JG / T3049-1998

   All items Solvent-based polyurethane coatings (two-component) HG / T 2454-2006

   All items Alkyd varnish HG2453-1993

   All items nitro varnish HG / T2592-1994

   All items acrylic varnish HG / T2593-1994

   All items for cement floor paint HG / T2004-1991

   All items polyurethane waterproof coating GB / T19250-2003

   Inorganic architectural coating for exterior wall of all projects JG / T26-2002

   All items Polymer waterproof material Part 1: Sheet GB18173.1-2006

   Partial project steel structure fireproof coating GB14907-2002

   Part of the project fire-resistant paint GB12441-2005

   All project hull paint GB / T6745-2008

   All project marine oil tank paint GB / T6746-2008

   All project marine anti-rust paint GB / T6748-2008

   Part of the project hull antifouling and antirust paint system GB / T6822-2007

   Part of the project ship ballast tank paint GB / T6823-2008

   Part of the project C06-1 iron red alkyd primer HG / T2009-1991

   All items H06-2 iron red, zinc yellow, iron black epoxy ester primer HG2239-1991

   All items phenolic antirust paint HG / T3345-1999

   All items Red tannin acid antirust paint HG / T3346-1999

   All items of various colors of nitro primer HG / T3355-2003

   All items nitro paint thinner HG / T3378-2003

   All items perchloroethylene paint thinner HG / T3379-2003

   All items amino paint thinner HG / T3380-2003

   Paint remover for all items HG / T3381-2003

   All items nitro paint moisture-proofing agent HG / T3383-2003

   All items Perchloroethylene paint moisture-proofing agent HG / T3384-2003

   Technical requirements for environmental labeling products of all projects Water-based paint HJ / T201-2005

   All items phenolic enamel HG / T 3349-2003

   All Projects Pyrophenolic Antirust Paint HG / T 3369-2003

   All items Alkyd drying insulation paint HG / T 3372-2003

   All items colored alkyd putty HG / T 3352-2003

   All items Solvent type rubber asphalt waterproof coating JC / T852-1999

   Some projects crosslinked fluororesin coating HG / T 3792-2005

   Some items of hot-melt fluororesin (PVDF) HG / T 3793-2005

   Partial project ship waterline paint GB / T 9260-2008

   Part of the project deck paint GB / T 9261-2008

   All project marine cargo tank paint GB / T 9262-2008

   Primer for bicycles in some projects HG / T 3833-2006

   All items electronic component paint HG / T 2003-1991 (2004)

   Floor coatings for all projects HG / T 3829-2006

   All items magnetic paint for refrigerators HG / T 2005-199l (2004)

   Some projects thermosetting powder coatings HG / T 2006-2006

   Part of the project machine tool paint HG / T 2243-1991 (2004)

   All items of machine tool primer HG / T 2244-199l (2004)

   Technical requirements for the supply of anti-rust primers for railway steel bridges in all projects TB / T 2772-1997

   All items indoor waterborne wood coatings HG / T 3828-2006

   All projects multi-layer architectural coating GB / T9779-2005