What Is a Microphone Jack?

A microphone is also called a microphone. It is an electroacoustic device and belongs to a microphone. It is a transducer that converts sound to electricity. The sound waves act on the electroacoustic components to generate a voltage, which is then converted into electrical energy. Used in various sound reinforcement equipment. There are many types of microphones and the circuit is simple. Analysis of the microphone circuit mainly grasps two points: (1) signal transmission loop analysis, relatively simple, analysis of various microphone input jack circuits. (2) Analysis of microphone signal amplifier. Microphone amplifier is a small signal low noise audio amplifier. It is not difficult to analyze the microphone level control circuit.

On March 4, 1877, Emil Berliner invented

Microphones are usually classified in the way it converts energy. Here we still press

Microphone pointing

Generally divided into heart-shaped, super-cardioid, figure-eight, gun type, omnidirectional and so on. Please see Figure 02

Recently, a kind sold in the market

With the popularization and widespread use of wireless microphones, how can they better play their superior role, the following should be noted in operation and use

Select microphones step by step

Choosing the right microphone is becoming increasingly difficult. There are more and more types of microphones, each with its own strengths and excellent quality. Therefore, in addition to the price when buying the biggest influencing factor is personal preference. For those who prefer to rely on objective parameters rather than subjective impressions when buying, here are some tips for buying special-purpose microphones, including broadcasting, recording, or live broadcast (with or without sound reinforcement).

Smoothest response

When choosing a microphone, users should be the first to care about it

Proximity effect is the effect of using low-pass sound technology to boost bass, that is, the microphone is placed a few centimeters away from the sound source.

Although this effect can produce a strong, full-bodied sound that some singers like in some situations, there are many situations where you must control or completely avoid bass boosts, such as when recording a conversation. Proximity effects can make conversation incomprehensible. Some microphones are equipped with bass filters to compensate for proximity effects, such as the Sennheiser MD 421 and MD 441, AKG SolidTube and C 414 B-ULS.

There is also a proven solution. Electro-VoICe has a patented Variable-D microphone design in which the proximity effect is eliminated to obtain a highly directional cardioid microphone. Variable-D supercardioid RE16 and cardioid RE20 maintain a smooth bass frequency response when the working distance changes, thereby improving sound clarity.

When recording or broadcasting a stage show, the working distance is usually very close, and near-channel sound technology has its place. The purpose is to avoid acoustic feedback.

Techniques like this are not necessary in the studio, and remote sound transmission technology dominates. Therefore, dynamic and condenser microphones may be used in the studio. Condenser microphones have excellent response to transient sound. Dynamic microphones are generally superior to condenser microphones when there is excessive snoring from the speakers.

The purpose of using a microphone is most important. To help make the final choice, users should know: Is this microphone used for broadcast and studio recordings, or for broadcast or stage recordings (with sound reinforcement)?

For broadcast or studio

Most of the professional audio used in outdoor performances and dance halls are imported equipment, and it should be said that the reliability is high. The main problem is that the professional quality of the operators is uneven, and the equipment is really qualified.

Materials used and price estimates

1, 15 * 15CM piece of cloth, the price is 0.16 yuan. It is best to use speaker cloth, the price may be higher, can be purchased or obtained in the audio market. Or simply use a thinner satin, and the lesbian stockings will be ready. I used a black cloth cut from a computer multimedia speaker.

Generally speaking (with exceptions, of course), condenser microphones are superior to dynamic microphones in terms of sensitivity and extended high frequency (and sometimes low frequency) response.

This is related to the working principle that the condenser microphone needs to convert the sound signal into current first. Generally, the diaphragm of a condenser microphone is very thin, and it is easy to be affected by sound pressure to cause vibration, which causes a corresponding change in the voltage between the diaphragm and the rear plate of the diaphragm chamber. This change in voltage will then be multiplied by the preamplifier and then converted into a sound signal output.

Of course, the preamp mentioned here refers to the amplifier built into the microphone, instead of what we usually call "preamp", that is, the kind of preamp on the mixer or interface. Because the area of the condenser microphone diaphragm is very small, its response to low-frequency or high-frequency sound signals is very sensitive. This is indeed the case. Most condenser microphones can accurately capture sound signals that many human ears simply cannot hear.

In contrast, the working principle of a dynamic microphone is much simpler. It mainly produces sound signals through the movement of conductors in a magnetic field. In fact, generally speaking, a dynamic microphone should be called a moving-coil dynamic microphone because the sound signal of this microphone is mainly connected to the diaphragm. The wire coil is completed by continuously moving in a magnetic field according to the change in sound pressure. Because the volume of the moving part is relatively large, the dynamic microphone is inferior to the condenser microphone in terms of the range of frequency response (mainly high frequency), sensitivity, and instantaneous response.

Ribbon microphones (Ribbon microphones) are also a type of dynamic microphone. It differs from moving-coil microphones mainly in that it replaces the diaphragm and coil used by the latter with a thin metal sheet. It mainly drives the change of the current in the magnetic field through the vibration of the metal sheet itself according to the change in sound pressure, and finally generates a sound signal. Because the area of the metal sheet is smaller than that of the diaphragm and coil, this aluminum ribbon microphone has a higher response to high frequencies than a dynamic microphone, but it is still not comparable to a condenser microphone.

The sensitivity of dynamic microphones is lower than that of condenser microphones, mainly because it does not have corresponding electronic components to amplify and buffer sound signals. As a result, they usually require more gain than dynamic microphones. It is for this reason that the sound quality of dynamic microphones usually varies with the preamplifier used. However, under the condition of strong sound source, it generally does not cause any bad consequences. However, if the sound source is weak, the problem may be more serious and requires extra attention. Market demand is a catalyst for product innovation.

In order to solve this problem, there are indeed many dynamic microphones with a built-in preamplifier on the market, such as the Ball moving-coil from BLUE and the R122 ribbon from Aluminum Microphone) and so on.

Because each microphone has its own unique advantages and disadvantages, if you look closely, you will find that each microphone has its own specific applicable situation. For example, dynamic microphones are often used in recording environments with strong sound sources such as guitar amplifiers, brass, near-field drum sounds, and live vocals; while condenser microphones are usually used in natural conditions or under conditions that require high frequency response ranges. Such as drum overhang recordings, pianos, acoustic stringed instruments, studio vocal recordings, orchestra and choral recordings, etc .; aluminum ribbon microphones are increasingly used in digital recording, especially percussion and brass recording. Having attention.

Of course, aluminum ribbon microphones can also be used for a variety of recording situations such as guitar amplifiers, various acoustic instruments and vocals. In the end, I want to say that any rule is just a reference and does not necessarily have to be followed. Although few people recommend that we use dynamic microphones to record acoustic guitars or suspension drums, these can be tried if needed because the rules are dead and people are alive. In fact, in reality, we can see a lot of phenomena similar to the use of condenser microphones for live vocal recording, and dynamic microphones for vocal recording in the studio, or even near-field recording of drum sounds using condenser microphones, and it seems that Have achieved good results. This tells us that the key to choosing a microphone is to see if it can achieve its intended effect, rather than just follow the established rules and regulations ^[3] .