What is a CCD camera?
CCD camera is any type of digital camera with image sensor with charged devices (CCD). This includes the vast majority of consumer and professional cameras, camcorders, security cameras, mobile phone cameras and medical cameras. CCDs are very effective and generally capture about 70 percent of the incident light, unlike a photographic film that responds to only about two percent of the incident light. CCDs are also sensitive to infrared light, which makes them ideal for night vision and astronomy. While some cameras use the additional semiconductor oxide sensor (CMOS), CCD is the most common type.
Most CCD cameras use a disposable device with a single charge to collect image data with a single charge as to whether the camera is designed for monochrome, color or infrared surgery. In this case, the light enters through the lens, filtered, and then focuses on the surface of one photoelectric field of image sensualru. Many professional camcorders, as a "Three-CCD" or "Three-Chip" cameras contain three CCD fields. With them, the incoming light is divided by a prism into its red, green and blue components, each focusing on its own CCD sensor. This improves color separation and increases light sensitivity, resulting in more accurate shading of colors in general and in more detail in situations with lower light.
Fax machines, scanners and other types of linear scan cameras use a one -dimensional CCD image sensor to collect data, move the sensor or object scanned to capture the entire image. Each other type of CCD camera uses a fixed two -dimensional matrix of the area. The CCD sensor is a series of bound, photograph of capacitors that create hubs based on the intensity, duration and wavelength of the light that focuses on them. Once the sensor controller is exposed to the image, it moves the chargeEach capacitor on the ITS neighbor in the field. This creates a ripple in the entire matrix and moves the last set of fees outside the chip to a separate digitizer; This digitizer converts them to numeric values to be stored in the camera memory.
How CCD camera stores and loads image data usually affects the system design. The whole frame method uses the entire CCD for light collection and requires mechanical shutter to prevent blur when image data is transferred outside the chip. This design is ideal for collecting the most light and the best image is more important than costs, time and energy consumption. The Interline method uses each additional CCD column to quickly store data on image charging with one pixel shift, prevent paint and remove mechanical shutter requirements at the cost of efficiency. Alternatively, the frame transmission method can be implemented with an acceptable amount of blur and without mechanical shutter. The frame transmission uses half the CCD for storing and searching for the charge while the DruHalls Halp accumulate a new image, so it requires twice the amount of silicon for processing the same size.
Specialized CCD cameras are used in astronomy because they are sensitive to light wavelengths, from ultraviolet to infrared items. In fact, they are so sensitive that many more steps need to be taken to reduce the amount of "noise", including CCD cooling to the liquid temperature of the nitrogen. With the correct amount of image compensation and processing, astrophotography of the observatory quality has become accessible to serious, devoted amateurs armed with CCD camera equipment.