What Is a Pitch to Voltage Converter?

Power converter, also called AC converter, is a kind of transformer. Due to the different power environments in different countries and regions around the world, there are also differences in civil voltages, and the voltage application scope of electrical appliances in different countries is also different. There are two common types: 220V and 110V. With the rapid progress of the world's science and technology, non-governmental exchanges are becoming more and more frequent, and exchange converters have become essential supplies for people who go abroad, bringing great convenience to people's work and life, saving money and reducing energy waste.

Power converter

The power converter is a scientific name, which is a plug-in board, also known as a power strip, plug-in board, wiring board, Hong Kong people called a power strip. After picking up the plug-in board we usually use, in addition to the product name of the power converter, there are some electrical parameters, such as maximum voltage, maximum current, frequency, etc. Everyone should use these parameters when using the power converter. If it is used improperly, especially when a low-quality power converter is used, unsafe accidents such as electric shock and fire may occur. In the early days, domestic power converters were produced by state-owned enterprises. With the advancement of the market economy, private enterprises have also begun to enter the power converter industry, making the power converter industry a scene of controversy.

Power converters are roughly divided into 12 types of power converters according to the number of people used worldwide and the country in use.

Country voltage frequency

Country Voltage Frequency

Afghanistan 220 V 50 Hz

Albania 220 V 50 Hz

Algeria 230 V 50 Hz

American Samoa 120 V 60 Hz

Andorra 230 V 50 Hz

Angola 220 V 50 Hz

Anguilla 110 V 60 Hz

Antigua 230 V 60 Hz

Argentina 220 V 50 Hz

Armenia 220 V 50 Hz

Aruba 127 V 60 Hz

Australia 240 V 50 Hz

Austria 230 V 50 Hz

Azerbaijan 220 V 50 Hz

Azores 220 V 50 Hz

Bahamas 120 V 60 Hz

Bahrain 230 V 50 Hz

Balearic Islands 220 V 50 Hz

Bangladesh 220 V 50 Hz

Barbados 115V 50 Hz

Belarus 220 V 50 Hz

Belgium 230 V 50 Hz

Belize 110/220 V 60 Hz

Benin 220 V 50 Hz

Bermuda 120 V 60 Hz

Bhutan 230 V 50 Hz

Bolivia 220/230 V 50 Hz

Bosnia Herzegovina 220 V 50 Hz

Botswana 231V 50 Hz

Brazil 110/220 V 60 Hz

Brunei 240 V 50 Hz

Bulgaria 230 V 50 Hz

Burkina Faso 220 V 50 Hz

Burma (Myanmar) 230 V 50 Hz

Burundi 220 V 50 Hz

Cambodia 230 V 50 Hz

Cameroon 220 V 50 Hz

Canada 120 V 60 Hz

Canary Islands 220 V 50 Hz

Cape Verde 220 V 50 Hz

Cayman Islands 120 V 60 Hz

Central African Republic 220 V 50 Hz

Chad 220 V 50 Hz

Channel Islands 230 V 50 Hz

Chile 220 V 50 Hz

China, People's Rep. Of 220 V 50 Hz

China (Hong Kong) 220 V 50 Hz

Colombia 110 V 60 Hz

Comoros 220 V 50 Hz

Congo, Dem. Rep. (Zaire) 220 V 50 Hz

Congo, People's Rep. Of 230 V 50 Hz

Cook Islands 240 V 50 Hz

Costa Rica 120 V 60 Hz

C & ocirc; te d'Ivoire 220 V 50 Hz

Croatia 230 V 50 Hz

Cuba 110/220 V 60 Hz

Cyprus 240 V 50 Hz

Czech Republic 230 V 50 Hz

Denmark 230 V 50 Hz

Djibouti 220 V 50 Hz

Dominica 230 V 50 Hz

Dominican Republic 110 V 60 Hz

East Timor 220 V 50 Hz

Ecuador 120-127 V 60 Hz

Egypt 220 V 50 Hz

El Salvador 115V 60 Hz

England (UK) 230 V 50 Hz

Equatorial Guinea 220 V 50 Hz

Eritrea 230 V 50 Hz

Estonia 230 V 50 Hz

Ethiopia 220 V 50 Hz

Faeroe Islands 220 V 50 Hz

Falkland Islands 240 V 50 Hz

Fiji 240 V 50 Hz

Finland 230 V 50 Hz

France 230 V 50 Hz

French Guiana 220 V 50 Hz

Gaza 230 V 50 Hz

Gabon 220 V 50 Hz

Gambia 230 V 50 Hz

Georgia 220 V 50 Hz

Germany 230 V 50 Hz

Ghana 230 V 50 Hz

Gibraltar 240 V 50 Hz

Great Britain (UK) 230 V 50 Hz

Greece 220 V 50 Hz

Greenland 220 V 50 Hz

Grenada (Windward Is.) 230 V 50 Hz

Guadeloupe 230 V 50 Hz

Guam 110 V 60 Hz

Guatemala 120 V 60 Hz

Guinea 220 V 50 Hz

Guinea-Bissau 220 V 50 Hz

Guyana 240 V 60 Hz

Haiti 110 V 60 Hz

Holland (Netherlands) 230 V 50 Hz

Honduras 110 V 60 Hz

Hong Kong (China) 220 V 50 Hz

Hungary 230 V 50 Hz

Iceland 220 V 50 Hz

India 230 V 50 Hz

Indonesia 127/230 V 50 Hz

Iran 230 V 50 Hz

Iraq 230 V 50 Hz

Ireland (Eire) 230 50 Hz

Isle of Man 240 V 50 Hz

Israel 220 V 50 Hz

Italy 230 V 50 Hz

Ivory Coast 220 V 50 Hz

Jamaica 110 V 50 Hz

Japan 100 V 50/60 Hz

Jordan 230 V 50 Hz

Kazakhstan 220 V 50 Hz

Kenya 240 V 50 Hz

Kiribati 240 V 50 Hz

Korea, South 220 V 60 Hz

Kuwait 240 V 50 Hz

Laos 230 V 50 Hz

Latvia 220 V 50 Hz

Lebanon 110/220 V 50 Hz

Lesotho 220 V 50 Hz

Liberia 120 V 60 Hz

Libya 127 V 50 Hz

Lithuania 220 V 50 Hz

Liechtenstein 230 V 50 Hz

Luxembourg 220 V 50 Hz

Macau 220 V 50 Hz

Macedonia 220 V 50 Hz

Madagascar 220 V 50 Hz

Madeira 220 V 50 Hz

Malawi 230 V 50 Hz

Malaysia 240 V 50 Hz

Maldles 230 V 50 Hz

Mali 220 V 50 Hz

Malta 240 V 50 Hz

Martinique 220 V 50 Hz

Mauritania 220 V 50 Hz

Mauritius 230 V 50 Hz

Mexico 127 V 60 Hz

Micronesia (Federal States of) 120 V 60 Hz

Monaco 127/220 V 50 Hz

Mongolia 220 V 50 Hz

Montenegro 220 V 50 Hz

Montserrat (Leeward Is.) 230 V 60 Hz

Morocco 127/220 V 50 Hz

Mozambique 220 V 50 Hz

Myanmar (formerly Burma) 230 V 50 Hz

Namibia 220 V 50 Hz

Nauru 240 V 50 Hz

Nepal 230 V 50 Hz

Netherlands (Holland) 230 V 50 Hz

Netherlands Antilles 127/220 V 50 Hz

New Caledonia 220 V 50 Hz

New Zealand 230 V 50 Hz

Nicaragua 120 V 60 Hz

Niger 220 V 50 Hz

Nigeria 240 V 50 Hz

Northern Ireland 230 V 50 Hz

Norway 230 V 50 Hz

Okinawa 100 V 60 Hz

Oman 240 V 50 Hz

Pakistan 220 V 50 Hz

Palmyra Atoll 120 V 60 Hz

Panama 110 V 60 Hz

Papua New Guinea 240 V 50 Hz

Paraguay 220 V 50 Hz

Peru 220 V 60 Hz

Philippines 220 V 60 Hz

Poland 230 V 50 Hz

Portugal 230 V 50 Hz

Puerto Rico 120 V 60 Hz

Qatar 240 V 50 Hz

Réunion Island 220 V 50 Hz

Romania 230 V 50 Hz

Russia 220 V 50 Hz

Rwanda 230 V 50 Hz

St. Kitts and Nevis (Leeward Is.) 230 V 60 Hz

St. Lucia (Windward Is.) 240 V 50 Hz

St. Vincent (Windward Is.) 230 V 50 Hz

Samoa 230 V 50 Hz

Saudi Arabia 127/220 V 60 Hz

Scotland 230 V 50 Hz

Senegal 230 V 50 Hz

Serbia 220 V 50 Hz

Seychelles 240 V 50 Hz

Sierra Leone 230 V 50 Hz

Singapore 230 V 50 Hz

Slovak Republic 230 V 50 Hz

Slovenia 220 V 50 Hz

Somalia 220 V 50 Hz

South Africa 220/230 V 50 Hz

Spain 230 V 50 Hz

Sri Lanka 230 V 50 Hz

Sudan 230 V 50 Hz

Suriname 127 V 60 Hz

Swaziland 230 V 50 Hz

Sweden 230 V 50 Hz

Switzerland 230 V 50 Hz

Syria 220 V 50 Hz

Tahiti 110/220 V 60 Hz

Tajikistan 220 V 50 Hz

Taiwan 110 V 60 Hz

Tanzania 230 V 50 Hz

Thailand 220 V 50 Hz

Tibet (China) 220 V 50 Hz

Togo 220 V 50 Hz

Tonga 240 V 50 Hz

Trinidad & Tobago 115V 60 Hz

Tunisia 230 V 50 Hz

Turkey 230 V 50 Hz

Turkmenistan 220 V 50 Hz

Uganda 240 V 50 Hz

Ukraine 220 V 50 Hz

United Arab Emirates 220 V 50 Hz

UK (United Kingdom) 230 V 50 Hz

US (United States) 120 V 60 Hz

US, 220 V (industrial) 220 V 50 Hz

Uruguay 220 V 50 Hz

Uzbekistan 220 V 50 Hz

Vanuatu 230 V 50 Hz

Venezuela 120 V 60 Hz

Vietnam 127/220 V 50 Hz

Virgin Islands 115V 60 Hz

Wales 230 V 50 Hz

Yemen, Rep. Of 220/230 V 50 Hz

Zambia 230 V 50 Hz

Zimbabwe 220 V 50 Hz

Microwave oven 600 ---- 1500 watts

Rice cooker 500 ---- 1700 watts

Induction cooker 300 ---- 1800 watts

Electric wok 800 ---- 2000 Watt

Electric water heater 800 ---- 2000W

Refrigerator 70 ---- 250 watts

Electric heater 800 ---- 2500 watts

Electric oven 800 ---- 2000W

Disinfection furnace 600 ---- 800 watts

Electric iron 500 ---- 2000 Watt

Air conditioner 600 ---- 5000 watts

Air conditioner 1000W

Microwave 1000W

Electric furnace 1000W

Electric water heater 1000W

Vacuum cleaner 800W

Hair dryer 500W

Electric iron 500W

Washing machine 500W

TV 200W

Computer 200W

Range hood 140W

Refrigerator 100W

Fan 100W

Flashlight 0.5W

The power supply is actually a "comprehensive transformer" composed of a transformer and an AC / DC converter and the corresponding voltage stabilization circuit. This "integrated transformer" contains two main components-"transformer" and "current converter", and these two components have their own power consumption. The voltage regulator circuit attached to them is no exception, so the power supply itself It is another "consumer". The energy of the input power supply cannot be converted into 100% of the effective energy used by the components in the host, so a problem of conversion efficiency arises.

There are two points to note:

1. Different power products have different conversion efficiency;

2. The same power supply product has different conversion efficiency under different working conditions.

The conversion efficiency of common AC converters is between 70% -90%. Therefore, in addition to paying attention to the power of supporting electrical equipment when purchasing AC converters, the conversion efficiency of the AC converter itself must be calculated. The AC converter selected by the data is safe to use.

{GB2099.3-2008 / IEC60884-2-5: 1995, MOD "Plugs and sockets for household and similar purposes Part 2: Special requirements for converters" definition}:

(Adaptor): A mobile electrical accessory consisting of a plug part and one or more socket parts as a unit.

(Fused adaptor): A converter with replaceable fuses in one or more current-carrying poles.

Note: The standard name of the power strip with plug is the converter, which belongs to the power converter

Beijing time June 1, 2011 news, Tencent appliances learned from the National Standardization Management Committee, "Household and similar purpose plugs and sockets Part 2: Special requirements for converters" national standards after the first anniversary of the implementation of implementation, from June 2011 Starting from January 1, the state will enforce new standards for power converters, and large universal products will be removed from the shelves.

It is understood that "Household and Similar Use Plugs and Sockets Part 2: Special Requirements for Converters" was issued by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and the China National Standardization Administration on December 30, 2008.

This standard gives clear specifications for product appearance, size, performance, etc. The National Standardization Committee approved the new standard in 2010. Household and similar plug-and-socket converter products produced from June 1, 2010 must comply with "Plugs and sockets for household and similar purposes Part 2: Special requirements for converters", household and similar purpose plug and socket converter products that do not meet this requirement are unqualified products.

After the new national standard was promulgated, the relevant departments allowed the market to consume inventory for a one-year transition period. By May 31, 2011, the transition period had ended. From June 1, the original large universal power converters will not be allowed to be sold. ^[2]

The poor quality of plugs and sockets and converters is an important cause of electrical fires. The quality problems of small plugs and sockets and converters will seriously harm the personal and property safety of consumers. Therefore, when purchasing plugs, sockets, converters, and switches, consumers should pay attention to the safety of the product, and the following performance indicators affect the safety:

Sign

Marks are an important basis for instructing people to install, use and maintain correctly, and are extremely important safety standards to ensure the safety of personal and property. Plug and socket products shall be marked with rated current, rated voltage, power supply properties, etc. at obvious locations. In addition, converters (converters are mobile electrical accessories that have only one plug part and one or more socket parts combined) products should use the "MAX (or maximum)" symbol to indicate the rated current / or power, To guide users to avoid overloading. Signs or symbols should be durable and legible. Silkscreen and paper signs that can be easily erased should not be used.

Rating

The rated value is the most basic electrical interchange parameter that guarantees the normal, safe, and compatible use of plugs, sockets, converters and connected electrical appliances. For example: the rated current of the converter must not be greater than the rated value of the plug part. Otherwise, it may cause danger when the user selects electric appliances according to the rated current of the socket, the plug overheats and generates danger; the minimum rating of the converter with fuse and overload protector should be equal to that marked on the fuse and overload protector Rating. Otherwise, product damage may occur.

size

Size is an important technical requirement related to whether the plug socket and the converter can be used safely and whether it meets the universal interchangeability requirements to avoid mis-insertion. Unqualified dimensions will affect the user's use or cause hidden dangers such as poor contact and mis-insertion. If the device is damaged, it will cause fire and electric shock.

Protection against electric shock

Anti-shock protection is a key safety indicator to ensure that plugs, sockets, and converters will not cause electric shocks to users and others under normal use and even in some unexpected situations. When the plug is fully or partially mated with the socket, the live parts of the plug shall not be accessible; when any plug of the plug is accessible, the plug shall not be mated with the live socket of the socket. Plug sockets and converters with protective doors should be able to prevent unipolar or probe insertion.

structure

The socket sleeve assembly of the socket should have sufficient elasticity to ensure sufficient contact pressure on the plug pin. The socket should be resistant to corrosion and abrasion to ensure good contact between the plug and the socket; the plug of the plug should be locked and cannot be rotated, otherwise it will affect the insertion performance and produce unsafe factors; the converter has a flexible cord fixing device to ensure The flexible cord is fixed and can withstand normal tensile and torsional forces. When the plug and socket are mated, the mating surface should be basically tight to prevent electric shock.

power cable

The power cord should have a sufficient cross-sectional area to ensure that the power cord does not heat up and cause insulation damage, which can cause short circuits, fires, leakage, and accidents. For example, the cross-sectional area of the power line of a common 250V, 10A converter should be greater than or equal to 0.75mm2.

Mechanical strength

Plugs and sockets shall have sufficient mechanical strength to withstand various mechanical stresses caused by drops, impacts, compressions, etc. during installation and use; sockets with protective doors shall prevent unipolar insertion.

Heat and flame resistant

High temperature has a great impact on the various properties of insulating materials. Under high temperature conditions, the structure and characteristics of insulating materials will essentially change. This change determines the reliability of the material. Some materials will gradually soften at high temperatures. Decreased mechanical strength, which will affect the quality of the plug and socket and the safety in use. In addition, the insulating material of the plug and socket should have a certain flame retardant performance. Otherwise, the product will be out of control in case of fire during use.

Understand the safety performance of plugs and sockets. When buying and using, grasp the following points to ensure the safety of your family and property:

One choice: choose regular shopping malls, supermarkets or specialty stores, choose brand products; choose corresponding (matching) products according to the power of the electrical appliances used, such as: air conditioners, high-power showers and other products should use 16A plugs and sockets, and other low-power 10A plug and socket can be used for your home appliances.

Second look: see if the product logo is complete and see if there is a CCC certification mark.

Third check: Check the certificate of compliance and the inspection compliance report issued by the statutory department. If the converter product is not included in the compulsory certification, you should check the inspection qualification report issued by the statutory inspection agency when purchasing.

Four tests: Perform a simple mating experiment. After the plug is inserted into the socket, it should be in good contact, there is no loose feeling, and it can be pulled out without too much force.

Five Cautions: Do not choose a plug with a rotatable plug or artificially change the shape of the plug; Do not use two high-power appliances on one socket at the same time; stop the plug or socket or the power cord when the temperature is too high or there is a fire Use and replace.